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terday by the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council, based on figure ‘compiled by the Department of Trade and Commerce and the Do- minion Bureau of Statistics. Spend- ing on new construction, machinery and equipment for these Provinces is forecast at $544 million. A large: increase than in any other sector is also forecast for capital outlays in manufacturing enterprises.

The increase in total capital in-

vestment is forecast for the three Maritime Provinces, but New- foundland will be down by 11.5 per cent. Stepped-up spending in the Maritimes, however, will more than make up for the drop in Newfound- land. In Prince Edward Island, the forecast is for a rise of one million

dollars to $34 million, or 3 per cent ©

over the 1958 figure. This takes ac- count*éf|a drop of $3 million in new machinery .and equipment outlays, and an increase of $4 million in new construction expenditures.

While the capital investment forecasts are subject to revision later

x this year, APEC reports there is

every, indication that outlays in the Atlantic Provinces in 1959 will be running at an alltime high and will outpace other parts of Canada in terms of increase over last year.

The figures are particularly en- couraging in view of the unfavorable publicity received by these Provin- ces in the Gordon Commission Report as a “depressed” area. The APEC re- port does not mention the Gordon report, but it does say that the pre- sent survey “would seem to indicate that investors are aware of the manufacturing opportunities in the Atlantic Provinces and are determin- ed to take advantage of these oppor- tunities by committing large sums to establish new enterprises and en- large existing ones.” It is a trend, let us hope, that will mark the be- ginning of a new era of industrial expansion for this part of Canada.

Exploding Population “Explosion” is the word used by demographers, or population analy- * gts, to describe the upsurge in world population. It took 200,000 years for the human species to number 2,- (00 million at mid-20th century. Now it seems inevitable that the 4,000 mil- lion mark will be reached in merely 30 years. The rampant rise is due not to higher birth rates but to a fantas- tic decline in death rates, especially in™poor countries already teeming with people. Modern medical science, with its vaccines, inoculations, DDT, and-wonder,drugs, is helping the rich and poor alike to stave off disease, disability, and early death. If population grows at the pre- sent_explosive rate, ‘the world will have 6,000 million mouths to feed by A.D. 2000. ‘With the present rate of increase,” states a United Nations report on population, “it can be- calculated that in 600 years the number of human beings on earth) will be such that there will be only one square meter (1.2 square yards)

for each to live on. It goes without }

saying that this can never take place, something will happen to. pre- ent it.” What will happen is a - matter of speculation. _ The gloomy sociologist Malthus, in his pioneering population study . of 1798, maintained that war, pesti- lence, and disease were needed to - check the human race. In the present _ situation, no such macabre prospects are offered. Hopefully, the 15-na- tion U.N. Population Commission is concentrating on the dilemma, and _ making the public starkly aware of the peril. Tpe world’s major physica! resources already have been brought into use. And the giant hand of in-

‘with a climate suitable: for dense population are the highlands of Mexico, Colombia, and. Ecuador. southeast Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Guinea, and Borneo.

Pessimistic demographers fear that. man will multiply himself into universal poverty. The optimistic believe that production can keep pace with need: new sources of , power to replace fossil fuels; new ‘caw materials for industry; . new techniques of agriculture and pro- cessing to provide more food—the most important need of. all.

Summer Boat Safety ——}

Small boats overpowered by out- board motors became a_ topic of discussion at the recent annual con- vention of the Industrial Accident Prevention Association in Toronto. Warnings by manufacturers and safety agencies are too often unheed-. ed by the small boat operator. Over- powering, overloading and inexpert handling are factors that contribute each summer to the toll of drowning fatalities.

Manufactured boats are built to designs with safety specifications that have been tried \ and tested. Their passenger-carrying " capacity is rated as well as the maximum power that should be permitted. If the small boat owner would operate within these limits the risk of ac- cidents would be almost eliminated.

Among the do-it-yourself hobby- ists can be found the amateur boat builder. When he works from: pre- pared plans and with prefabricated parts he can put together a stable craft. When he works with raw ma- terials and home design there is certain to be lack of knowledge 7 to its performance under varying conditions. The joke about a home- made boat sinking at its launching did not originate in the mind of 2 comedian. It actually has happened How tragic are the circumstances when the launching is made success- fully but sometime during the season the boat is subjected to the test of sudden storm or rough water.

