\

SEPTEMBER 1/2. I936 ;,_..__4_.-—-—- _- »_

rrrra =CHARLOTTETOWN _GUA'RlZl‘/_\_

scuttle. agave»:

FOR FARMERS’

“We I-Iave Known

SILVER ' TIP

Foods For Many Years.

We actually use them. Bread Meat for the pups as well as Cubes for the fur are highly recom- mended. v

To obtain nice fur and good breeders feed SIL- VER TIPP-H. Thibault.

Ask for information

from ranchers who feed SILVER TIP.

SILVER TIPI BlSfllilT 00.. LTD.

I\‘IUNC'I‘ON, NEW BRUNSWICK

Paul Hector Thibault, Child of ll. Thibault, Manager of La Renardierfl du Nerd "Deshiens and Talbot", Herbertville Sta- tion, Lake St. Jean, P. Q.

Lessons On Bird Protection

How The Children Can; Assist

Birds make cxcePcnt fricndsl h1g1.’ wnh an openmg “use inches The)‘ file “QTY lllwlv-‘llllll- llllll l'll°-l' | across. is suitabie for Flickcrs and yospollil readiLv to kindness aud| Screech Oyvls. For Purple Man-ms Plllieclwn" Mmll’ “l” blllllll lllldl a more elaborate structure with beaullllll lll “illwlllllllcoi ‘llllels lle‘! several compartments should be llFlll lls Wllll l'll“ll' 50"?“ alld llelll‘ i erected. All boxes should be solidly l3‘ llll olll" slllllll bllds we ll5°llll lll l built of rough material, with water- dv-‘lfolllli! llllllllllll lll-“Tlsi °l “Tedi tight. roof. and fcw or no open W945» 01‘ b°lll~ Ally lYJY Ol‘ illll cracks. Boxes built of boards onc- wlll enjoy bird friends alld the ‘ halt mch m. one inch thick Me pre_

STOCK BREEDERS AND GARDENERS

i i

zvswsv NOTES

l, ............

TIMES CHANGES

Our "meat-man" Week’ and 11s he drove away the other day I said to myself: “Here

two generations, while

Village where I spent my early yeflrs there was but one butcher and

tTyside. He delivered the mean w ll-‘l °ll a Frldfly. and that was the

l0 buy the Sunday's roast The “meat-cart" was a two-wheel- ed vehicle (as were most, 0f the lisht- wagons of that day.) and 1t llalTlf-‘d a kind of arched cupboard with a falling door at; the back. To increase its area it had a single shelf half-wag ‘up, and was no dfleper than one‘s arm could reach. Evflfybody turned out to see what the meat-man had-cats included. Another but more irregular visi- tor was the salt man. He travelled over the greater part of the county, with a kind of flat cart, peddling “ll- Y°ll- who 80 to the store and Durchase a canister of refined salt, all ready for use. would have to acquire a new technique to deal with a bfock of salt: eighteen inches ‘lilll’! 811d eight inches square at the ends. This block was of salt crys- fflls very difficult to separate; and the custom was to scrape sllfflcleni; from the end. to satisfy the immed-

iate need. with an old knife keptl

for the purpose. When the dull sog- gy weather set in, the block had

is one ‘custom that has survived for wiiter-palls. kept from her dress 4 so many by a "girth" or iron hoop, have gone into the discard." In the: some relieved the sprain

he supplied ‘he Slllmlflldlns coun- l handles of the buckets. As our well

:5" illalhlglengvns from home; serv-Qdo not think there was as much lllcllefs $11011 on the i exaggeration and misrepresentation r ays for those who pretexrerleélyas in paces I have heard of! The thi- question ivhcther yeast i}, n99.

TIIELY NOTES ON TOPICS

ifluhst to silver fox ranchers or utlc-

ers interested. The information rel- ‘ZILIVD to animal feeding has. been ipr-eparcd by W. Crainpioii, As- '.‘.0CliIl-('-.I)TUIP.S5OI‘ of Annual Nutri- ‘K1011, Macdonald College, Qliln, d, ljfccgli-lnizcd authority on this sub- . was a great place for gossip, but; I.

and on their y arm; by a rope running across their . shoulders and hooking on to the

ylay midway between two villages. it

As a great many cf our fox rau- chcr ITIFDCIS have asked ill-Tmselves

villagers saved every drop of rain water that they could. for washing 610N195. etc.. but that too is an obsolete custom since the local Councils (after closing the wells) have in modern times conducted water from the public reservoirs to every inhabited house in the vil- lages.

