. Galvlllalsoods- etidefibloylrnber suoh advances totoiled nearly"

_ PAGE FOUR

"run: GUARDIAN

. ~ Morning Dolly (Founded In 153T‘). Authorised as Second Clue Mall. foot Office

' Department. Ottawa. , *-“ u; is. “ Vice-r. " ‘ Wm- R- Ilrnett; 8eoy.-'l‘tea|., G. M. Burnett; 54ml" "ll flung-lag Director, J. R. Burnett; Associate Editor.

Frank Walker.

' "The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

Eiiannorrnrovvn THURSDAY. ma. 5. 1945 The Fishery Conference

ln his excellent address on export market- ing of canned fish at the East: Coast Fisher's! Conference in Quebec City, Mr._S. H. Burhoe, president of the P. E. l. Fisheries Federation called attention to what he termed "the most important factor" in the successful marketing of our Island lobster pack during the war years. This factor was advertising. "lt cost a lot of money in relation to the number of cases mar- keted," Mr. Burhoe conceded, "nevertheless the result was that the entire pack has been mar- keted on this continent and continues to be done. l agree that the impetus of war condi- tions played its part, but I still believe that the results of this good advertising placed lobsters in a position not known before in the Western hemisphere."

While the canned lobster marketing pros- pects are promising this year, the same cannot be said for other important lines, such as can- ned herring, mackerel and chicken haddie. Most of the importing countries of the world are con- fronted with a dollar shortage, and unless some canned fish are moved under the Marshall Plan the outlook for East Coast packed fish is dis- couraging. The Department of Fisheries, Mr. lurhoe agreed, should use every effort to have canned fish included in ny purchases from Can- ada for overseas. This is a reasonable request, as there is no more healthful commodity than fish, and no better way in which money for food supplies could be expended. lt would seem, how- ever, from the remarks of the Deputy Min- ister of Fisheries, Mr. Bates, that there is little indication at present of any fish being purchas- ed under a relief programme, either by the Can- adian Government or underthe Marshall Plan.

One cannot understand this attitude, or Irat of our Dominion Department of Fisheries ll accepting it unprotestingly. However, there ls one solution which suggests itself along the line of Mr. Burhoeis remarks. Would it not be possible, by following similar methods, to dupli- cate the results achieved in disposing of our canned lobsters on this continent during the war? An intensive campaign of advertising, both iri Canada and the United States, should-not only succeed in selling all our surplus canned herring, mackerel and chicken haddie, but would make our own people more fish conscious and give us an assured market for these commodities for years to come.

Banish Baoon Problem

Denmark has always been regarded as Can- eda's chief competitor in the British bacon mar- ket and news of the Danish bacon iri-dustry is al- ways of interest to Canadian farmers. Recent data issued by the Dominion and United States Departments of Agriculture indicate that Dan- leli hag producers have been in trouble lately.

Severe drought during early Spring and sum- rner resulted in serious declines in dairy produc. tron and ll‘! almost doubled cattle slaughterings "l H" P°Y|°d J"l'Y_ l l0 5¢Ptember 6, as compared zo the same period _of 1946. This in ‘turn af- flsml illPPllfl 0f dairy by-products for the swine i: ustry and coupled with high price; and ma. d'"_"°'¢_'l7 0f other feeding stuffs resulted in

eclines in breeding operations. The trend is clearly shown "by a comparative table of the 1936-39 four year average at October 7 with similar surveys in I946 and I947 and also with the mid-November surveys for I946 and 1941 A census every six weeks in the Danish pig in.

aistry gives information on current trends, as compared with only quarterly estimates of pm. duction and semi-annual estimates of numbers on farms in Canada. The table shows a very severe curtailment as compared with the p". war avera e and oints the ' _ 'Idian DOC?!" in the British THplIPIFkIIEHItY for c"

Astronomical Figures

The lastest official bulletin shows a surplus

. ll’ Ottawa of more than $646 millions on cur-

rent account in the first nine months of the _year ending March 3| next, that is, iipta the end of December. Proiection of this gap between income and spending for the next three months points to a surplus for the full fiscal year in the neighborhood of $850 millions, possibly more, says The Montreal Gazette. But several factors raise doubtfg at least questions which need clarifying, as to whether the overall position of the Government will in fact show an actual cash surplus of these proportions which can be ap- ta debt retirement, tax reduction or other- WIO. s During rhe some period the Government

' has been making cash advances to the British

dlidforelgn governments to meet drawings on

i” 0001300" credits advanced by Canada, to en-

"dle those governments to finance purchases of In the eight months to the

Q7 filllldtie and doubtless are well ever the H ~nrork by now. .

