THE GUARDIAN

Published ovary wash-day morning If no Prince llroel. Char i loftnlowu. P. E. by The Thomson Company umlted. p

'Covon Prlu 0 El urd IIIIII Lilo lbs Dow” Editor and Mansur. Ian A Burnett. Associate Editor. Fran Wllkls lunch office: at . Mouluun and Alblrton. Auuioi lud u smaa Clue llpnlluby the Post Office Department. is.

louotovn. Sumnunldo I.l5.W pox Innuni Else 311.09

I! Clrrlu: L when In P. E. l 89.00. other Provinces and U. I. A. DE! IIDIIHI. "The strongest memo , Is weaker than the weakest Ink.”

ruvnsmv. Nov: 37 1954

A4 :.....m-.s.i,

Man In A Harry

The whirlwind visits to Ottawa and; Washington of M. Mendes-France, Premier: of France, leave no very clear impressions other than that of a man in a desperate hurry. His failure, in the diplomatic as well as in the economic sphere, to emerge? with a clear-cut plan indicating where he is! going, has already led critics to denounce him for having formulated no discern-able policies and his friends to view him with suspicion and reserve. !

What so superficial an appraisal of M.i Mendes-France overlooks is that he is the victim of circumstances which leave him no immediate alternative but to appear in the very role in which he is cast. When M. Mendes-France took office, his country was wobbling indecisively between the two grim alternatives of stagnation versus the return of the Communists to a position of power in a dangerous ”front populaire." The French Premier's strength. up to now, has, rested on the very fact that he has been able to avoid defining set policies which could become the subject of controversy,l and which, almost certainly, would have led once again to a return to the political stagnation which has bedevilled France ever since the end of World War II.

Instead of policies, M. Mendes-France has given the people of his country what they wanted - an end to the hopeless struggle in Indo-China, a forthright attemptj to end the troubles in French North Africa,i and an alternative to the abortive European, Defence Community. In so doing, however much one may doubt the intrinsic merits of his achievements, he has succeeded in: stealing the Communists' best thunder and, has done much to restore to the French peo-3 pie their sense of self-respect, so essential to their national well-being and progress;

As an economist turned diplomat, M, Mendes-France has already demonstrated; both acumen and adroitness. It now re-, mains to see whether in the domestic sphere, as he sets about the task of putting France's economic house in order, he can be as dramatic and persuasive as he has. been on the diplomatic front.

St. Paul's

Grave anxieties about the condition of St. Paul's Cathedral in London have led to, the launching of a campaign and to the set- ting up of a trust, of which the Lord Mayor and the Governor of the Bank of England are trustees. The cathedral is still disfig- ured by the havoc caused by bombs in the last. world war, and among other causes for concern are the death-watch beetle which threatens the famed structurels timbers.

As the London Times points out, St. Paul's has many claims upon the reverence of the nation, and upon many beyond its boundaries.

There have been three cathedrals on. Ludgate Hill, of which two perished by fire and this last was marvcllously delivered in: our own time. The beginnings go back to the day when Mellitus, only seven years from the landing of St. Augustine, became in 604 the first bishop of the East Saxons,, and placed his see on the loftiest spot of old Londinium. '

"There need be no contest for pre-, eminence," says the Times, ”bc.-tween West-I minster Abbey and St. Paul's; both are far too venerable. The Abbey was regulaiyi the Cathedral secular. Where Westminster is the church of the monarchy, St. Paul's is the church of the people; but by long custom Kings and Queens come to St. Paul's to share the people's worship on occasions of great sorrow or great joy. Where VVe.4l- minster frames the dedication of affairs of state, St. Paul's lifts the sign of the cross, in the midst of the most crowded scenes of; daily labour-and lifted it also with grand-.' eur and consolation above the flame and clangour of war on a memorable night fourteen years ago. In a sense it is a peculiarly English shrine, but famous Scots are buried there, and in its crypt is the, memorial to that gallant, hotly. the Royal Irish ,Constabulary, because repiiblicmr Dublin has no place to do them honour. It; might be accounted a. monument for the; United Kingdom alone; yet the national heroes who are buried or commemoralndi there, from Nelson and Wellington to T. E. Lawrence, are of more than in.:ular framcf

"So the appeal of St. Paul's Catliedrgil is to all who care for a Christian England and a Christian Empire, or even are con-, cerned that a supreme work of art shall be: preserved for posterity. Though in the daysl of bombardment the fabric was splendidlyj served by devoted watchers and was spar-3

