,-up-,.....,...-g I-,.,g.g ..V,':

THE GUARDIAN

mod Ivory Dot-day morning II in Pnneo ureol. Cbu ' Iottoton. P. l.l.. to no company Limited-

"&yIn PI-boo IIIIII IILIII uko IIt' Ilow"

Editor, Fruik WIlker IIIIA-Il IIIIIII. III A. Iunm Ioulcl olflaou II Iummorlido. Ilontagulo Ind Aloorton. Autbol lxodulocooddtoolhllby thIPIIt0flicI Dopurtmenl. 0nIwI. ly CIn-ion uurtotuiowu. summu-nun u:.uo pu Innum. um thorn in P. I. I 00.00. Otbu Fmlrucoo Ind U. I. A. HIM pot Innum.

"TIII Ihollleot memory II weukoo than tho wcolkeot Ink."

WEDNESDAY. JANUARY N. 1955

The Pelplng Invitation

The dramatic invitation from the Red Chinese Government to the relatives of the imprisoned airmen is something new in diplomatic fashions; so new, that it caught the United States Government unawares. The President's first reaction was that the trips to Peiping ought not to be encouraged; the next day he said that the Government would do nothing to discourage those parents and other relatives who might want to go. Now that the strangeness of the proposal has worn off slightly, people are asking, "why not?" There will be no financial problem; those who are unable to pay their way will be assisted by friends and various organizations, for this is the sort of thing that catches the public imagination and stimulates neighbourly generosity. Indeed, it would not be surprising if a Congressional allocation of funds were forthcoming, de- spite the President's counsel of caution.

While no one except, of course, the Chi- nese officials themselves-and perhaps Mr. Hammarskjold-knows the exact motive be- hind the invitation, it can be assumed that something more than an ordinary humani- tarian sense is involved. The Congressman who called it I ”diabolical tric " probably spoke for I goodly number of his fellow citizens. According to this view, Mr. Chou is simply trying to get as many Americans as he can induce to come to Peiping, to see for themselves what happens to foreigners who are wicked enough and foolish enough t.o ”spy" on the peace-loving Chinese. That, indeed, would be I diabolical trick, unsur- passed, and perhaps unequalled, in the his- tory of warfare. But this, while it cannot be ruled out entirely, is most unlikely. As Mr. I-Iammarskjold has pointed out, the Chinese people have a traditional regard for family relationships; this goes back so far in Chinese history and is so deeply root- ed in their culture that it would have been

hardly possible for the Communists to de-1

stroy it in such a short period of time. Con- sequently, it is almost unthinkable that they would entice American fathers and mothers to China just to see their sons in chains. In any case, that sort of knavery would have no political value; on the contrary, it would only inflame American sentiment which, al- ready, is very bitter against Chou"ond all .his works.

The more plausiblespeculation is that the invitation represents a direct attempt to soften American anger and thus make it easier for the Communist regime to show cause why it should be admitted to the Uni-

ted Nations; it might also help to deflect;

American sympathy from the Nationalist cause. Their hope is that, if the parents of the imprisoned airmen are accorded good hospitality in Peiping-Mr. Hammarskjold says they will be-and if, further, they find their sons in fairly good health and spirits, the new effect on American public opinion

will he very, very good from the Chincsel

Colnmllnisls' point of view; especially if the prisonels should happen to be released a little later. It could be that Mr. Chou has just heard that, ordinarily, more files are caught with molasses than with vinegar and is determined to see for himself how it works. If this should turn out to have been the raison dietre for the unexpected invita- tion, it would not necessarily indicate any essential change in Chinese Communisls' de- signs, but only a new dodge in their political strategy.

Famous Landmark

Bostlonis Beacon Hill is! not as high as it used to be, Ind the beacon has been gone for many years. Bilt it endures as the loft- iest point in old Boston and as a symbol of In aristocratic way of life. Rich in history, literary tradition and legend, Beacon Hill

. ind the gilt-domed State House on its sum-

mit Ire regarded as the heart of the Com-

” monwealth of Massachusetts. To preserve

the famous quarter, homeowners have ask- ql the Massachusetts Legislature to create I31-flotoric Beacon Hill District of about 22 ,IcroI. New construction, repairs and alter-

l woulgltbe regulated.

(Q; tint ;&lroIpeIn settler on the site of tho Shuwmut Peninsula between River Ind South Bay, was William , In English clergyman. -He built gpomlowhcro on Beacon Hill soon after

drab-MI-vloltlod by capulln Mileo Stand- . &loIIt1ory party from Plymouth

' ' l , mhnon later, the Man- i , g y foundcd Charles- ' ' r - ft-om'BlIokItone'I Io!- gofnewcoloninu led , J frommnglondin -- - It Gm-leotowfl ' ammo. nudi-

stone learned of the newcomers pngnt Ina told them of an excellent spring on the pen- insula. At his invitation, the colonists mov- ed lock, stock and barrel, bringing even the frame of Winthrop's house. According to early Charlestown records, the people ”be- gan to build their houses against winter, and this place was called Boston"-after the town in England.

