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THE GUARDIAN

"gunk mm'IIIJIlMPrmeolInel.cbu I.&LE: rnfioxrinu Gumball: HERN- rwvou Plhoo ldiui lalul uh Ilo Ind” Smut, Prank Walker Geunl Inuit. III A- BIIIIIIN

gunman. Iu-nu-ile.Ilnnu(uoudIunorInu.AufIn " IuduIooo:.luA-lalIbv0iP0I'0Ul00D0IlI14lI3lI- ours

I: Carnot: c..u1nuzunn. sounnu-nan 115.00 all Imam. lib -an-our ll I-M 0tbuPn)vtnconnndU.l Lilli)! pa nnnum.

"Ibo strongest memory in weaker than tln weaken ink.”

l"Rll)Al', JANUARY 14, 1955.

New Provincial Treasurer

A portfolio of increasing importance in

the Government is that of Provincial Treas- urer, which has been assumed by the Hon. Keir Clark, Minister of Education, as an- nounced by Premier Matheson yesterday. Mr. Clark is well known for his ability and

g executive office to help him;

approval of Khrushchev and of the military authorities. left the. race for supremacy to three individuals who appear to have little in common apart from their desire for pow- -, er. Malenkov has the de facto prestige of Khrushchev has the machinery of party on his side; Zhukov has more or less control, and evi- dently the confidence, of the armed forces --a very valuable possession indeed. Out- wardly, especially on great State occasions,; these three try to give the impression that- they make up a ministry of all the talents. -a brain trust, as it were, for the good of Russia.

Reports are mounting, however, that Khrushchev, who is making two speeches: these days to Malenkov's one, will shake off the pretense and, with the party's strength behind him, give Malenkov the choice between accepting an inferior post

straightforward speaking in the Legislature, and for his experience as a business man, which will stand him in good stead in his new duties. l-iis immediate task will be to prepare the estimates and deliver the budget address in the House, which in re- cent years has been capably performed by Hon. Mr. Darby, now Judge of the County Court of Prince County. -

In addition to his other qualifications, Mr. Clark holds the degree of Bachelor of Commerce from Dalhousie University, and served as Mayor of the Town of Montague before entering provincial politics in 1947. He has been a conscientious adminstrator of educational affairs and representative of his constituency, the Third District of Kings. There is no doubt but that he will discharge his new responsibilities with the same zeal and ability, and that he will have the best wishes of members of both parties in maintaining the Province financially on an even keel. The Guardian joins in con- gratulating him upon his new appointment, although it is one in which there are more headaches than bouquets.

Congratulations also are extended Mr. J. George MacKay. Fourth District of Prince, who was sworn in yesterday as min-' ister without portfolio in the Government, of which he. has been a staunch supporter in the House since 1949.

Changes in Japan

Reports coming out of Japan seem to indicate that, although the Emperor is still held in deep affection and some measure of veneration by his subjects, the virtual deifi- cation he was accorded in the past is dis- appearing from the intellectual and political ways of the nation. It is evident, too, that the ancestor-worship of other days gradual- ly is being displaced by a sense of history resembling. but not identical with, that which is commonly associated with West- ern civilization. Whether these develop- ments will take on the character of per- manency and, if they do, contribute ma- terially to the continuance of good rela- tions between Japan and the West, re- mains to be seen: we can only hope that more good than harm will ensue.

It is interesting to recall. from news reports of fifty years ago, certain messages that were exchanged by Japanese officials at the termination of the Battle of the Sea of Japan, in which the Japanese fleet un- der Admiral Togo virtually annihilated the Russian naval forces under Admiral Roiest- venskv and established Japan as a firshrate naval power. The Minister of the Navy tclr-rvraplicd to Admiral Town as follows: "We send sinccrc conrvralulatirms and take occasion to praise the virtue of the Emper- or." From the Emperor himself came this word: "We are glad that hv the loyalty of our officers and men we have been en- abled to respond to the spirits of our an- cestors." We have no record of what Ad- miral Togo replied to his immediate super- iors: but to the Emperor be sent this mes- sage: "That we gained a success bcvnnfl our evnnctations is due to the brilliant vir- tue of Your Maiestv and to the nrotnr-lion of the spirits of your imperial ancestors, and not to the action of human being."

