omentous i

CHARLOTPBZPOWN‘ ogaaoms

Years —The War Int p Review

SUPPLEMENT_PA_GE ONE

3 alzi Dream? of Conquest to Shattering End

Comes

gyopean Phase War Estimated

of ‘Second Great to Have Cost

Sb: Million Lives by cam. c. CRANMER (Associated Hess Staff Writer)

Gummy’; dream of worldconquest has come to a shattering ‘ , wifll the collapse of the Reich which Adolf Hitler said would

', ,1 a thousand year!-

_ Ended is the European phase of the second Great War of the

l’? . c ooqpoo-one mi “m, 6,000,000 men.

,a war which is estimated to have cost close to $1,000,- llicn trillion dollars in money, and the lives of

. The collapse of Germany_was_ foreshadowed last July 2o an attempt was made to kill Hitler and seize power by what dictator said was a small clique of "foolish, criminally stupid"

.. officers.

"fblsrevolt among Hitler's entourage, coming almost exactly a

aft

is . h , m higtqry, the invasion of

the sorry lackey Benito- ussolini had been broken in Italy; advances of Russian armies in the east, the drive of Allied Italy, and the success of the most difficult amphibious iii-

Norntandy, all suggested that the

hing d b cl . “ygrtwfitouvizli-oidgoked tad tlieawisrld, grossly under-rating Ger- aratloris like the throw of a mad adventurer. ".15.... out. that the Allies snatched victory only after hair-

orn defeat.

m... opened it with s. razzledazzle of propaganda. secret wer-

bi ‘noted ‘pmhfliiilgiito-‘Zir-iiina which quickly established hill“

and political mister Barnum oi war.

TWO-NAZI DREAM --

¢d_ srgcd with

lung? and H3 Pacific oy “new attack on Pearl Har- p w, been fought on all the

continents.

. amour there will be no vic- ‘M Morn, but merely surviv-

~ annihilated." Hitler threat- ‘ .. according he set I» pa" i" .. and cruelty unpflfld‘

in modem war.

Total War conflict became:- on‘ of secret battles - lonfl

1 w smash his invas- ' ‘lmfilfint French coast. i0

, ‘ ads Plans . l‘ fir-Welfare of

turnedbicn

1-

. . ‘i

ly Jack Brayll! Ycqusirn m» sun Writer

in; AWA. -- (OP) -—_Whether or I o "riiiy ‘Uaiiuaftiikert ‘route home from Europfi 0i‘ by way d! Tokyo, he he's the

. of hiscountry that hes go-

be among the finest-treated

in the world.

parison shows that lie-and 1,000,000 comrades-will fare than his father did after the

rest War.

. important of all pcrham ll

efsunnce his father didn't vc thsll get his Job back. And Mi Minister Balaton-a vet- “ of the other war-told the the this promise meant

in

o... .1

and arrsnlements rehabilitation of

Benefits

In briefly are the bcnoiits:—- l For every 3o days of service Na Western Hem lbs Aleutians, $1 . Tor every 30 days cf _ ' .or in the Aleutian, $10 10f tvery six months of service , .or any part. of six months - lileutisns. seven days’ pfly ricer. . i In lieu of assistance under the ' -' Land Act or limllll‘ es. a re-establlshmcnt credit- ¥'lflilable for specified taehillb- WF purposes-equal to s o- llfiunt of the gntuity payable ill $0 day bull. ' A h of I100

'|_ ab.‘ l“

1 Out cf work benefits if employ- lll not immediately available.

"Wflployment insurance

' ~ t is interrupted. ‘Rmporary ncapacitstion

- drtn - i Vltcignctflamirstrdgld f . In awaiti first rchlrns. fiWtation ining grants.

. ilblvcrs tr if

w.

al ity grants. Ppst-Ircdu te nts. Whpulsor; rc-instabcmgt to ~ employment.

Pgyincgence in civil service

rtatlon to nSuit of

Insemination "s ‘.5! Moran may also shire m ‘llocrai . _i wislchwi-nhlzimw m“ ' family

13S?