, House or the other, it was only natural that

soon remain in the Senate to help carry

ed irreparable damage, parts of it were grievously wounded by the bombs and have still to be restored. The Chapter House was gutted, and must be refitted as work- ing headquarters of one of the busiest cap- itular bodies of the Church of England. The choristers of St. Paul's have a tradition dear to all lovers of sacred music; and their recent tour in the United States, which forged a new link of harmony between two nations, is still fresh in memory. But the school where they are trained is mark- ed for demolition, and a new building-must be provided. To do all this, now that the value of the money in which the Cath- edral endowments are measured has so catastnophically declined, is far beyond the resources of the Chapter; and it has become necessary to ask both for a sum of 15400,- O00 for expenditure on immediate repairs and for an addition of i20,000 to the an- nual income of the Cathedral."

An Altriilstlc Act

There a1'e occasions when an individual must be prepared to forego a lucrative ap-

, pointment for the good of the political party

of which he is a member. One such occas- ion came to light recently in the case of Senator Frederick G. Payne, Republican from Maine. Mr. Payne, who served as Governor of his State prior to his election to the Senate, was an accountant by pro- fession before he entered politics. Last Spring the Controller-General of the Uni- ted States retired from his post; and, since Senator Payne happened to be the only experienced accountant in Congress, the post usually goes to a member of one

the President should consider him for the appointment. ticularly arduous office; but it carries an annual salary of b17,500 and a 15-year tenure. Mr. Payne, being a good Repub- lican and, therefore, responsive to the wishes of his chief, and understanding well the uncertainties of political life, even in Maine, probably would have accepted the President's offer, had it been forthcoming; although he did say that he would just as

out the President's program.

At that time, however, the Republicans were so short-handed in the Upper Cham- bcr that it was decided to let the post re- main vacant until aftcr the November elec- tions. As it turned out, of course, the Republican position in the Senate is not as good now as it was in the Spring. Conse- quently, by mutual agreement, the account- ant-Senator will remain where he is and see the Controller's job go to somebody outside the Upper House. Perhaps it was a disappointment to Mr. Payne; if so, it cer- tainly is nothing to his discredit. But, after all, the team's welfare must come before that of the individual player. The Senator

Apparently, it is not a par-I

and i

i

has done his duty; doubtless, at some more opportune time, his altruistic act will bcf remembered and will receive its due reward.i

EDITORIAL NOTES

A live coelecanth, considered an im- portant link in the evolution of mammals, was captured in the Cororo archipel- ago, off Madagascar, according to a French news agency. Thought to be long extinct, a number of these creatures have been re-

.portcd recently but this is the first to DC

taken alive. I I 0

Amelita Galli-Curci, Italo-American col- oratura soprano, was born at Milan this date 1889. She studied music there but was self-taught as a singer. She made her U. S. A. debut in Chicago as Gilda in Rigo- letto in 1916 and gave many performances

at the Metropolitan Opera House in New

York. She made a wide reputation through the medium of recordings.

Sponsorship of next month's Rdd Cr.oss blood donor clinic in the city by the Char- lottetown Branch of the Legion should go far towards making a success of the Island clinics which require no less than 1200 don- ors at this time. Lcgionaircs themselves are not backward in serving their fellows and can call upon the public with good grace.

0 0 Q

Finance Minister Walter Harris has ex- pressed amazement that Canadians allow the Federal and other Governments to take away from them nearly one-third of their incomes. Put. that way it really is amazing, but taxation experts have been studying for years means of painlessly separating the taxpayer from his money.

I O 0

Premium rates for lobster trap insurance will be slightly increased and mdemnities slightly reduced in Bay of Fundy and south- west Nova Scotian areas, reports the bu!- letln of the Fisheries Council of Canada. ftates in other areas will also be examined because the Government paid out 3.46.110 in claims while taking in only 511,722 in premiums in the Maritime area. The areas of heavy losses, however, are these with a long season rather than the short season typical of this Province.

Fiizits J

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44 Years Before Edison

(Gerald Kloss In The Milwaukee Journal)

While North America this Fat honors the memory of Thomas Edi- son for the invention of the elec- tric lizht 75 years ago. a nod of appreciation might also be thrown in the direction of Dundee, Scot- land. There occurred the first pub- lic demonstration of an electric light - 44 years before Edison pro- duced his first practical model.