U‘ 0r not. perhaps it ivcuid l3!‘-

~ l° Si"! extracts from th

Presenting the Rfglllncllis I“ .

‘ WHAT IS YE.‘\sT?—Y(‘§ls§ is a iovm of plant 11ft‘. In the iilaliufaiz. {"5 of bier. yeast is uscl to fl-lilllilf‘ "Will #11211?» to alcohol. i. e. y to cause fcrnloiv. ' on. The prrlfrsll. results iii

NATURE NOTES

It is a long time since we had so general an invasion of garden: I _ _ stuff by aphids or plant lice. as““°"°“ “l Wet» "Plus 1s seimwcd they are popularly called. They are {will m“ Mlle." pmlucls ‘ll ll" even infesting the shade trees.‘ giijlinihallll ‘mild m bemme Dlleil mostly on the tender tips of the‘ MR1» li‘i'i<l_ branches from which the)’ lbstract Y FEED "FlAsT?—'l'll°lll~’ll the sap. This weakens the branch which dies during the succeeding winter These troublesome insects have a most singular life-history. The egg. lying dormant over win- ter, hatches out in spring, and in every case a, female aphid is pro- duced. but. it is what is called an

used in sufficient quantitv. yeast is mole often used ill relatively small amounts for its properties nine;- thflll 95"?!’ and protein. being a plant, is able to synthesize. Ol" llllllll 11h. certain substances which are nutritionally essential to the life and well-being of all ani-

_ f.'l'i7\'.'ll.' and milltiplitxi-l lion of the yeast originally added, lliice. (‘fllllfxitlll il with the lIl1lll-' llIllClLITl‘ of beer ilicfe is n pi~o-‘

quite .i llil .d Shin-Ur of protein why.“ y

Yeast, -

many pleasant hours.

birds will help the children pass‘

How can we attract our friends, the birds. to live about our homes: [0 that they will destroy as many‘ as possible of the insects that trou- ble us? ‘

Both boy; and girls can help. in‘ many ways in this work by Dro-.. acting our birds. ‘In the first placel you can befriend them during the: mowy winter months by putting: out hrs of suet. linysecd or crumbs. l A good idea is to build a small shelf . in a sheltered spot in your yard. or garden. Black-capped Chicks-l dees will probably.‘ be your mostl frequent, nlid desirable uuests. l

Not. iininy native birds can be! attracted to live in summer in the; qloselv built-up sections of the cit-g tes. A few Nighthawks may layl their eggs on pebble-covered roofs,l and numbers of ehiiuiicyi swiits may l nest in illiilflCfi cllinlucys. but most other native birds will refuse toi live where there are no green leav-l es. but hordes of House Sparrows.‘ rows and rows of brick and stone, buildings, and the continual distur-'

ferable to flimsy constructions of shingles. They should be placed where rain \\'llI. not drive into the entrance-hole. Old varnish tins, kerosene cans, apple cans, 0l.' fun- nels may be also placed as homes for birds, and will often be accept». ed. They should not be placed where they will receive the direct rays of the sun in the warm part of the day, and tllcy should have no sharp edges on which birds may injure themselves, More elaborate and artistic boxes may be' con- structed cr purchased i! desired. Robins, bluebirds, orioles, fly-

catchers and other birds may often be encouraged and assisted in nest

w be removed to warmer quarters '11s it got mushy and difficult to scrape; besides which it would lose its savor.

The village stores. or which there Were lhYf-‘(H all dealt in an astonish- ing variety of commodities. very few indeed of which were packet- ed as they now are. Take tea, for instance. The merchant carried sev- cral grades. in canisters resembling oui- cream cans, standing on shelves ill» head height. When asked for a pound of tea, he lugged down the canister, and with a scoop, put the required quantity into a paper bag on the scales. some of the poorer

“lmpei-fect" female. Such females produce, "parthenogenetlcally" and “viviparously? other imperfect fe- males all summer long. Not, until the cool weather of late autumn do both sexes appear—usually winged- and after fertilization the perfect females lay eggs to begin the cycle anew.