Soon the waterways will be free of ice and thousands of boats will be launched for pleasure and recrea- tion.'In spite of all the warnings many will capsize. Only if each boat owner and operator observes all, of the rules of safety can tragedy be avoided.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A professor at the University of Wisconsin is quoted as saying that “the Chinese language is the easiest . for English-speaking people to mas- ter.” Even a professor is entitled to a little levity now and then.

. * 7”

We haven’t heard our provincial authorities say so, but it must be cheering to them to learn, from the Fleming budget, that gross na- tional production is expected to rise T per cent this year to an all-time high of $34,500 million. This should mean a substantial increase in the payments under the _ tax sharing agreements, which are geared t: gross production, figures.

* * e

Now that Finance Ministar Fleming has tackled fruit ‘and: vegetable tariffs in his budget, i is hoped that he will see the op portunity which exists for the West Indies Federation to take a_ bigger role in supplying Canada’s needs The economies of Canada and the Federation are complemerttary to an exceptional degree, and the only way we can capitalize on them fully is by making trade a two-way pro-

position.

*

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Sh « ato elena eliaalitae

THE VACUUM CLEANER .

Ottawa isn’t anticipating ano- ther great debate on the Recip- rocity issue, despite the sug- gestion of Mr. Hector B. McKin- non, retiring Chairman of the Canadian Tariff Board, that Can- ada might well secure “overall benefits’ by entering a Cus- toms Union arrangement with the United States.

Up to the present, at any rate, Federal Parliamentar- ians have demonstrated little in- terest in a renewal of the con troversy which has disturbed per- iodically the peace and tranquil- ity of Canadian party politics.

The present Conservative Gov- ernment, while it has great re- spect for the judgment of Mr. McKinnon, has not the slightest

- interest in the project, even. on

a long-term basis. Having shied away, some months ago, from a British proposal for the estab- lishment of a British - Canadian Free Trade scheme, the Conser- vatives see no attractions in a project which would, as they see it, pose a much greater threat to Canadian economy and, in deed, to Canadian economic inde- pendence. '

The CCF Party tends to be a low-tariff party. But its deep- rooted suspicions of U.S. Capi- talism are: enough to cause its leaders to bristle at the mere

‘mention of a U.S.-Canadian Cus-

toms Union.

LIBERAL VIEWS

The only political party in Can- ada which still contemplates a possible Customs Union with something approaching an open mind is the Liberal Party.

The Liberals, having fallen on

evil days, have been casting about for dramatic and readily policy switches which might im- prove their fortunes. Customs Union with the U.S. wouldn't fri- ghten them if they could be sure it would do the trick.

On several occasions in the past, the Liberals have worked hard trying to persuade Canadian voters of the manifest advantag- es of a close economic link with the United States.

The last time that public opin-

ion was tested at the polls on the issue was in 1911. And the Lib- erals have never forgotten the defeat and rejection of Laurier which resulted from the experi- ment. William Lyon Mackenzie King, who regarded himself as an apostle of Free Trade throughout the greater part of a long politi- cal career, though his support was more academic than prac- tical, came close to taking a chance on Reciprocity shortly after the end of the Second World War.

SECRET MISSION

He sent a secret mission of Canadian tariff experts to Wash- ington in 4947 to negotiate a new tariff deal. The Americans, and it came as something of a surprise at the tine, proved extremely sympathetic. And before long, re- presentatives of both countries were trying to work out mutually acceptable details of a much clos- er economic alliance than had been contemplated originally.

Mr. King, who was in London while the secret negotiations were

‘in progress in Washington, final-

ly announced publicly via a radio

‘tal his intention of seeking ‘‘real reciprocity” with the U.S. But before long, he took prompt ac- tion again in secret, to kill the entire project when it seemed, to those closest to it at the time, that the prospects of success were fairly i

MR: KING’S DOUBTS

Why? He had concluded that to pursue the project any further might well bring in its wake an election defeat as disastrous as that of 1911, He was not ¢onvinc- ed that Canadians were ready for such a step. And in any event, he feared that Reciprocity might place the entire Canadian econ- omy under the thumb of its larg- er neighbour. Also, he doubted, for that matter, the ability of the U.S. administration to secure congressional approval.

The U.S. Government and _its negotiators were angry at this aboveiface. So were some of King's Cabinet colleagues -who were convinced, to the end, that Reciprocity would be to Canada’s advantage.

But it didn’t become a public issue since almost everything had been done behind closed doors.