"The light in beauty surpasses all others." ran the description in the Dundee Advertiser of July 31, 1835. "It. has no smell, emits no smoke, is incapable of explosion, and, not requiring air for combus- tion, can be kept in scaled glass jars . . . "

The inventor was an unsung gen- ius, Jamcs Bowman Lindsay, who not only preceded Edison on the electric light but also patented a pibcess of wireless telegraphy four decades before Marconi started his experiments. Lindsay's failure to achieve a reputation -or a for- tune -- was due to his versatility. Before seeing one project through, he usually was embarked on sev- eral others in different fields.

As it turned out. Lindsay's famc barely reached the outskirts of Dundee, where he was a school teacher most of his life. A mod- est, unassuming bachelor, he did his work in three small rooms, cluttered with books and scientific

apparatus. 0 C I

His first big project was not- in the field of science. In 1828-- at the age of 29 -4 he started coni- piling a superdictionary of words in 107 languages and dialects. This was to include such tongues as Manx, Tibetan, Coptic, Tonga, Kur- dish, Susu, Raratongan and Madagascan, as well as the better

known languages of the world, living or dead. For more than 25 years. he

spent all his spare time doing re- search and writing the huge tome, to which he gave an appropi-iatcly grand title. the ”Pent.ccontaglnssal dictionary." Ho was known to have walked 50 miles to the Advocates" library in Edinburgh to get the sound and meaning of I single Chinese character.

In 1846, Lindsay produced a "Pentecontaglossal Paternoster.” giving the Lord's Prayer in 50 languages. The unfinished manu- script of his dictionary was given to the Dundee public library after his death.

Lindsay's experiments in elec- tricity began in l832. After three years he produced his first. work- able model of an electric light us- ing a primitive battery for power. In a letter to the Dundee Adver- tiser in the Fall of 1835 he wrote:

"I am writing this letter by means of the light at six or eight inches distant. and at the present. moment can mad a book at the distance of one and one-half feet. From the same apparatus. I can get two or three lights, each of which is fit for reading with."

In the same letter, he made

some predictions on the use oil

electric lights: '

"On its introduction to spin-5 ning mills, conflagratlnns their will be unheard of. Its beauty

will recommend il.,to the fashion- able. Being capable of surpassing, all lights in splendor, it will be, used in lighthouses and for tele-

graphs. The present generation mayl yet have it burning in their housesi anal enlightening their streets . .

0 I I

humble school teacher? nnly pub-

No technical description of Lind-l say's light has been found. so Ii:

cannot be compared to Edison's first incandescent lamp.

But his wireless telegraphy sys- tem was given wider notice.

Instead of sending signals through the air, Lindsay used bodies of water for a medium. In 1853 he sent I current across a small pond. The Dundee Adver- tiser. ever willing to boost the home town inventor. remarked:

"The experiment removes all doubt. of the practicability of Mr l.lndsay's invention: and there i: every reason to think that it will

soon connect continent with con-,

tinent." By increasing the size of

found that he could transmit a

signal across two miles of water. He patented the process in 1854. According to hit calculations.

im-l mersed batteries and plates, hci

the Atlantic ocean could be bridged by a wireless signal if the bat.- tcry, plates and other equipment were large enough - a battery of 130 square feet, for example. To him goes the honor of being the first man to suggest wireless coin- munication between England and America.

He also invented electric weld- ing (1845), published a book on astronomy (1858) and a pamphlet on baptism (I861).

He died in 18-62. This timid, lic recognition was an annual pen- sion of 13100, which was granted by the government, at the behest of his friends, in 1858, "in rc- cognition of his great learning and cxtraordirlary attainments.”

A granite monument was crccleri in his memory at Dundee in 1901. The inscription closes: "An incomp- lished scientist; a profound- stu-

dent; an earnest Christian."

Vie

FROM "THE COMFORTEIIS"

Until thy feet have trod the Road Advise not wayside folk, Nor till thy back has borne the Load Break it upon the broke. I

Chase not with undesired lai-gessc Of sympathy the heart Which, knowing her own bitterness. Presumes to dwell apart.

Employ not that ;la.d hand to raise The God-forgotten head To Heaven and all the neighbours gaze- Cover thiy mouth instead.

The quivering chin. the bitten lip, The cold and sweating brow. Later may yearn for fellowship - Not now, you ass, not now!

