Widening Educational Horizons

W. C. 0. 1'. F.

In order to have our Prince Ed- ,.,u-it island Teachers become bet- irr acquainted with what the Wald Confederation of Organiza- mns of the Teaching.Pi-ofesslon stands for, we are printing the following outline of the reason why this organization was formed and what it is trying to do.

This organization. after t h r e e wars of study and planning. held its iirst meeting in Oxford. Eng- land in 1952. It.is made up of teachers and educators from near- iv every country in the world, iii- Etlidiiig our own Canadian Teach- l-lcderation: Its aims are:

4;.) To foster I conception of Edlicilllon directed toward the pl'()l'llOIIOl1 of international under- siaiidiiig and goodwill, with a view in .-iifc-guarding peace and free- (lam. and respect for human dig- nil)

II)! To improve teaching meth- ads so as to better equip teachers to serve the interests of youth.

.c. To defend the rights. and tho iiiaterlal and moral Interests of lllC teaching profession.

uh To promote closer relation- .-iiips between teachers in differ- cnl countries. The Canadian Teach- r-1'5" Federation is entitled to four- Wen official delegates. The expense of sending a delegate is borne by -W province to which he belongs. the Canadian Tcachcrs' Federa- ili-:i assunics the financial expense or the President only, who is head

i-i.x'

of we Canadian delegation.

lll!S year the second assembly ..t liclrgatcs of W.C.0.T.l'. was VPIII at Oslo. Norway. from July "1 Aug. 5. The dclcgatcs included

"Tm persons from teachers' organ- .;.i:iuns in 31 countries. The chief "pic was ”Education For Teach- ing ” Thirty nine reports from Na- : .i: it 1 tcuclicrs' organizations .-. lid as a background for dis- conccriiiiig the education iP1lCllQI'S. 5 Walker of the National Edu- .-in Association of United States lla: given the task of reviewing luv irports and gave an introduc- zi-v l('D(lI'l. on the topic of teacher rIlllC:'llii'in. In concluding her report .'lllSS Walker spoke as follows:

tl.ct me now direct your at- tention to the name of our or- Eltlllllfllllln. It is called the ”Worlrl tliiifcrlcitation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession”? Why not jlhl. ”lcachers"? Do we not in- elude the extra word "profession" to emphasize that our occupation hnx certain special characteris- tics"

In American English. l-'n:lisli too, I think the word "profession" has a rather spe- rial meaning. We use the word to describe those occupations which have certain characteristics. Among these hallmarks of a pro- Irxstivll. none is of greater import- aura than the fact that a profes- unn requires extensive and spe- r..il preparation. We shall be fully onivled to use the word in pro? portion as we teachers ourselves define the standards. and quality and rniilvlil of this preparation.

Tr:i('llCl' preparation, however,l .ri(lu(l0s much more than know- ledge. A teacher. must, of course. know that which he is to impart in others. But in addition to know- ing WHAT he teaches. he must also know HOW to teach it. There am good and effective ways to If'Eil'I1 and there are poor and in- effc('llVc ways. The teacher who has ii professional education knows the difference. He knows how the lqpriiiiig process takes place, what wlistarlcs it may encounter, and ii-'i' these difficulties may be over- rnnie and reduced to a minimum.

To KNOWING, and to know-how. we must add a third dimension-- know WHY. A person who knows a Kl'r.'tI. dcal may be a scliolar, -i mgr. a savant. He is not nccw i-'-sax-ily a teacher. A person who knows and knows how is n crafts- man. But only it person who knows and known how and know: Why is fully entitled to claim the status of a profession. Teaching .i: a profession is more than an, -H-iiliratiiiii of knowledge and cf' aulitino skills. Human growth and lr-mining are complex and variable. The learning and teaching that are iniolved in apparently common- p'.;ii-l-. activities like reading and ”llHI1s: are, in fact. ninrvels and uvviiilris. The processes of learn- lml occur in different individuals and under varying circumstances. behind these variations, awaiting ilir discovery. are the basiic laws mil principals of learning. A true in rssion will seek patiently and WW ..-lcntly to find and to under- stand these principles. Preparation for such a profession should lay the foundation for a deep and life- Wliz lIll0i'CSl in these matters. Tlw: old saying that teachers are llurt. not made is ii dangerous ll-ill-IIlllI'l. it is about as true as it i-nuld be to say physicians or rninnccrs are born and not made. ll may be true, indeed it often is lllu. that teachers are born and "ill liaid. But that is another sub- Jrit

Whrn we confer here at Oslo about, the education of teachers up are dealing with one of the lllllv basic problems and needs "l "U? llrofcssion. It is not a side- issuc. it is the heart of the mat- l"I'. in this modern world neither ""3 Slice.-ch, nor a free press, nor lmpular government, not universal rllucation, can long endure with-

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lboundarics of nations.

out I well-educated and constant- ly renewed supply of professional teachers. For if the character and quality of teachers are neglected. free speech will become ignorant talk, and a free press will become merely another means of propa- ganda. and popular government will become shoddy government, and universal education will be- come sterile and perfunctory."