Are the Liberals ready for a new Reciprocity gamble? Per- haps. Since their defeats at the polls, they have said only the nic- est things about Free Trade as a desirable objective. They criti- cized the Conservatives for re- jecting the Briti.. Free Trade proposal out of hand. But they were careful to avoid any firm commitment, in terms of Liberal policy, to ac¢ept or reject. They said only that a Liberal Party would give any and every such proposal the most careful study — of a kind that the Conservativ- es had not given the British offer, they said — before reaching a decision one way or the other.

Thomistic Philosophy:

A Review by J. T. Payne » (Concluded)

(English translation by th Rev. J. P. E. G’Hanley, Ph. ‘D, — with sundry notes and addi- tions by the translator — of ‘‘Cur- sus Philosophiae’’ by the Rt. Rev. Henri Grenier, Ph. D., J. C. D. First published in 1948 by St. Dunstan’s University Press)

VOL. 4. MORAL PHILOSOPHY

This volume concerns itself with almost everything in the field of human behaviour. It be- gins with a definition of Ethics (sometimes referred to as Mon- astics): the practical science which deals with the acts of in- dividual man in relation to their end. It ends by recounting the demands which Christian Society may justly make on the State. HAPPINESS

The ultimate end of human life is happiness. What constitutes happiness, however, has been an age long controversy of the phil- osophers. Some hold that happi- ness is found in worldly posses- sions. Others maintain that it con- sists in the delight of the’ senses — the Epicureans, for example. Still others believe that haj:piness consists in power, earthly fame, honour. Thomism teaches that “happiness consists in virtuous operation proper to man in a per- feet life.’ Put another way, hap- piness consists in the perform- ance of acts of virtue. MORALITY

Definition: the property in vir- ye ig which human acts are g or evil in, a special way. Thomism teaches that morality formally consists in the trans- cendental relation of a free act to its object as in conformity or disconformity with the rule of morals — that is, with right rea- son and the eternal law.

There is objective morality and |,

there is subjective morality. Ob- jective morality is morality con- sidered in relation to the mor- al law, independently of the prac- tical judgement of any agent. Subjective morality is morality considered in relation to the prac- tical judgement of an agent. GOOD AND EVIL : Some philosophers teach thai

‘

no act, in itself, is essentially good. and others intrinsically evil, are good or evil solely from the positive determination of man or of God. According to St. Thomas, some actions are intrinsically good and others intrinsically evil, independent of any will, human or divine. In this pattern, actions which of their very nature lead man to God are intrinsically good; actions which of their very na- ture lead man away from God are intrinsically evil. ‘‘The proxi- mate rule of morality is right rea- son; and its supreme rule is the eternal law.”

SIN, EVIL, FAULT .

There is a difference “in com- prehension’ between sin and evil. Sin is the privation (absence) of good in an act only. Evil is the, privation of good in a thing or in an act. A sin is a fault when it is the evil of a human act. Thus sin has greater exten- sion than fault, but lesser ex- tension than evil. Man, as a mor- al agent, is responsible for his moral acts. This proposition is contrary to that of some philo- sophers, who hold that man has no control over his acts. : LAW

In relation to its cause, which is the Eternal Law, Natural Law is defined by St. Thomas as: a participation of the eternal law by which rational creatures are naturally inclined to the mode of acting and end proper to them. Atheists, Positivists and Material- ists deny the existence of the na- tural law.

Conscience signifies the appli- cation of knowledge to something —that is, the act by which we apply knowledge to a particular fact.

POLITICS

Politics is the part of moral philosophy which treets of civil society. Since the common good

is the greatest of all human |

goods, polities is the principal part of moral philosophy. ‘The much maligned politicians should find some comfort in this!) I is ‘the science which deals with man in his {fife in civil society. The material object of politics is bu-

4

man acts.

According to St. Thomas, the following are the principle goods or rights with which God, the author of nature, has endowed in dividual men living in society: the right to life, to bodily inte grity and to whatever is neces- sary for life; the right to pursue his ultimate end in the manner determined for him by God; the right of association and of the private ownership and use of property.

EPILOGUE

I am most grateful to Doctors Grenier and O'Hanley and, of course, to the editor of The Guardian for the opportunity of sharing a few of the treasures of a very fine philosophical work with Guardian readers who might not be familiar with it. I noted at the beginning of this review that philosophy may yet help fo save twentieth cen tury society from the consequenc- es of its own folly—the folly of encouraging intensified material- ism which threatens, and not only in Communistic circles, to destroy the integrity of man. Pondering the. many values of ‘‘Thomistic Philosophy’’ has strengthened that hope. I am glad it came my way; and I commend it to anyone who likes to engaze in solid intellectual activity from time to time.—J. T. P.