T Rlitifil

_ tothc soldier than all the,

c exclud- '

u a. failure that became

_.

, parachute troops, fifth

master the submarine which imper- iiled the United States as never ne- fore. to crush ' robot bomb laun- ching site; in France

A war of secret weapons-in which the Allies with radar. a brand new conception of massed fleets of in- vasion barges, the technique 0f mass bombing through clouds, and ahost. of inventions, outdid Hitler.

War in the air-in which ivhcie armies of millions engaied- F01‘ the first time the capitals of great Hal" ions and scores of other cities were marked for methodical destruction. A war of cities-Stalingrad, Len-

chsrbouyg _ whose streets nnd houses were turned into trenches mid forts. A new technique of battle in the rubble of cities developed

. Poland.

ingrad, Odessa. Sevasiopol. Cassino. i1

Versailles . llcadachc

By ‘Ilse Canadian Press

DUIiIQUERKE l

The out withdrawal a! set-mum him ofarmndcon-

‘W011 was blitud. and Berlin

A war undo round bstwcsirquis- 111108 and arm 8g of rcalstoncc, and a war of psychoio in which the four freedoms an the Atlantis Charter were used to combat the Nazi ideology.

A war fought in the extremes of "VI-ill" 0nd terralm. from Africa to the Arctic, in the world's worst. boss and jungles and most inacces- sible mountains.

The war saw the advent oi the flying bomb and many different "film Weapons the blockbuster. l’! ld-flrlna suns which made ar- m "Y 0011mm more intensive than 9W1’. mass mobility of tanks and Vehlclefl. the airborne army, the flying battleship, amphibious invas- ion on a grander scale than ever. ‘

All this was started about o'clock on Friday mcmiug, Sept. l, 1933pwhen Germany invaded

Despising the Poles too much to defillfe war formally,. Hitler an- nounced that he was answering “force with force "

with smug conceit he declared ‘l am putting on the uniform (the field gray of the German Army) and l shall take it off only in vic- tory or death.

Poland

Hitler planned a blitzkrieg-a expected that Britain and France would do more than wage a token war when they saw the ueelcssnt-ss of trying to save their ally

Amazing armored s arheads sli- red through the Po ish cavalry divisions to the W'sla (Vistula). trapped a huge army in the Kulho area west of Warsaw and another at Radom to the south.

In is days Hitler boasted of vic- tory in a speech at Danzlg, though it was Sept 27 before Warsaw. battered to ~ pulp, surrendered. Hitler claimed 300.000 prisoners.

Taking ccgnaance of British predictions of a long war-three years-Hitler declared he was ready for a seven year's war -

Tho same day Joachim Von Rib- bentrop arrived in Moscow and two days inter concluded with Russia the fourih partition of Poland and, an agreement to bring pressure

lightning war-and probably never 34

The ill-fated True. of Versailels wrote finis t in the last. war, but it was only c start of biohcr _ between conquered and conquerors, and he conquer- ore themselves. lit was bitterly criticised by Ger-

. and b1‘ some Allied leaders as well, as too severe. but condemn- ed by others as too lenient. Its ter- ritorial ustmanta survived tho

cpriving Germany of

n; still in effect; on

the other hand its provisions in the used- an-

l": ch and Bol- m “d ‘posmvavitb .222 naval vea- a

help of some miiiih? sggitted 30.000 of he: wounded

and all tranlport and armored vehicles of the ar-

my in the north. matter of aro

. , llazi llavy Mnnm d

m! or on my an v fimtlhe subject of Npcatnd modif-

a Tho Germans signed the tNMY Germany's navy dwindled stead- gy in the Second Great War in ln- vidual deatr agonics rather than m a colossal flee. t at Jutland in the s a r a car- Brithisehcdruiser raiding oer in the South Atlantic. put into the neutral Uruguayan of Montevideo after suffering battle damage in a l40-hour duel with her

I940 BLITZ I

Inndou suffered 1.000 civil- ‘.."......,“°‘ll‘.'. lllnll“? i'..°‘"‘.“.l‘l o o c acrlll bllla between Sept. ‘l and 00$. 1. Pllllw Minister Church- ill mtlmafnd the Luftwaffe drop- ped 5.000.000 pounds of bombs on the city from a daily average of 400 planes during the period. Britain's defence forced the N .to their tactics from day to nlg t raids. On one day ll! German planes were brougbtdowntrythslt A F. anti-aircraft firs and barrage I na.