The following excerpts are from the presidential address of Mr. Ronald Gould at this same con- ference: ”The main task of W. C. 0. T. P. is to help each other, anti to promote international under- standing. The secret of peaceful co-existence and the secret of willing co-operation in worthwhile tasks are being learned by teachers in W. C. O. T. P., and when we find that differences which are so deep and fundamental cannot be reconciled then we learn to work together in spite of them.

In other fields, people are strug- gling with diff rence between na- tions often with littlc success. Would it not be a great tribute to the teachers of the world if we cotlld demonstrate that despite differences of opinion we have dis- covered not only the secret of peaceful co-existence but of wil- ling co-operation? Only people of high moral qualities can be stic- cessful in such a task. You have already shown that you are cap- able bf such outstanding moral leadership, and. as our work dev- elops, I hope still ftirthcr evidence of that leadership will be fortit- coming.

I believe that teachers should be standard bearers of progress and civilization, not only in hamlets but in the wider world of affairs. We are members of a profession. pledged to promote iiitcrintioniil co-operation amongst teaclicrs. But is it too imicii to hope that w-- can show that iiiistinderstanciingzs amongst teachers can be removed. that teachers with widely different views can work together in com- mon tasks, that peaceful and

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a dream but a fact? If we can succeed in doing all this. we should show others the way. We should be standard bearers of progress and courageous enough to lczirn from past successes and failurn.'s and to press on with the iiurk so well begun.”

Mr. John Prior. now past-prcsi- dent of our Canadian Tcachci'5' Federation was head of the Cana- dian delegation of fourteen inciti- bers this past summer and in his report in our Conference at Van- couver last summer he said:

"The World Confederation is now

an esta'b1ished fact. lts progress to date should give rise neither to great hopes nor to profound dc- spair or cynicism. Sober reflection leads one rather to surprise that the machinery exists at all, I be- lieve it shows clearly, despite division, distrust and fear, that the spirit of teucliers in fll:ll1)' countries reaches out across the It shows that there is I deep desire to move forward with others in ser- vice to our great profession. With some humility, allied with a con- viction that a true fraternity is desirable, and tiltiiiiately possible, there is iiiticli that the organiza- tion can accomplish. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the fine spirit and keen interest: of our delegation. The members were Co-opCl'alivo, painstaking. and most sinccro. At all times durin,': the conference, I was proud to be a Canadian and, in particular. I came to realize the honour ac- corded one when he is named to head A delegation from this culin- try.

NATURAL SCIENCE NOTES Turtles and Tortolscn

Turtles and tortoises are found all over the world. The larii spre- ics are called tortoises, while those which spend most of their time in the water are known as turtles. The latter have webbed feet and their shells are not so high and dome-shaped as those of the tortoise family. The lor- toises are clumsy in the water and sometimes live in dry, dcscrt lands. Almost like survivors from an earlier age in the world's his- tory are these giant reptiles, still found in considerable numbers in parts of Africa and the South Seas.

in the London Zoo there is an

the seientihcnlly balanced

friendldy copxlstcncc is not Jiistl

For silkier cont, brighter eyes, added energy and. happier disposition-feed your cat Puss 'n Boots . . .

ancient giant tortoise named Moses. No one knows how old Moses is, but age has not taught him table manners. After eating all the cabbage he can hold, Moses impolitely sits on several more in an endeavor to keep them from his relatives. Probably he'won't eat them for some time. for the giant tortoise can live for many months without food.

Some tortoises reach astonishing dimensions. measuring three to fourifeet in length and weighing as much as six hundred pounds. Specimens of giant tortoises have been kept in Zoos for one hundred and fifty years and more.

0 O 0

OCEAN SQUID

Among the residents of the ocean few are as strange at the squid. This animal has long arms and is able to move by jet propulsion. It can make little flights through the air by using the force of jets of water.

The body of the ordinary squid has a shape very much like that of a cigar. The arms extend from one end. Back of the arms is the head which is adorned with a large eye on each side.

Squids are of many sizes. Mil- lions of them in the Atlantic are only six or eight inches long with arms about two inches in length.

Besides Ithcsc small squid are dozens of larger ones. In some northern parts of the Atlantic,

giant squid are found lfrom thirty to fifty feet in length. In the giant squid the arms are longer than the body and a.'c ten in number. Two of the ten arms are much longer than thc other eight. These long arms are used to seize fish and other objects for food.