Time, not thy ne'er so timely speech, Life, not thy views thereon, Shall furnish or deny to each His consolation. -Rudyard Kipling.

NOTES BY

Superior is the only one of the Great Lakes whose name has no Indian assoclatloii. French explor- ers railed it. "le lac superieur," the upper lake. Huron took its name from the Huron tribes; Michigan came from the Algonguin word meaning ”wide waste." Eric may have been radian for "long-tailed Cale." Oritario is from the Iroquois, moaning "beautiful water."

-Mount. Forest Confederate.

Legislation to make all bumpers striiidard height is being urged by the Ontario Insurance Agents As- sociation. It. is a good idea and should be made to include the put.- ting ,of rear bumpers all trucks which have platforms that are pariiculnrly dangerous when a passenger car strikes them from the rear. -(Fort Arthur News- Chronicle.

Latest developments on the crime front present some interesting items. Scotland Yard reports the growing menace of the "television burglar" who works freely in the other parts of the house while the family is glued to the TV receiver in the living room. The bet.t.er.”tele- vision burglar" has to be something of a critic. He must be able to rate the programs being offered with it conipetent. eye. Only ri really good show offers him the best opportun- ity txi ransack the rest. of the house.

-Amherst. News.

In 1951. diagnostic English tests of University of Toronto students in all four years showed 05 per cent of the students failing in these tests. 'l'lic tests were an experiment, undertaken to determine the jus- tlcc or otherwise of criticisms that students were lacking in command

of their own language. Since then

THE WAY

the tests have been comlnued with the freshmen classes of University College only. In 1952. there were 43 per cent. failures, shaded to 42.8 per cent in 1953. This year, only 23.4 per cent. of the freshmen fall- ed. But, out. of 491 students, only 29 received A's. 87 13's. I91 0's and 69 D's with 115 failures. -Chain ham Daily News.

Ask most people that, ma yau invite the scornful answer; "Not mcl"' And as a popular idea of suints and salntlinesss is based largely on wishy-washy and anemic pictures and fanciful stained glass windows in which unreailty could hardly 80 further. one can't. quite blame, the man in the street for rejectiiig an invitation to become a. saint. Saints just. don't seem in "click" with real life. Now it so happens that November is peculiar- ly ii month of saints. It opens with All ,Balnt's Day and ends with St. Andrew's Day. It includes the festi- vial of the great soldier-saint, Mar- tin of Tours, which by a happy coincidence is also Remembrance Day. This business of saints sure- ly merits 9. little thought at this time of year. -Sunla Ob. server.

i The Age Old Story

I will greatly rejoice in the Lord, my soul shall be foyfnl in my God; for he hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath cov- ered me with the robe of righteous- ness, as u bridegroom declieth him- self with ornaments. and u a bride mlometli herself with her jewels.

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Page 4

This one comes from the United sum: Information Auncy. This includes the Voice of America which has the Job of broadcasting American and free world infor- mation to countries which are "on the fence" between Communism and Western Democracy and even to countries behind the Iron and Bamboo Curtains. Upward: of 10,000 persons are employed by the Agency. About 2500 of these are I! work in the continental United States; the others are an- gaged abroad, many of them be- ing citizens of the countries in which they work.

Most of the officials are suppos- ed to be specialists in fields like public affairs, libraries, radio, motion pictures. and the press; these are divided into sub-divls- ions which include every possible source of information. Because of the important place the United States occupies these days in free world affairs it is of tremendous concern to us all that the U. S. I. A. and its many subsidiaries should function well. The infor- mation distributed must be care- fully prepared and well presented it it is to have any counteracting influence on Communist propa- ganda which never ceases; and that, of course, is its purpose.

. n o

Now comes word from the dir- ector of the U.S.I.A. that the

Agency is not. working well. be- cause of increasing difficulty in finding and retaining properly

qualified personnel. At the pre-

sent time. he, says. there are m a n y vacancies in important posts. Rcslgnations are being

handed in all the time. Other of- ficials are just holding on until something more to their liking turns up. In short, the morale of the, organization is not as strong as efficiency and thoroughness de- mand.

Things were so gloomy a few weeks ago that the director clos- ed the Washington office for one day and sent all the, employees out looking for applicants. The result of this innovation has not yet been determined; it seems unlikely, however, that the ranks could be refilled satisfactorily in that way.