Parthenogenesis-that is. repro- duction without the intervention of the maie~ls relatively common amongst insects. and l5 a normal state-of things amongst the aphids in summer. As a rule irrects are pro- duced from eggs. but‘ certain flies, as Well as the aphids. deviate from the normal type by expelling the

peolfe bought a few penceworth at a time and this was delivered to them in a cone-shaped "paper,"

building by a ready supply of build- ing material, Try putting out such materials as mud. string, cotton, bits of cloth. bits of paper, feathers. and straw. on lawn or bushes, for the birds and watch closely to see which kind of bird prefers one mat- crial and which another for hcuse-

buildmg‘ l mflslbd berries; and every well-tc-do It is of no use to Mtrect blrds g family had a. little “coffee mill." a about our schools or our homes ii’ kind of grinder with a lime draw.

was rather less than half the Brit- ish price, but it has equalized

the pound-but: in the form of

young from tho parents body alive —Liat is to say, viviparously. The ant-traps have yielded two

dwhen I came here in i910 I was l distinct species oi’ wasps this week. surprised to find tea so cheap: it The smaller wasp

was a melanic specimen of the “common 'wasp" Vespa communis of Saussure; and

since then.) Coffee also was sold by . for the benefit of my younger read-

iyers I will quote from an excellent i paper by the late F. W. L. Sladen. "Eyes touching or nearly touching

mandibles; scope entirely black in

inals——Vitamiils. sifflnggly enough animals are uualfe to manufac- ture these substances vital to thcm "1111 must depend on plants for , them.

i WHAT ARE VITAMINSil-Jt llfls been known for s-evcral VPBYS that animals restricted m ‘dirk; 6011310595 entirely of pilrified food substances such as sugars. starchcs. fel-s- Proteins and salt. mu m thrive. Many conditions oi din ease and uutllriftincss develop soon after animals are confined in such rations. These are relieved only by the inclusion in the diets of cor- tain silbstances found in natural foods, which we now call Vllflffllllfi. lThe quantity of these _~n<-(-,¢_<5n,-y lfoorl substances" required to pre- ivent the onset of these diseases. or to cure tli-cnl once present. are al- most unbelievably small. being mea- sured in fractions of n gmm_ Hen”, it is evident that they add nothins to the energy value of th food. we Wally don't know much about these substances other than bv the non- ‘(IIIIOIIS which inevitably follow their absence from the dict. ‘y, How Ylley accomplish their eascntlfil dut-

- ' bed of

huh.“ OI a Guy they are in be killed ‘or rob liiaiiy birds may be attracted. ‘mew eggs more‘ ‘lug?’ l5 ‘Isms; ‘t’: however, to the vicinity of parksglllllke “place “lilac l9 to .0 r ‘and then not protect the bird vis-

gnrdelis, tree-lined srects. suburbs. . _ _ villages and farms. Try to attract. if "fill: nflllidgnecrimggdlgglgénlacixllist it? possible. the birds about your school I ‘Eno-tst the useful native birds if

lud your home. Trees. shrubbery.} grasslands, and small water areas; will provide vegetable food fior birds and will also attract the insects on: which many birds prefer to feed. Adiliiional food, such as gram and‘, weed seed. may be scattered inl sheltered places in early spring,‘ purl may cause some birds to re- miiiu in the vicinity for the suin- DWI‘.

A good supply of water will help greatly in attracting tllc birds. Ifl shallow running water ' '

we are to have birds for our friends.