Women's Fart ‘||_i_ Victory

Women of the United Nations played a far greater role in the Second Great War than in any other war-and played it in far Imntor numbcra. For the first time in modern history. women of some countries fought side by side with men in organized groups.

But perhaps the greatest service women rendered in the war was behind the lines. Millions of women in Britain. Canada and the United

pursucra. Ordered to leave pen or face internment. Capt. Hans Langs- dorff, blew up his 10,000 ton shl rather than risk defeat by Brit

v l ks later

uicide.

The 35.000401; battleship Bismarck- sank the British cruiser Hood May , i841, but her glory was short- lived. She was relentlessly hunted for five days and finally was sunk 400 miles off Brest while seeking cover of Nani land-based planes. The 20,000 - ton Soharnhorst went down off Norway Dec 06. i943. af- ter trying" vainly twice to attack a Murmansk; bound convoy.

Toli.uk’s Fall

‘Ilobruk changed hands four times in the bitter struggle for Africa and was left a mass of rubble, its harbor choked with sunken ships.

The British chased the- Ital- ians out in January. i941, and held off Rommel! attack dur-

iililflfl‘ cmphaitc on June Z8, ‘Besides losing all her colonies.

- imany was deprived. wtihin illu-

ropc. of Inrralne most of

Poesn, part of West Prussia, Mcmel

and Dennis. and Eupen and Mal-

nicdy. tntalling aboht 1.000.000 pop-

ulatfon.

The German general staff was ab~ olisheri, the army cut to 100.000 men. the navy to six battleships. six light cru'serl. l2 torpedo boats and no submarines. and the air fleet‘ to 100 planes. An Inter-Allied

h. Military Control Commission re- maincd in Berl'n until um a. sec- I uro compliance with root. tilons on

the manufacture and importation

of arms. .

Indemnity

No over-all indemnity was fixed at Versailles. but at Paris confer- ences in 1020 21. the Allies deman- ded about 833.000.000.000 withou re gard to Ger-runny’; ability 'o pay. British economist J. M. KByrMl predicted Germany couldn't raise| that amount. and before the end of | 102i Ber1'n announced it must re~ nego on part of the money due next year. The bottom dropped out of the p mark. - l U. S Senate refused to join the League of Nations. and this action‘ helped undermine the treaty. the principal Allies disagreed on the attitude to take toward the Weirnar Republic and later the Third Reich.

upon Britain anti France to make

eace. Great Britain and France served an ultimatum on Germany on Sept. 1 and declared war on Sunday Sept.

I

i l

(Continued on Page 3i

"Great. Arc

r

Russia's

8iibs_ Got 20 Merchant Ships

By Harold Freeman Canadian Prue Staff Writer

MONTREAL -— (OP) ~— In one glimmer of intensive action, German subrnarin piled up a score of 20

ship ‘ ‘ the St Lawrence and its approaches but failed in their primary objectives-- complete! evident the following summer.

It Wis during‘ the i942 St. Law- rence season t at Canada's inland waterway saw its heaviest action, with m, umoats aiming either at closing-the Waterway to ocean shipp g or forcing diversion of a large number of escort vessels from the vital Atlantic convoys.

Achievement of either aim would have been a real German victory. Closing of the river and gulf would have laced an additional strain on aired dammed rail lines to the At- lsntficotgtnwith c conscquant slay;- , , ow, men aa ma - i“ overseas: willie di on of too nil-fly flrhting ships to the St Lawrence might hav meant loss of the Battle of thef tlanticn thcn

ere wasn't a shl

that participated in that summer

o1 gallon whose crew wasn't con-

vinced their veassel scored at least one kill.