OUR TESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO + (April 16, 1934) _

In the City at the present time, addressing meetings of young people and adults is Dr. G. F. Patterson of the National Council of the Y.M.C.A. Yesterday after- noon he addressed a group of students at Prince of Wales Col- lege. He met the Y.M.C.A. dir- ectors last evening.

The excursion from ail Island points to Summerside on the C. N. R. on Saturday was well 'patronized. Four cars carnying 220 passengers from ail along the line came from the east and a sti greater number from the west. Eight cars brought 370 pas- sengers from all points between Tignish and Summerside.

TEN YEARS AGO (April 16, 1949) Robert Croken, SGummerield;,

~

broadcast from the British Capi-| 5 try tog———___

your family pamper you. A little sumpathy is expected, of course, and even needed, but don’t let it get out of hand.

A great many persons pamper themselves by over-eatimz. Gen- erally, this is inadvisable for any- one, especially those of you who have just under breast sur- gery. ;

Unless your doctor advises you to gain weight, adding extra pounds rapidly could delay your norma! recovery processes and cause complications.

Take up your old hobbies again or, if you never had any, this is a fine time to start some new ones. Sewing, knitting and weav- ing are among the most povu'ar for housewives, but it might be fun to give drawing or painting

%« This will help you to overcome self-consciousness and the tem- porary mental and physical em- barrassment you probably will experience after surgery such as this.

DOCTOR CAN HELP

Your doctor can help brighten your mental attitude as he aids your physical condition.

Be sure to visit him just as frequently as he advises for checkups. Various complaints, such as pains in your other breast, are not at all unusual under the circumstances. But re- port them to your physician just the same!

Trust him and follow his rec- ommendations precisely. QUESTION AND ANSWER

C. B. A.: How can I get rid of callus?

Answer: Calluses are ysually due to pressure or friction. Pro- perly fitted shoes and protec- tion with pads or moleskins will often help prevent or relieve them. Sometimes calluses should be trimmed before other mea- sures will be successful.

Simeon Farmer, Kinkora and Mil- dred Joan Mullen, Glanaladale, were first prize winners in their respective grades in the essay contest sponsored by the P. E. I. Credit Union League. Over 120 applications were reccived in the contest and prizes totalling $155 were given to successful contest- ants.

It is expected that tle Roval Commission on Transportation wil] hold sittings here between May 23 and June 6, according to word received by Mr. Rand Ma- theson, Manager of the Mari- time Transportation Commission Maritime Boards of Trade wil) mee eat Moncton to prepare a brief to be presented before the Commission.

¢ A se : : 8 ; \ os » emer st > es - = a dustry is digging deeper and deeper * a Us The . into known supplies of water, fuel, Right Mental : TES BY “Gen Proce téwws taste we ve | -‘minerals, and other basic materials. Attitude Counts NO every weekday morning at 16 Prince Stree | Water shortages, in particular, are . : ’ PEL, by Thomson By Herman N. Bundesen, M. D. ; ian A Boras, Pune ang noel Masaser a world-wide problem. | EACH YEAR about 50,000) When a woman tells a doc j | Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Regions that can and do support American women undergo breast | tor she is all tired out, he aske ; Publishers Asssciation . . Pppo surgery. As of right now, there | t) see her tongue.—Brandon Sun “erence ee emtague and Alberton | “CMOrMous concentrations of people I PLUGGED are approximately 1,000,000 wo-| Represented Nationally by Thomson Newspapers ~ iT IN, have undergone such surgery of particularly on 5 ever-more- a eee ono favored-areas are few and far be- | 0 hea ee ney’ he * sean oman S. Mentonel ‘ tween. As listed by the economists, “|, Mile sill @ serious operation, ret outing, What Detrll hes TESSSSeSm | aS wee, me oe tt | es a annum. Ff > 7 7 = ; ™ Bcvinces' ant’ United States $2250 per’ annus thelr book’ entitled "World Populs or eS ae tude that ty the alee of his sate. | _. PAGE 4 THURSDAY, APRIL 16, 159. | tion and Production,” the five most so much for the operation itself, | mobile will the size of his impor- 1 Sane De Re ae. et fruitful regions are:- Tek ‘but for ‘the manner in which the | tance be judged by his fellow- —— a ee es _.| patient reacts during convales-|-4tivers.—Baltimore Sun eal tncouraging Figures - . Europe as a whole; the part of Yl ela. Uk S x _ We note that while capital out- | North America from the Atlantic , As during the recovery from een” ep lays in the rest of Canada are fore- | coast to the Great Plains, plus a ee to ead Gale of Gietbtnitic taleamally. . ‘cast to drop by nearly $150 million | strip of the Pacific Coast; eastern ty tos dace Tab Mee noneael gtd cow hae bea cl this year from the 1958 level, invest- | Asia, including Japan, Korea, east- attitude is highly important, too. | oo” poe rang oa . ‘ment spending in the Atlantic Pro- | ern Chiha, and northern parts of nme a oo? few | friends choose to obey our laws, vinces is expected to rise by about | Indochina and India; the great moun- | will have breast surgery in cafe ge Bells grr dag see $52 million and set a new record for | tainous regions of South Africa; and | ae ~ to those who have | any, They're so old-fashioned . tits area. This is the good news con- | a vast portion of the Atlantic coast One of the main things to oe ee ee oe ae veyed in a statement released yes- | of South America. Smaller regions guard against is self-pity. Don’t| which he finds timself—Wash- 5 pamper yourself and don’t let ington Post.