About four years later, the colonists erected on the highest hill a pole topped with an iron skillet filled with pitch and wopd. This flare was lighted to warn of any danger and gave the hill its name. The American architect Charles Bulfinch designed a'sturd- ier beacon of stone and brick in 1790. When Beacon Hill's summit was leveled off be- tween 1811 and 1823 to fill in a mill pond for building space, the Buifinch Beacon was destroyed. A ,memorial was later erected near the State House.

The Hill became the center of Boston's literary culture. Among its residents were Oliver Wendell Holmes, Louisa May Alcott, William Dean Howells, Thomas Bailey Ald- rich, Julia Ward Howe and Francis Park- lman. The Swedish singer Jenny Lind was imarried in a house in Louisburg Square.

Old traditoins linger on. From Black- stone, the first Bostonians purchased land for use as a cow pasture and military train- ing field. The tract is Boston Common. Residents of fashionable Beacon Hill still, have the right to lead a cow down Beacon' Street to the Common.

Striking Figures

The following figures were released re- cently by the Agricultural Research Service! of the United States Department of Agri-i culture. While no comparable figures are available for Canada, they are of general interest as indicating a trend which has caused serious concern to farmers on both sides of the boundary line.

The research officials found that during 1953, the average dairy farm family in,- weslern Wisconsin earned 56 cents an hour: for its labour, representing a 19 per cent. wage cut from their income in 1952, and this" in spite of the fact that net produc- tion was 17 per cent greater.

Farms covered in the survey averaged” 141 acres in size, with 60 acres of crop: land harvested. Stock consisted of a little lover 26 head of cattle per farm, 16 of which were cows and heifers of two years :and over. Each farm also contained about 1100 chickens and 11 pigs; crops harvested were com for both gram and silage, small grains, and hay. Total cash receipts per farm averaged 555,714, with total cash ex- Ipenditures of 533,656, which left a net cash farm income of .i2,058. In addition, the family received S656 in shelter and food, ,and inventory changes for crops, livestock, i and capital goods added another S452, mak- ling a total cash and capital gain for the 'year of 33,166. From this, an average lcharge for capital of fil1.152 was subtracted, 3,leaving a net return to the operator and ifamily labor of 312,014. To obtain these wages the family put in a total of 3,620 man-hours on the farm. Which adds up to one-third to one-half the wages paid to lClIy workers, who have no capital invest- ment involved.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Australia's Foundation Day (1778) C C C General Gordon, British soldier and adv minislrator, killed at Khartoum this date. 188.3.

C O I I

Managers of department stores and banks will take comfort from the report that Jap- anese girls, preparatory to taking up new duties as police station receptionists, are to enter these places of business for proper training ”in the finer points of gracious service."

O I

Although Sir Winston Churchill's fame as an author is in the field of history and biography he did have one novel published: ”Savroia” in 1895. It is now being produc- ed by a London Sunday newspaper. In the past Sir Winston was often confused with I distinguished American novelist of the same name.

IO 0

Forming I "safety chain" on thin ice is no easy operation, even for experienced adults. The Charlottetown boys who rescued their companion in this manner at the South- port. hatchery pond may have been aided by their light weight, but it was their pluck and Scout training that were the determining factors. Another moral to be drawn from the incident is that even pond ice at this leI-

son can be very dangerous. 0 O O

A

A veritable Noah'I Ark passed through Moncton recently in the shape ofpthree Cona- dian Natlonal express cars on the CNR "Sco- tlan" loaded with prize cattle, sheep, plgt, turkeys, hens and roosters and I gift pony en route from farms in Quebec. viI Hallfox,

II breeding stock by the Venezuelan govem- ment. Thogiftponyiofortheoonofthc president of that South American ropubllc. Durlngtheompovcrofthetnlniot Moncton,

S

in Their Hal"

PUBLIC FORUM i

til: oolu-I II Ipol to aim by none onden If lnlIreIL TI OI Iouu in out -I oorvonoudolu.