Ila lab For Lillie Croft

‘Rio "Qt. Lawrence B0010

m-

l!‘ m d (Continued on race s)

‘Premier Joseph Stalin

Victorious “Defeats”

The official German mind was quick to disguise Nazi defeats for home ccnsumpti h with such terms as “fluid withdr wal", ing manoeuvres", “shortening lin- rs’, "strategic fighting withdraw-

But even in this department the Nazis must have acknowledged (le- feat when the Japanese. after the ed: “We should not think that we first 3-20 bom“ raids, proclaim- have been passively attacked but that we have actively pulled tho- enemy toward us"

‘Ibtal Allied losses in the occup- ation of Pantelleria, Mediterrean island, were 40 airmen and fewer than 30 aircraft.

Italy fought on the Fascist side in the war from June l0. 1040, when it declared a war on Britain and fiance, until Sept. 3, i048. when it surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. Italy became a co-be- ligemnt with the Allies Oct. 18, i043.

The aerial blitz boomerauaed on Hitler. who, after turning the Luft- waffo loose on Britain in vain, saw gigantic bomber fleets of the Allies smash his war production cantns and create panic on the home front.

The war that has-cams to and started Bcpt. l, 1030, after Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Russia. He overrun mrope un- til he finally turned on the Rus- sians and was stopped on the east. He began firing generals and put

, his intuition to work.

Hitler became chanceuor of Ger- many January 80, i003.

kite-acts l/Vho Drew Up

ing an epic ll-month stand. But in June, 1942, Itommell swept in successfully. Tobrunk fell a fourth time” in November» i042, when Montgomery drove out the Afrika Korps and kept them on the run all the way to Tunisia.

the countries which imposed them: Some severe terms were deliberate- ly broken by Hitler, bent on con- quering the world.

Britain's Prime llhlllfel Willlton Churchill

Through Blood, Toil and Tearsl

- c

“I say to the House, as 1 said to ministers who have joined this Government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. .

“We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.

“You ask what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given its, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. ,

“You ask, what is our aim. I can answer in one wprd. lt is vietoryl Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory however long and hard the road may be, for ivithout victory there is no survival.

“Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move for- ward towards its goal.

cause will not be suffered to fail among men.

"I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say: Come, then, let us go forward together with our united strength."

Rt. lion. Winston Churchill Inhiiflrstllilechlsfiimcllinilhr lfay l3, i040. ‘MT-rimayrfim r many do not realise

ra n p s. hunt?! fill isyed bk in Olnadxalgi . C r-

tier introduced it. in . M rncn dope on lt,, Over hundred yesn

three years flour. port, a limited amount of beef a very little but- ter and salt were doled out. with- out this fopd no tolling what the fate of the Loyalist: might have been. As a start in the new country cam man was given an eke. a hos and a spade. Course cloth was vlded for trousers. mdian blankets and shoes were passed around . or in fro-day's

that fateful winter the life later the Ameri

can Revolution, thé United ran ire Loyalist: bad rationing

Victory Plans

"I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel surethat our u

States worked on assembly lines to produce the planes. tanks. guns and

|ammunition which made it possible t

to win he war. Hundreds of thousands of others planted and harvested crops. Wo-

iman who could hot leave their homes

contributed to the War effort. by rolling bandages, saving tin and fat and conserving food.

~ lless Affair

Rudolf Hess. once termed the only man trusted by Hitler, created one of the fantastic leg- ends of the war when he bor- rowed an Me-liu fighter plane grill fled to England on May 10.