A squid's jet comes from a tube zit the front of the body, near the base of the arms. As the liquid is forced out, the squid moves backuaiu. Sonietimcs the liquid is El blackish ink, and this makes a cloud in the water. The backward moving animal may escape from enemies this way.

The Torrid Zone has many of thc so-called flying squids, and these can make longer leaps through the air than their relatives. One of them may carry out a dozen backward leaps in succes- sion, using jet power just before cach leap.

THE COWBIRD

The featherd gvictims of cowbird are learning how to dou- blc-cross it. A means has been dis- covered of off-settling the na Sty habit of the cowbird of laying its eggs in thc nests of other birds, thereby saving itself the trouble of hatching them and caring for the young. The eggs are too heavy. in many cases, for the owners of the nests to move. in some cases they may not be able to discrimin- late between them and their own eggs. When the cowbirds hatch. lthey are likcly.to crowd out -of the nest the fledglings of the rightful liicciipants. i This challenge has been met suc- lccssfully hy tiie yclluwg Warbler- To lay its own csss. it simply builds a second floor over - the nest in which the strange egg has been deposited. it thus leaves the alien egg to cool off in the cellar. ; 'l'lic yellow warblcr is not I-I10 lonly bird that has learned to do this, but it is the only one that does it regularly and persistently in spite of repeated contributions from the cowbird. I:.ven if the ,wiirblcr has one of its own CEES tin the nest when the cowbird's 688 HS (lcposiled, it may bury bolh me Qggs by building a story above them. I But the cowbird is very per- sistcnl and keeps on laying. 38 successive storeys are added to the mast, by the pcrscvering and enci- gctic warblcrs. Two-story MSIE are very common. and as man) as six storeys have been recorded. In one case a six-storey M51 W55 built with a cowbirds egg in ev- ery one. CRAPAUD W. 1-

The annual meeting of the Craps and W. I. was held in Institute Room with the President in the chair. Creed was repeated and roll call was answered by 34 mmlbe” pay-iiig dues. Minutes. were read and adopted. The President 38” I brief report on the year's work.

Mrs. Amy Howatt and Mrs. Eb- sgry reported on the school oom- Iniittee. Requested were paper 61195- iwash basin. soall. WW9-'1 GIJPCHSIHV It was moved that these be put; an

cliasrtl. Gladys Nichol-5011

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ration thiu'.: made from

fresh whole fish and other health-building ingredients.

If in 2 weeks your cat doesn't show very marked I improvement, your money will be cheerfully refunded. I

serum. Ti-owsdsis reported or. sick committee. as follows: A sunshine

box. four calls with treats were nude. b

Treuurer gave her report as fol- lows: Total Receipt: 5865; Ex-

penses 501; Balance 5361.00. Report on Rink receipts - 83700.00; Bal- uice 01000.00 Report on Fiddlers contest that 350.00 was cleared.

It was decided by ballot that the Institute put on the Masonic Ban- quet. Bill for dental clinic was pre- sented. Money was received from Breadalbane for Clinic of last year. Correspondence included letters from the Drama Festival Associa- tion. Carleton W. I. Shur-Gain Cavalcade. Rhoda Lawther gave a report on the Crapaud History being compiled.

It was moved that the entire slate of officers be re-appointed as follows: President, Amy Howatt; lst Vice-President, Florence Myers; 2nd Vlce-President. Lorna. Nichol- son: Secretary, Margaret MacDon- ald; Treasurer, Ruth Simmons; Dir- ectors. Elva MacDonald, Miriam Harvey, Leta Ferguson; Auditors, Jean McGaughey, Rhoda Lawther.

It was moved to buy new cur- tains and floor enamel forilnstitute Kitchen. It was moved to buy tic- kets to use for suppers and enter- tainment. s5.00 was. voted for the Protestant Orphanage and 31.00 was voted for the Jubilee Fund.

Committees were appointed as follows: Masonic Supper Food com- mittee. Jean Myers. Ruth MacDon- ald, Margaret Dawson. Mrs. Fraser; school committee, Blanche Judson, Florence Myers; sick committee, Leta Ferguson, Agnes Myers; lunch committee, Eva Fall, Gladys Nichol- son, Florence MacDonald.

It was moved that 3200.00 be vot- be voted for the school as follows: sl00.00 for debt, sl00.00 new seats. Meeting adjourned. Lunch was serv- ed.

INDO - CHIN A

The truce ln Indo-China brings an uneasy peace to Asia and to the world. For the Western na- tions this cease-fire marks the beginning of a showdown with the communist world.

The anti-communist. countries of the world will use the period of peace to organize their defence and make ready to try to prevent any further outbreak of war.