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY

Sir,-Those citizens of Charlotte- nwn. and in fact of ollr whole Province. who happen to be keenly interested in the welfare of our public library in Charlottetown. will likely read with considerable anxiety the recent announcement in the local press that the City Coun- cil contemplates establishing I bus terminal and travel bureau in con- nection with the west end of the Market. Building. They may justly fear that the parking spaces for all manner of vehicles may be extend- ed so close to the library building all to deprive it entirely of the seclusion and quietness that is so much to be desired in connection with I good library. They may also fear that the last vestige of lawn. or any other form of natural beauty. may be taken away from the library building that contains I

II II Ibo opinion If

very considerable ber of the world's masterpieces of literature within its four bare walls--and

ironically enough, the paintings. or at least most of the paintings of the Islandis famous Iriist.

Finally, these interested citizens may fear that in the extension of parking space, no room will be left for the extension of the library building, I thing that is most likely to be urgently required in the not too distant future. It is to be hoped therefore, that the City Council in planning for the bus terminal and travel bureau, will not be entirely blind and indifferent to the welfare of so important an institution as the present public library.

I am, Sir, etc..

A FREQUENT READER

Ecien's Tour

Of, The East

By W. N. Ewer United Kingdom Information Office -

Sir Anthony Eden's coming visit, after the meeting of the South East. Asia Defence Council in Bang-

'kok. to I number of other Asian

capital: II an event of symbolic

importance. Tu enty years ago. indeed ten years ago, such I visit by the

British Foreign Secretary would have been out of the question. For it. would have been pointless. Ex- cept for Persia, Siam and Iraq. all of Southern Asia was still under the rule of European powers. There were varying degrees of self-govern ment; hul. international relations of all stateI were decided in London and Paris. the Hague and Lisbon. Today except for Malaya and the liortuguese Territories in India, Southern Asia from the Levant to the Moluccas is composed of inde: pendent states. And had it not been for the Communist, Malaya would by now have been well on the way of independence.

This has been a major revolution in world affairs. And it. is one in the bringing about of which Great Britain has played I leading role. First came the ending of the Brit- ish Protectorate over Egypt. Then in succession the I nunciation of the Middle East "Mandates", the gr nt ing of full independence to in la. Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma, and of self - determination to the Sudan. Though Egypt and the Sudan are not in Asia, their story is part of the samo evolution from "Colon- ialism" to national independenc And so far II the British Empire is concerned. the whole of this vast change has come about with I minimum of armed conflict and bloodshed. Probably never in his-

The United States today faces greater risk of war with Red

1China than Ii. any time since the

Korean war. ended 18 months ago.

President Eisenhower Ind State Secretary Dulles Ire convinced thIt taking this risk. however, If- fol-ds the best long-range hope for peace in the Far East. It can be stated an excellent authority that both believe strongly in the prob- ability of peace.

In his mesugo to Congress

Calendar Change

(St. Catharlnes Standard)

CInIdI must soon make up her mind in regard to reform of the cal- discussed in the United Notions endar, for the Iubject will IgIin be within I few months. The mItt.or is now before the UN Ecoomic Ind social Council. Ind Ixpoctotions Ire that it will ho dealt with by Iprlng.

General Igreemenf on I cllollge in the colendur will undoubtedly bo difficult to secure. but if Iuch Illould occur the Iwitch could be made It the end of 1085. If not, the chnng would , t ” be poItpoll- ed until 1061 Ilnco our prount Jun. 1 muot fIll on I undoy for I Imootb ti-InIilion.

Bluest obstacle II thought to have been overcome with tho Ip- provol of tho new cIlIndIr by the Vulcan III! summer. Now main. crltlclom II condo IIIIII to be built Iround rIgulIrlly Ind monot- ony of July 1 IlwIyI folllng on I Sundoy or Chriotmoo on I Monday.

Off utling tblo is tho obvious Id- vontoge of regulu-ity in year-fur yIIr buIlIIIo Ind Iociol plonnlng.

Then to IlIc the Inn of I "free" day It the end of Iocb you when time ill Iunpondod from New YoIr'I gve for 14 hours until Now-YIIr'I

Iy. -

Under the propoIIl of the now cIlIodIr I you from now, if tho

Ilndtilprlnonvogovollrthionool,

u.s.--Red China Crisis

By John M. i Alloocilted Preu. Wnhlnglon

llightowor

Monday, Elscnhowc. put the issue squarely up to Red China: if the Reds start In Itlacx aimed at conquering Formosa. the U. S. is prepared to fight; if and when the Reds are ready for peace. the U. 5. is prepared to make peaco. 0 O O

The decisions which underlie this policy are decisions of I kind that the administration in the past has avoided, apparently in hope that the Reds would not press the issue to I Ihowdown.

several events thin month fo- cussed the problem of Formosa, the Chinese Nationalist seat of government. In gharply that Id- mlnlstration leadcrl decided I more clearly defined policy; was needed. Among them:

I. Leaders in tho new Demo- cratic-controlied Congress wanted to know the full extent of firm and po.cntlIl American commitment: in the Inn.