Why should Hess. the No 3 Nazi. Hitler's alter ego and ed- itor cf "Mcin Kampf", have flown the coon? Britons said it wasn't desertlon: that l-lezs wanted to get Britain out of the War so Hitler could attack Rus- sia unmolest-ed from the west. i

Britons have always felt that ; when Hess came tumbling down : in a parachute to be captured by a farmer with n pltchtork. they gained one of the import- ant prizes of the war.

w".

a

-llp of Belligercnts

The line-ups in the Second Great War listed 45 United Nat- ions fiBhting ll Axis powers. All. however. were not at war with all the others. The combatants:

United Nations: Australia, Bel- gium, Bolivin, Brazil. Canada. Chile, China. Colombia. Costa Rica. Cuba. Czechoslovakia. Doin- inican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia. France, Great Britain, Greece. Guatemala. Haiti, Honduras. India. Iran. Iraq. Lebanon. Liberia. Luxembourg. Mexico. Netherlands. New Zeal- and, Nicaragua. Norway. Panama. Paraguay. Peru. Phllillpllles- P01- and. South Africa. Soviet Union. Syria, Turkey. United. States, Uruguay. Venezuela and Yugo- slavia.

(Denmark and Iceland are re- garded as associated United Na-

cns.) Axis: Bulgaria. Croatia. Finland, Germany. Hungary. Italy. Japan. Manchukuo. Romania, Slovakia and Thailand. The Badoglio Italian government became a co-belligerent with the ions Oct. i3. i943. Romania Joined the Allies in the war Aug. 23. i044. formally declar- lnguwar two days later. _ haria yielded to Russias de- mands to go to war against Germ- any on 8cm. 8. i944. There was no declaration of war. however. Finland's troops marched against the Nazis on Sept. l9. i944, without a fonnal declaration. after making peace with Russia. The Allies signed an armistice with I-Iungnrv Jan. 00, i945, thus narrowing Hitler's list of cohorts.

Line

rationing of the molt rmmbpi. but It proved their nivatioll. Ibr

verbiage, sivm- ' equitable ills- a-nntton as

READ Y

NOW

FOR THE JAPS

Old Scores to Settle in Jae

Far Pacifi

By Jack Brayley Clnldlan Press Staff writer

OZPPAWA. — (OP) - Her milit- ary task in Europe completed, Can ada is pledged to fight Japan to a finish. She turns now to the east to settle the old score of Hong Kong.

The European campaigns saw a STEM concentration of the Canadian effort in that theatre of operations. But from the time the Domhlon beat even the United States in of- ficially declaring war on the Japs after Pearl Harbor, Canadians have watched closely developments in the Pacific.

Canada participated in pre-war defensive precautions lll ihc Pacific, .nd l0 days before that conflict broke out, Dec '7, 194i, two Can- adian regiments took over garrison duty -' the British fortress of flonri Kong

These two regiments-the winni- peg Grenadiers and the Quebec Royal Rifles-comprised nearly 2,000 men Repatriatezi Canadian internces later told of the brave stand of the men from the Domin- ion with their British and Indian comrades. Fighting in unfamiliar! terrain and against impossble odds] they held out as long 11s pcsible. The Japs later announced i e, capture of 1,689 Canadians. On this: basis, 296 of the original 1.983 ab,’ ficers and men who reached 1118i crown colony were presumed missing or killed in ac‘lon. Many others are known to have (led as prisoners of war.

Canadian troops next tackled the Japs when they were part of a mixed force that included United States army men in the unopposed occup- irion of Kiska in the Alsutlans. Tile Canadian Navy helped in the amphibious operation.

Airmen's Big Role

Canadian airmen in the Aleutians aided iri softening up Jan resistance and prepared the way for the ‘n- vaslrm. ' In the skies of India and Burma.

‘(Continued on paged)

War Effort on Industrial Front

liy Jack Williams Canadian Press Staff WIQI

il- oat Menace Beaten in ‘42

The ability of the Allies to crack Gefmflflys submarine warfare spcl. led the beginning of the and for the Axis as huge convoys of war mater-

l sped almost without challenge to the world's fivhting fronts, Peak of the U-boat toll was rea- ched in 1942 when 1n 10 munch; glazi submarines sank more than