There are some countries (one of them tolerably close to Can- ada’ where it is great sport be- ing a Communist. By joining the

a price—or at any rate a head- line—on your head. Trenchcoat

How different ‘ Britain—and how dull. There, the nist party functions as openly and respec- tably as the Conservative party, the Labor party, or, saddest of all, the Liberal part}. The re

sult: Nobody is very much inter-

ested in

The Age Old Story

Heaven and earth shall pass away; but my words shall not Pass ‘away.

The United States and Britain have advanced a new set of pro- posals for an agreement to end atomic tests and the initial Rus- ‘si#ai| reaction has been unfavor- able. The stumbling block re mans the question of enforce- ability.

The latest plan covers only nu- | clear explosions underwater and within the earth’s atmosphere, which could be effectively con- trolled, and is designed as the first phase of a total ban.

In effect, such an agreement would permit continuation of un- derground and high - altitude tests until a system is perfected to detect them.

In their preliminary reply, the Russians stick to their previous insistence that any agreement must cover all tests, detectable or not, and that problems of en- forcement can be worked out later.

HARD TO CONVINCE

The new proposals have the merit of covering the types of nuclear experiment most likely to endanger human life by pol- luting the air man _ breathes water he drinks. Scien- ay differ on the immi- of the danger offered by “bomb explosions in general, but can be little doubt that un- and outer-space test-

harp, and flagon, Fabulous heroes, and villains,

“are gone.

Gone is the humor of wizards and witches,

Mischievous leprechauns, mettle- some elves, ; ;

Goblins that glowered in eaverns and ditches,

4nd nymphs with the knack of transforming themselves.

and phantasy, Laughter has vanished with le gends away. —Frances Higginson Savage " — in The New York Times,

Atomic Tests Proposal

By Ed Simon Canadian Press Staff Writer

served their final reply pending examination of the proposals in detail, their comments so far fol- low the line of reasoning that the essential point of any agreement is to stop all tests and not just some of them.

Western sources in Geneva, where the negotiations are being hammered out, are hopeful that

Russia will modify her attitude,

on becoming convinced of the West’s good faith in going ahead with the necessary research for a foolproof method of spotting all kinds of tests.

Since it was the United States |

that pioneered the outer - space

explosions, the Russians may take some convincing. . The grim paradox is that there

is much to be said in defence of

the difficulty of justifying their continuing failure to agree.

‘Don't Neglect Slipping FALSE TEETH

iy . }

:

i ! i

Pork Chops Picnic Hams

Sliced Bacon

Tomatoes 2’ pkgs. 49c Cottage Cheese pkg. 30c

Ib. 59c lb. 47¢ lb. 59¢ Tea Jello

Flavor-Pak |

Peas 2 tins 39c | Snowflake Henley ; Creamery Peaches 28 oz. tin 39c | Butter

Nescafe—2 oz. bottle Instant Coffee Chase & Sanborn

Coffee

Broken Pekoe

Magic \ Baking Powder 1 lb. 39c

Shortening 2 pkgs. 59c

45c 1 Ib. tin 91c

: Ib. 69c 3 pkgs. 29c

2 Ibs. $1.35

PERFECTION MILK

6 Tins 89c

2

SWIFT'S CLEANSER

Tins 29c

8 LONGWORTH AVE.

MICHAEL'S GROCERY

anaemia

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