kill birds, and they must be kept away from any sanctuary we wish to create, if it is to be indeed i1 sanctuary. A cat-proof fence is flllll" er costly and difficult to maintain. It is best to dispose humanely of vaflftbOlid cats, and to keep pet cats from roaming at large, particularly during the nesting season. Crows, jays and red squirrels destroy many lyoung birds andbe DUES‘ eggs? lull y. . _ ._ no such they must not a ow 0 - 3:11‘: i:1r:.:"..‘ilfl come 11 gym be provided, and any boy or Blfl hale "lfmy 0f m“ slgaghuse félymgesci can make one and enjoy the fun C°°P°l$~ HRWk“ ‘m d ltuglzrds and 0f watching the birds bathe X1111‘! Hawks “awn the an“ ed m ' nest drink, It may be made of a sllnl- l-lley Calm?‘ b" it‘ ow 101-1‘ pail or dish. a5 large us is con- l 11081‘ fllW blld 5311c “at? . “ch vciiiciit. The water in it should bel By the general f1<l0l1 10:11 0; Lie h about two inches dccp on one sidel "Walls Till‘ ‘llllwlmg anhofié‘) 51d and not more than hull an inch 111s birds illxllll °lll' 50h d . bye deep on the other. This can bc M- llomes’ a‘ He“ and 1:605 efilraour TP-Illlvfl by blocking up ouo side oil lllclicase l“ we m? “d one. rs the panfor by placing a lavcr oflwY111Y1011 bird {zrienbg {inn is a?“ Dvbblcs in the bottom. sloliiiliz Uflycall be bmugh . a ulyfl ‘y d“; toward one side, if running water. "M955 ‘me cf,“ iwe $10 s? {W “llliili i.vixen“%.."i.:;*°.:la‘.;‘ isle-owls- will be constantly chansliig, i5‘ not“ ti; yigreasc the Work "0111 the water should be chaullc n ‘ v ‘ ‘ t- li-iist once a day. Tile blilh sllolllcif wzfghiltihifgsflglotétqif lzfiltyolflrgfl-l be on an opcii lawn. or on top o 1 _ '~ n. post five or six feet high.‘ where lfilllll wlllelllllll: Qlellglvmeacgeega: cats and ‘other enemies 0f birds l lgrfllghgilygrgt sbhni- appeal‘ cannot surprise the bothers. . . - Trees and tangles of shrubbcryfillc" “lldpmle 310m lsggvgo 35;‘; Sllilhlv places for the nests of many how regu arly t $10k ‘or mom on "ml-s Shelves nailed up 11nd" °-“" l ‘mi mo“ kiegm nil should set B lot .5‘ poi-mu‘ m‘ sheds ‘my be ‘wed cvrialn da 05b “sceln them return. by Robin and Phoebcs iis founda~°l llknsilre y ll gr arents and tions for their home. Brackets fast-l. W111 Sllmlld l“ 5&9 £20 Birds cued to barn rafters will cftenl lllfllds about’ meT lllgrthcmy about lllense the barn swallows. and long. Ctlllllflllm“ Act" (‘bout the illegal lllllhs nai‘cd under wide barn eavcsl lllP “Md scllsinls‘ “of Shooung Ab will assist the Cliff Swallows tol mclllml“ “ml ‘m; me namés o; piece their mud nests securely. Asl 5° ll?’ l0 remem r

. . ~11 'hich are specially pre- slums aPDroochcs put out nesiiiuz. thofe b11 s ‘l they are gem“! .0

cr for the ground coffee to fall in- ‘to. Soap fcr laundry use in. the lfcrm of bars. a foot or more long 01nd three inches square at the

lends; a popular kind was “mottled ysoap." which had intense blue . marblings running through it.

‘Tilt-rd were also one or two milder

Cuts. even tho best of C1115. lllie W l varieties of “cake soap" for use on,

l the hands and face. but these were dear, and not generally used by the vlfagers. A chunk from the bar did just as well.

Potatoes were the only vegetables sold by our village grocers. for al- most everybody had a garden which kept him (or her) well supplied with other truck. At Christmas, ap- ples, oranges. and nut; ‘made their appearance, and lent a gay look to the shop windows, such as never appeared at any other time. This was the only attempt. at window dressing, and its rarity made it doubly attractive to us youngsters.

On the counter inside one was sure to find two inclispcnsible artic-

a gallon at least, was "hair oil," a bland oil o.’ some kind. mixed with a perfume that "smelled to high heaven." The use of hair oil, I think was confined to the mac part of the population; at any rate I never

cies went in for it.

oil in: on arriving at home about table-spoonful of the hair-oil was run into the palm of the hand and applied to the hair which was thus "plastered down" to the scalp. The other artlcfo sure to be on

smaller thllllill 25 lb. bag 0| flour.

.T]le yeast had been compressed in- to i-he bog and was almost ,putt_v; and you bought a perinorth

or two-penilorth. as the case might ‘ commonly applied

be. Tile grocer dug out a chunk a knife. lapped it in paper “there you are!“ No round tins of "shoe-polish" those days: you call- ed it, “blocking” and bought it. as a bar, lapped in waxed palm‘. Al- ways an old saucer W115 kept as re- ceptacle for the blackillZ.