enplained that these ltems are car- al joccount, "as a repayalile invest- not eltei’ the total ehown as car- siirpliis. lat the ordinary mind, rin-

‘cemplexltles of national wmflId it difficult to understand FIMBIM‘ of cash can be used

jlilhlgadvanoel‘ to foreign gov- ‘ , a l!!! cash surplus use lewrltefeff debt. t" trim low

advanced, if regarded as an investment to be repaid, constitute a capital asset and thus N- duce the net debt position in the overall bal- ancing of accounts. But assuming that the for- eign advances were made out of cash resources and not borrowed, it is confusing for public con- sumption to carry them as a capital asset and show no corresponding reduction in current position as to cash surplus. And in any event, there is considerable doubt that the export credits ever can be repaid, certainly not in full, in which case the "capital assets" would have to be written off ‘and the surplus account ad- justed accordingly.

- EDITORIAL NOTES -.

The first R. A. F. College for the training

of airmen was founded at Cranwell, London, this

date i920.

' i i i I

Prince Edward lsldnd looms large in Ottawa

and Quebec these days in the reorganization of

our main industries, agriculture and fisheries. I i I I

There was no mad rush for nomination for civic honours yesterday-a sign of either satis- faction arindifference with rggard to the ad- ministration of city affairs. i I i W Today in Edmonton, Alberta begins the trials of three men arising out of the publication of a Toronto magazine. Whatever the verdict they will have had to go a long way to meet their accuser. Q Q I U With the scarcity of steel holding back re- covery both here and in Europe it would seem that the decision of the Canadian railways to specify all-steel equipment is decidedly ill- timed. I I I I The continent~wide fuel oil scarcity is like- ly to have long felt repercussions. Oil com- panies are diverting production from gosolene to fuel oil with the probable consequence that motorists will go short this summer. I I I I

The president of Canada Permanent Mort- gage Corporation complains of being "com- pelled to restrict the growth of our assets owing to the difficulty of finding satisfactory invest- ments for all the money offered us." lt would seem to be a good time to brooch a housing scheme. O I fi I Thai; fellow Canadians will waste little sym- pathy on residents of Vancouver struggling about this week in one inch of snow. ln fact there may even he detected a feeling of relief that for a while at least they will be spared the hearing of how Vancouver flower gardens are getting along. I I! fi W

Prime Minister Mackenzie King told the Commons he will consider 'a suggestion by Mr. Gordon Graydon (PC-Peel) that‘ a small commit- tee be established to review possible changes in sitting hours of the House arid in general pro- cedure. Mr. Graydon said nothing would speed the work of the session more than bringing up to date the antiquated Hiouss rules. -

A spokesman for the Canadian Federation of Mayors and Municipalities, which held an in- formal meeting in Ottawa, announced receipt of a letter from Finance Minister Abbott saying the government was giving "thorough study" to the question of "payment of taxes on Crown proper- ties" but could announce no decision yet. Mr. Abbott's letter said it would be some months yet before the Government had possession of all the data it needed and a decision would only be made "after the fullest study." I I I U

Montreal is prepared to go to almost any lengths to black the St. Lawrence Seaway scheme. The Montreal Gazette has gleefully seized upon a geologist's report ta the effect that earth- quakes might destroy the works as now planned and close the scawiay altogether.

The Unemployment Insurance» Fund now ex- ceeds $425,000,000. The rates of unemployment insurance are based on wages prevailing from l92l to l93l. During the fiscal'year 19464947 a year when the average rate of unemploymenh was probably not more than hatf of what it was in the best year of I926, $43,000,000 was, paid by the government in benefits. During i946- l947 there were 2,275,“ people ingurgd undgy the act and their contributions, the contributions of their employers and government and the in- terest on their investments totalled $98,752,000.

I I U i

_ Parliament's experts on foreign affairs are givlng careful study to a little-publicized section of Mondays speech by Mr. Lester B. Pearson, Under Secretary of State for External Affairs, says an Ottawa correspondent, in which he did a little bit more than wonder. Mr. Pearson, Perltqpg b". ter informed on the U. N. than any other Can- adian, said that the veto mode it lmposslslg in organically strengthen the organization/that the veto stood in the way of genuine collective sec- plrity, but that any attempt to abolish the veto _would"mean the quick break-up of the organ. nation at the present stage, But he pressed for a limitation of the veto power and suggested two extreme and one middle-ef-the-reod course. .At one extreme, the U. N. ‘could carry on as at assent and hope for the best. Then he declar- . z "Asecand, at the other extreme, is to in- flit on a spitable amendment of theChdrter, and if that is‘ blocked by ti veto then to scrap the present organization and form a new one with a charter which will permit it to work. _lf any state wishes to stay out, that would be its privilege and its responsibility. This is a drastic course which should, of course, be adopted only as a last des- perate resort." A return to old-fashioned col- lective security, but within the framework of the U.-N. was his middle course. He described it as prefer to the virtual iunklng of the U. N. Vthoiigb it is not nearly so satisfactory as an agreed limitation of thereto by convention or by amendment of the charter would be."