As in the case of other organ- izations. some of the vacancies are due to "natural causes". But the chief trouble, undoubtedly. can be traced to the, long series of Congressional investigations to which the Agency and its sub- sidiaries have been subjected. The Voice of America particularly has been a favorite target for- Sen- ator McCarthy's ire: he once call- ed it. "a nest. of Communists and fellow-travellers."

Actually, relatively few fellow- travellers were unearthed in any of the inquiries, and no Commun- ists. Nevertheless, the publicity. with its emphasis on rumours and half-truths'could not fail to dis- courage, is great number of hard- working. devoted, loyal officials who, understandably. did not re- lish the prospect of having their loyalty questioned simply because they might have been. at one time, or another, in an office or n department where there. had been some slight suspicion of sub- versive activity, although they themselves were, in no way in- volvcd in it.

can

Guilt by remote association. which sccms to have become an almost normal assumption in some official investigations, is something which any sclf-i-e.spect- ing person will do almost any- thing to avoid. even if it. means giving up a job for which he has been trained and which he is ablc to do well.

The situation is complicated by the fact that the, U.S.l.A. is just the sort of organization that the Communists would dearly love to control; it can be assumed that they are doing everything they can think of to get their agents established in strategic posts, es- pecially in the libraries and cul- tural departments of various kinds. The harm that a fanatical Communist syympathlzcr could

do, say in a library in Japan or Italy, where Communist machin- ery already is well organized. can be easily imagined. This means, of course, that the U. S. I. A. and similar organizations must. constantly be under offl- clal crutlny. Periodical and thorough investigations, therefore are inevitable.

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The Passing Scene

8) Observer ANOTHER DISTUEBING REPORT

Moreover. it must be .. , that in examining such faculties there will be occasion: when an unjust. inference W,-H, respect to some perfectly 10... and efficient official will slip” unnoticed. Usually, this can ,1" corrected before any great hare has been done to anybody 0,. ,m the Agency itself. Blanket arcuo atloris are another matter ",5; there have been far too -lmia of them. The description h( H, Voice of America as a ".i..., E Communists", when searchliig in qulry indicated nothing of th; sort. was as foolish as it was uni just.

The difficulty, presumably. 1-, been to find a formula by mhlsa security risks could be detected and removed, without nialain the great majority of official: and employees feel that in, were under near-suspicion. 1: any big Government-sponsored or. ganlzation there will be em. Ployees who will stay as long ., they can for the, limplc who that they would find it hm, pg: haps impossible, to get, as good. paying positions elsewhere. But there are others, and thniao M... U5'-IHUY in HIP. kcy posts. who 3,; there because they are anxiou to render A good public scrvicl and who would find it ear Elf: ough to secure positions. argued OT belief. in non-Govixrrtzncnz fields where they would ham 1 DUI. up with much less.stir-s 4...: strain. if everybody gm"; ,,', Government service is to lv- ,0 garded as A political susperu Hr"- time will come when no g.,.l,,,,,. ent person will we -I . ' do with it. M anmm" '"

Old Charlottetown an r. 1 1. FOX HUNTING

"On Friday last H ' the Lieutenant Gd veisr iftcfrnficy hounds, which have been recruits? from the Duke of Grafton's ken nel, met at Braddock's gate and. after drawing two small ll...-N, blank. formed at Wright's M111 Creek. The condition and appg", ance of the bounds promised good sport to the field of we11.m,,,,.md sportsmen who were prgsenl M. fer ii few turns in the r..,.., Reynard broke away for Calm-5' when he was viewed and liearii-ii; he ran up the creek again in in. M1ll..when he was again viewed, and finding he could not stop. Ilfnke oyer the clear for Braddock's lai-zg WDDG. Where being hard pi-.--.5”; he ran to ground, and was lulled in a field near the cover. ailer ; run of forty minutes. This living the first successful run this sea. son, there is every reason to ex. pect, as soon as the corn is down, that there will be a good sport, which we hope His Excellency Will enjoy a share of before his dc. parture."

-Royal Gazette, Sept. 7. is-ll. an 8 Preceding issue. the Gazette Published an announcement from Downing Street, Aug. 24th, of l.ti-u. tenant Governor Sir Charles Fitz. my s appointment as Grivernm and Commander-in-Chlcf of the Biitisn Wcsl. Indie l

MESS? AFFAIR

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