The truce terms between France and the communist-lcd rebel troops are as follows:

I. Vietnam will be divided along the 17th parallel. The commu nists will retain the territory to the north of that line, including the city of Hanoi. The southern part of Vietnam will remain in French

the ha

2. Cambodia and Laos will re- tain their independence with the exception of two small provinces which fall under communist rule.

3. A three power commission composed of Canada. India, Poland will supervise the truce agreements. In two years time elections will be held in Vietnam to give the peo- ple an opportunity to choose in unified government.

. . .

SEATO

Though an agreement has been slgned whereby the war in Indo- China has ceased. yet neither side is relaxing. The Communists arr greedy for more territory. and France knows that sooner or l;it- er they would like to gain all of Indo-China.

The outcome of the conflict in Indo-C-hlna brings the threat of war to the rest of southeast ASH: the loss of which would put the communists in 9. position to attack India, Pakistan, the Phiilipincs. and possibly Japan and Australia. Therefore a group of eight nations:

fence plus Ind artist 15' known as the Southeast Asia Treaty organization. tSEATO).

. . .

KOREA

At the end of hostilities .. Kor- en, the country was tut divided into two parts. The portion north of the 38th parallel was placed in charge of Russia. while the United States was given charge of super- vising the southern part.

Russia wanted all Korea to be controlled by the communist. gov- ernment. The Unlted States want- ed Korea to be free.

The two Korean nations look at each other with suspicion. There is constant danger that fighting may break out again. South Korea President Syngman Rhee wants to reunite his nation under one

government. He asked United States to assist him in it war against North Korea and Red

China, but the United States would rather see .some solution through the United Nations.

The Western Nations and their allies in the East are gravely con- cerned over both Korea and Indo- china, but the United States would Southeast Asia Treaty Organiza- tion tSEA'IO) will safeguard the free nations of Asia.

CANADA'S POPULATION

Canada's population is now more than M. higher than the 1951 census figure and is well over 15,- 000.000.

The Bureau of Statistics reported on August 4 that at June 1, the population was estimated at 15.- 195.000. This was 3. 515,000 gain over the previous year.

- . . .

OTTAWA: The new Cabinet.

Prime Minister - Rt. Hon. Louis St. Laurent.

Trade and Commerce - Rt. Hon. C. D. Howe.

Agriculture - Rt. Hon. James Gardiner.

Health and Welfare - Hon. Paul Martin.

National Revenue - Hon. James J. Mecann.

Labour - Hon. Milton Gregg. V

. C. External Affairs - Hon. L. B.

Pearson.

Justice -- Hon Stuart Garsoii.

Public Works -- Honf Robert Winters.

Veterans Affairs - Hon. Hugues LaPointe.

Finance - Hon. Walter Harris.

Mines - Hon. George Prudharn.

Postmastcr General e- Hon. Al- cide Cote.

Fisheries - Hon. James Sinclair.

Defence - Hon. Ralph Camp- ney.

Solicitor General -- I-Ion. W. Ross MacDonald.

Citizenship and Immigration - Hon. J. W. Pic-kersgill.

Northern Affairs -- Hon. Jean Lcsage.

State Secretary Pimrd.

Transport -- Hon. George Marler.

. . .

Hon. Roch

This de.p.1rt.ment is conducted by the Prince Edward Island Teach- ers' Federation. Contributions are welcomed and should be sent to Estelle Bowness. General Secret- ary, 98 Prince St. Charlottetown.

NEW MARRIAGE LAWS

NEW YORK (AP)--A modifica- tion of Jewish marriage law in the United States was made public Saturday. Its purpose is to halt hasty or frivolous divorces. Larg- ely. it calls for a new marriage contract provision which specifies that, in the case of matrimonial difficulties which might lead to divorce, there must be it concilia-

'1'he Guardian Page 9 15, nu

Monday. Nov.

Lovely Lace

IN MEMORIAM

FRANCES COLLINS MICPHERSON

Sud were the hearts of his many loved ones. as well In those of the residents of Ulgg. Vernon Riv- er and vicinity, when it was learn-

ed on Sunday. Sept. 19th, that Francis Collins MacPherson, son of Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Mac-

Pherson of Uigg had been called to. his heavenly home.

Deep sympathy goes out to hisi grief-stricken parents and broth-j ers. Don, Alfred, David. Francis had been in perfect health until ten days before his death, when he became ill and a few days later developed polio, which caused his death.

His friendly smile, happy dis- position and great desire to be helpful and courteous, endeared his fellow employees at the Co- Operative Store in Vernon River, where he had been employed for the past two years. His largely attended funeral was held on Monday, Sept. 20th to St. Joachlm's Church. Vernon River, where Re- quiem High Mass was celebrated by Rev. Urban Gillis, who also performed the services at the grave. Rev. K. C. MacPherson was present in the Sanctuary. Rev. Sylvere Gallant assisted in the Choir.