3. The Communinto engaged in I Iloody buildup of forces. oppo- Ilte Formon. Ind Polping kept repeating her intent to conduct the Ilillld.

I

I. Tho RedI diIplIyId Iffoctlve striking power in copturlng int week tho ImIll NItlonIliIt-held lo- lInd of Ytklongohon.

4. clung Kol-Ihek IppIIIId for 11.8. holp when tho Rod: Itoppod up IttIckI on tho Tocboll l.IlIndI. nIIr Tlklanuban but man im-

portant thou lt. Tho 'l'IchenI. zoo my

mlleo north of Formosa. In IlIo clou to tho Communist molnlond. Dulleo Ind Eiuuhowor lut week

tory has so great I revolution been achieved It so small I cost. I I O

symbolize the ”

Commonwealth Conference (tho came ship )

attended it as did Mr. Noel Baker, monwealth Relations.

and what he called the arc"

years of his life. And it was out of that Confer- ence that sprang the Colombo Plan.

countries themselves

United Kingdom Ind other Com- monwealth states Ind the United States.

But Sir Anthony's in I wider tour. He goes to these Common- wealth capltals - Colombo, Delhi and Karachi. and to two non- Commonwealth capitals Bang- kok Ind Rangoon. He goes to Singapore. And outside Asia to Cairo on the way out. Part of the importance of the journey lies in its wide scope.

0 O 0

Except for the Council meeting in H ' ' there are no formal lagendas, no i '

be settled. Tiu significance of the ,whole visit is precisely that the

foreign Secretary will not. only be discussing with AslIn Minister: matters of direct concern to their He Ind they will be consulting Ind exchanging views on I widespread rango of world

own countries.

affairs.

definite business to be done. Form- ally the meeting will not, I Inp- pose. be one of the Council of Ministers provided for in the truly signed It Manila last September. For the process of ratlflcotion of that treaty has not been com- pleted and the Council has II yet no legal existence. But that maku no practlcol difference. The For- eign Ministers of the eight IignI- tories will be there. Their purpose, the fulfilment of the provision: of the Manila Troaty Ind to Ixchonge views on matters Iffecllng the peace Ind Iecurlty of the Treaty Il-II". The eight Ire the United Kingdom, the United sum. Franco. Australia. New Zeulnlld, Pakistan,

groeo north lotltudo which, it may bo noted. oxcludoo Formon.

' O O I

Tho importance of tbiI moollnx lieu chiefly in tho foot that tho

no

sign lorlu

event of Irmod conlultodou on do- fonslvo mouumo if only. an-llory

other woy thII by leoveo tho Council

'IIld tho Tochenl woro not of via! "4

lmportouco to tho defonco of rormooo. .

OI 'l'hurIdIy Dulles bond Admi- rIl Arthur W. Rodford. chairman of tho Joint ehiofo of cool leaders that unpro-

lln . . '&.l.lW;..l': ?.t"?.S.:l.'l'.'lr'.&?i ever to Venezuela, S.A.. where they will be uoed

mo, told ,

Iidont wonlcd Iutboriutlou to no guy

And in I way the visit. of the British Foreign Secretary to these Asian capitals does sum up Ind Ind the new era of free co-operation. It is not quite the first visit. It was large- ly due to Ernest Bevin that the

first after the Asian Dominion: to. full Ind IquIl partner- was held in Colombo. And though already I sick man. he

then Secretary of State for Com- The co-opel-- ation between the free countries "great of the Indian Ocean was I major interest for him in tho last

widened later to include other than Commonwealth countries. of which the twin bases Ire economic co- operation between the South Asian and techni- cal assistance to tthem by the

matters for lolscussion, happily no disputes to

At Bangkok there in of course

I

I ' NOTES BY

WI IIIII tho IIIIII in our local lInaI Ind floldo. They Ix-I Itlll there. wo know. but more In not -'omInyofthImIowedonotIII them In often. They Ire I put of tho countrynidd. I welcome night on I ocndomion mud on I Inm- mel-'I morning Ind I beloved Ill- hcuottn on bluff Ind hiilIldI tint. can never be 1-opined. II more in tho country I moro chormlng sound thou the weary clump of horIaI' hoovu on I roId in the evening, and jingle of hI.l-nclo ful- ing into the distuncof One halal to think that the limo mIy come when this homely Iound will be heard no more in our country. A tractor, homeward chugging in weIry way" may be I pleasing sound for many. psrticulurly for thou of I mechanical turn of mind. But not for us. -71-Iamllton Spectator. . '