~ -»:L-»-..»A

Next le runaway prices, n shower bath ln a strange hotel ls the hardest thing to regulate — Sratford Beacon-Herald.‘ _

Clplll being whll lb ll, the savings from productive effort». ls worthy of its hire —- and blg business ls entitled to a moduli profit for efficient ‘service. - Mon- treal Financial Times.

A Windsor nnn spanked his wlfe with is frying pan because she had developed the habit of staying out. until midnight. and refusing to wash the dishes. A case of running into the fire and the frying pan at. the same time. - Brantford Expositor.

Whnthappenstioipot-etolssthe hands of most. cooks le almost ln- credlble l! the evidence were not so abundant. It ls peeled, boiled and then-mashed, with a lot of its food value going out with the peels and the water. Experts say that n spud routed or boiled in lLs skin loses practically none of lbs vitamin C; one peeled and boiled loses twenty per cent. and, 1f it ls also mashed, l! loses n total d Xlltiy per cent-Windsor Star.

Mose novels. particularly most short novels, are too long. Between the Jen-thousund-word short story (which ls g, long short story) and the seveny-flve-thousand word navel (which 1s a short novel) stretches a barren desert without a single water-hole. Plenty of stories, ff left to themselves. would come to a halt. if they dared, some- where ln that dusty stretch. But neither the magazln nor the back publisher ls interested. That Ls why g lot. o1 authors with thirty-thous- and-word ideas bl0w them up into nlnety-thousanyl-word novels -- Saturday Review of literature.

A graphic lllintertloss has oarne to us from Dun and Bradstreet. Inc., showing how building costs havg varied in the United States over this past 32 years. observes The Hairnllton Spectator. All figures are taken from the U. S. Bureau of labor atstlstlne. For every dollar paid are tn l92l! for etiesa materials llCfg .1- what ff. would cost. you (wholesale) now: Cement, $1.20; structural steel. $1.40; (ll; went up to $1.96 in the First World War): brick and tile, $1.64; lumber, $2.87 (king pin). Labor costs have up to $1.51 on hourly wage rate basis.

—A disease known no blrcls d'e- back has been seriously affecting the birch stands ln the Maritime Region of Canada for a number of years and ls now reported to be threatening the merchantable stands of yellow and white birch ln Quebec and Ontario. An insect. known as the bronze birch borer ls found attacking the affected trees and 1| largely responsible for their death. Studies by forest entomo- loglsla, however, have shown that the borer attack ls dependent on a weakening of the trces by other causes. The possible causes are being investigated by forest patho- logists and there 1s some evidence that. the condllon ls initiated by a vlruis of fungous infect 0n- — QUE- bec Chronicle Telegraph.

In these days of a new educa- Llanal outlook we four that, some educators consider the basic "three R's" are somewhat. arid-Victorian. It ls a common complaint that. young people starting in business offices and on their way to the prvfesslons have not t-hvgroundng In handling the King's English that was expected 15 or 20 years ago. Any young persons who leave school with a high school educa- tion and cannot spell or put a sentence together properly are likely to make a very bad impress- lon as they seek to make their way lri life. We fear there ls too much tenden ln our schools to uvcP-CmPTlBSlZ the modern "pro- ject.” forgetting that. after all. Lhereb a good deal to be said for the "three R's“, - Leihbrldge Herald. '

Bale nretal and rlron stocks have done very little ln the way of reflecting the mines’ good situat- ion, says The-Northern Miner. The public doesmtiseem to understand the expansion that is ln progress. Nor do the pi-ospectors,.developers and mlnlng financiers. The setup looks like a natural for the long- hearled. The gold mining industry la all right. Any industry that could take all that lt has to wile!‘ and yet be still ln there fighting must. have plenty of stamina. It wlll work out. of its troubles and shareholders and property owners wlll be glad they never lost. heart. But. it. does seem that prospectors. financial men and others who are Lurnplllfllflfl of things being slow are being a bit slow themselves about recognizing what's going on tn the base metal deparyment.