les. In a large glass bottle. holding; at Lyle Brook Road. The nearestl

l l

l

ncufer iworkeri and fema'e;“ first abdominal segment (next. body)‘ ' - . - with a yellow posterior margin. srtiiiinlingygflrlmlpp‘ ndjmtmcnt is notched centrally with a minute! i Ql____

black Tlollcll- Th" 0th" YCllQWi. ‘The chemical nature of some of stripes are narrow with black em- them has been discovered’. ho\v_ bliyed. The body is more extensive wcr. so that we now are able ii iy black in this melanic variety. The lzive one or two of them specific other species was Vespa diabolicn names. More commonlv. though, Sauss, in which the eyes do not‘ the vitamins are still ‘known hv reach down to the mandibles. and . ll‘l(‘ll‘ letter designations, or bv thc the markings are ycl‘ow. In thief-specific function Wlih which‘ ilicv case the yellow band on the first "we concerned in the body. Tod. segment is interrupted or broken -\" vlrdmlus are recognized as inl-

ics in keeping tlic lcdv machinery

in the middle. and the antciinzicllmf-‘f are shell-pink (testaccous )beneath.i Wmmlfl A or anti-infective vita- The wasps (of which we have eight l. mlll~ known spgcjgg) 01m- a confide)“; VitamiilB or antineilritle vita- abie field for research to t-hoseimlll- brave enough to tackle them! 1 Vitamin C oi- antlscorbuilc vita-

I am glad ‘to sec a revived inter-

rum. est m our birdJn-el A tfldy 1.85m“ Vitamin D or aniirachitic

lug at Sumlnerside. writes: "One ymlllj . _ _ v day recently we saw a wonderful; yltllml“ C‘ or anhllflllagr“ “u” .'ht.btI tiilu rtl f ' . tige ideliiltity girl zllarggcengultlrati-lmxfitnmln F’ or miismrmtl’ Wm‘

colored bird standing tall in the; forget-me-nois encircling a stream‘

still other viiamins but they need l not concern us licrc. Also ii. should ' be noted that. while the vitamins‘ are fivquculy designated according

approach to identification, it sceni- ed to me. was the Clapper Rail: but I can‘: be positive if that bird comes hcreJIt was rattler uncon-

heard that the female of the spe- ‘small crossing very near. He tiirn- One had food his back on Us but as he turn- take o. bottle to the shop to get the ‘ed and finally darted into the sha- a1 dows I saw white over his eye and

counter. was a bag of yeast. a little . that."

l l

to some .necii"u' rofc wll ll the":

cerned though we stopped on a

before entitling the noise it twists and jerks us neck in a ludicrous siniilitudu of retelling!

a. bit 0n his breast. The beak wasi Tlle birds are astii- at daybreak‘

keep some of the insects for iden- tificatioii.

The Pale Coijvtirilis, whose seed was kindly sent inc last year. by Mr. Lud'ow tlPlllilllg of Marslilicld. is one of our native plants. and is

College, the ilaine "Marsh Hen" is also applied to the American Coot (The Bulletin gives the Coot as a visitor at that iime—l9l6-but a recent survey has not brought to

bores about your homo and schooll tflclfil ll“"“l5°

Grounds. These you can make your-

- 597K A rough box about eight inches

111ml. six inches wide. and Six inches‘ lllllh. with an opening about 0110 and one-lull.‘ inches in diameter in- onc end» wi‘l please the Tree Swal-l low. Bluebird. Chickadee or Nut-i hatch, It should be pieced on Lllfii side of a building or on o. pole ten: to twenty feet high, so that catsl cannot get at it. sometimes cats will i climb a bare pole. but if it is sheath- Pd for about three feet, at a height nf three to six feet from the ground. With tin (ivhicli may be cut from hid tin cans» cats cannot c'lmb it. House sparrow must not be allow- eti to lake l sion of the boxes, they wi‘l f ivc away the other than they. If they are troublcso um, birds, more useful and beautiful it is best to get rid of them by iudlcictis shooting. or by 0111611118 thrm in boxes at dusk. A box five inches long. our inches wide. and three or four inches high, with an Opening as large as a twenty-five cent piece. will. do very well for the YHOUse Wren. A box eleven or twelve

You will have noticed that every- thing possible was sofd in bars. This. I think, came o.‘ t-he ease‘ and economy in packing that form‘. of goods for transport: it is easyl to pack bars very closely. This, and l the absence of a can or wraPWY-l, made it possible for our Rrflfldlmf- ents to purchase many household‘, necessities at prices that would be: startling today. Modern business, practice has evolved the fancy: container containing half the; quantity at three times the price.; And the recipes for many of the‘ patented articles may be found in ancient "household management" books of grandmothers day. where they lay donnant till some Mill"! busines firm took hold of them-