-Mr. Perk Munroe; (London): ‘lb my way of thinking there are two types of economists. If a man. no matter how small, has opened up a shop on Manda morning. sweeps 1t. out, runs ll. all week sell- lne gocdl. handles help and de- liveries, pays his blllr, pays tile payroll on Saturday, taker heme the bacon to meme and lives e

. dollar to church on Sunday. he lb

s “ I economist. "He has learned the only practical way. 0n the other trend. most. of those who was jobs u ecanomala ‘handling the biggest. business y tfie world, which is government ‘bilslners, learn It. ftbm°bdoltl In‘ school. I went to school. believe lt. or no. and the’ answers were in tile beck

the lain whether we were r-lgboor not before we sent In our problem. if wr ed afgexln book. Those who do Jobs es economists look ln the beck of the book There ll no enewerthereena the lost.

they a1 an ea theories. - Cara- mone mama.

grrgnnofrs-rrrown

By nu Way-

JHQCY” ' Ill,

Nobody Coirldililave . Had Less Excuse

Montreal Gazette)

years ln your cue wlll be adeq- uste."

!t- was with these words that Mr- Justlce Wllfrld hazure Yestierda! concluded hits judgment ln the cue of Dr. Raymond Boyer-

Earlier ln delivering lilo lads- ment Mr. Justice Lazure had 81"" the reasons why he had arrived at. this particular sentence. The adeq- uacy of these reasons deserves ex- nmlnatlon.

Mr. Justice Lazure b88911 by statlna that Dr. Boyer was endow- ed with a brilliant mlnd. had sc- qulred the arts of science, and had given generously of his sift-s w l-ils country duflfll "l6 W!" f?! wsr. But Dr. Boyer was not. belnl tried for what. he did for his coun- try but for what he dld elllmf his country. Endowed as he ls with a brilliant mlnd and skilled as he ls 1n the arts of science. he W" tn an exceptionally inwentsgeous position to know the importance o! the information he was llleclllv divulging. As Mr. Justice Lazure, somewhat lnconslstently, admits, no one could have acted with lee! excuse.

I I O

Secondly, Mr. Justice lariure sale. that he had been told that, Dr. Boyer ls a perfect gentleman. But surely n. perfect gentleman ls not one who ls prepared W lifll-II)’ hi! mums-y. And ln any case ll. does not appear why s. perfect gentile- man should suffer a‘ lesser penalty for his crime than l! he had, had‘ the misfortune not to be s. pcfleol gentleman.

"Thlrdly, Mr. Justice Lazure said that 1t was not. ‘for personal pain 01‘ ambition that. m. never MM as he did. But. the consequences of Dr. Boyer’: betrayal, and of the divulging of similarly important military information, are hardly to be made the-less serious by "l" mollvee for which the crime may have been committed. Certainly Canada's omelala ere not to b0 made any the more secure t! the principle ls established that. clem- ency wlll be extended if the be- trayal has been mule only for ideological reasons.

rburthly, Mr. Jusblce Iazute any! that. he thinks that D1‘. BOYBI’! act was the result of putting lnto practice e theoryiwhlch he con- sidered well founded. but» which was “clearly in contradiction o! the criminal law o! this country and all other countries." But surely l! Dr. Boyers theoft’ W" clearly in contradiction of the criminal law of this countri 8nd all other countries, it could hardly be regarded as Pflrl-lfillllfl! W!“ founded.

Flfthly, Mr. Justice Lazaro say! that Dr. Boyefs oflence does not have "the detestable character u- sorlated with those others perpet- rated by persons whose sale aim was later-est and ambition." But. if Dr. Boyer happened, by ha)??? @11- cumstences and advantages, have been lifted above the temp- tations of interest and ambition. this would seem to have made his crime of an even more detestable character than that perpetrated bY those less completely removed than he from the lures of mercenary attractions.

slxthly, Mr. Justice Lazuie says that. the crime of Fred Rose ‘was of a much grave-r nature." For Rose was the chief of the division which entangled Dr. Boyer ln the web and gave him his particular task.

O I O

Yet. it could be reasonably argued that. the crime of Fred Rose was of a less grievous nature. He was the immigrant; the doctor was the native. He had been already lm- bued with Communist teaching: the doctor had not. He was a man of little formal education; the doc- tor was trained ln a number of universities. He had little wealth; ‘the doctor ls said to be n mllllon- aire. He was never alleged to be i; gentleman; the doctor ls alleged" to be a perfect. one.

It. does not. appear self-evident how Fred Rose incurred greater guilt ln entangllng Dr. Boyer in the web than Dr. Boyer dld in ba- lng readily entangled. Nor does it appear that he was more guilty in assigning to Dr. Boyer his perilou- lar m: than m. Boyer was in carrying ft out so efficiently.

Yet ln Mr. Justice Laura's judg- ment there ls an important siate- ment. In referring to the guilt. that Dr. Boyer must. have felt he says: “You knevrlt. well. for you worked 1n secret and unknown to your superiors."