Struggle 'For Power

When. at the death of Premier Stalin, Soviet political power was transferred from an individual to something resembling a Cabinet. it was felt in some W:-ctern cir- cles that A slight weakening in Soviet in- iflilue might soon show itself and that. in due course, it might be a bit easier for the West to negotiate with Moscow on some- thing like mutually agreeable arms. it seems now that that slim hope was ground- less. If there has been any clwnoe at all, it seems to have been for the worse. Stalin's methods of diplomacy were harsh: but at least they were out in the open. and no one had any doubt as to who held the reins of power in Moscow. At the pres- ent time therels no such assurance. nor has there been since Malenkov took over the place of ieodenhio

me not uemi oh; that suim death wafthe ctartiag ” infra ruthless I'll!

of nnbittom eun-

r, ..v.r

to-

and going the way of his former associate, iBeria. If that should happen the way ;would be clear for the inevitable test of lstrength ,between a colossal party machine and military leaders. Of course, the most lextraordinary thing about all this-from our Western viewpoint--is that the great imajority of the Russian people have no iway of making their views known, since ithey have no real parliamentary repre- sentation and no voice in the councils of the party; most reports agree that Qiat right is reserved for less than 10,"? of the population.

Fishermen's Loans

According to a Newfoundland exchange,

the Fisheries Loans Improvement Act to be introduced in Parliament this session marks ,the first step in fulfillment of a promise made in that Province in 1953, that the' Government would endeavor to find means to extend "direct" credit to fishermen, thus relieving them from dependence on indirect credit through their suppliers. The Act 5 as proposed will not revolutionize the credit system, since it will not touch the normal system of spring outfitting. This will still have to be carried on by the merchants, by credit unions, or by the fishermen them- selves. However, when the fishermen want to go beyond normal outfitting, into the purchase of new gear, engines, and the like they will be able to receive direct credit from the banks, under a system of Gov- yernment-backed loans. ', The Act is to be patterned after the ;Farm Improvement Loans Act which has loperated in Canada for some years, and :has proved most successful. Loans are 'made directly to the producer concerned, ,bv any chartered bank to which he applies. iThe banks in turn are guaranteed against loss by" the Government, and in case of de- ,'fault the Government pays the piper. How- ever. it has been found in practice that only la very small number of farm loans are in fdefault, and Government expenditures on ;this head have been negligible.

i EDITORIAL NOTES

soonlg

g

O'I'FAWA REPORT

Split-Second

l By Pltrlck

'I'he.increasing complexity of the press conference was vividly dem- onstrated to me when I was vis- iting NATO headquarters in Paris recently. To us here in Ottawa. a press conference is invariably a cosy little gathering where almost equally invariably only the Eng- lish language is spoken.

Greater international co-oper- ation is bringing a wider interest in the affairs of other nations. This is turn nP(”PSSitai.e,I1 the presence of newspaper correspondents from all over the world in any big news centre. And this patchwork quilt of pournalists brings I Tower .of Babel of languages.

There are fourteen nat.ion-mem- bers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Three of these have English as an official language- two have French. The remainder all use their own distinctive tongue. French used to be the leading diplomatic language: English is rapidly replacing it. But mean- while international events such as NATO meetings are held on the basis that either language may be used. In the much wider field of the United Nations. of course. the tongue currency is very much broader than just two languages.

. o c

When Lord Ismay, the Secretary General of NATO. holds a press conference, the 400 seats ranged in front of him are wired for sound in two languages, and the press conference is carried on partly in English and partly in French.

A microphone stands on Lord

All Canadians, irrespective of creed,, will extend good wishes to Commissioner W. W. Booth as he assumes command ofi the Salvation Army in this country. Dcs-i I-cendcd from illustrious forbears, he comes' ;to us with a distinguished record of hu- jmanitarian service behind him.

1, The publishing house of Putnam's last, year introduced a plan whereby a book' that" the buyer did not like after re;"'inr:i it could be exchanged for another. Only 330 b'-ycrs out of more than 100 000 took the firm at its word and asked for some- l thing better. 0 O 0 Because of the large populations of :China and India it often is assumed that the Chinese and Indians are the most pro- lific peoples in the world. That isn't so, iaccording to a report made by the Popula- tion Reference Bureau of the United States. The distinction belongs to the Hutterites, a quasi-religious sect that lives in the North-Western States and in some parts of the Canadian West. Four hundred of them emigrated from Russia in the late '80's. Since then they have increased to ap- proximately ten thousand. By the end of the century, if the present rate continues, they will number half a million. Ten chil- dren make up the average family.

Albert Schweitzer, German-speaking theologian, philosopher, musician and physician. and one. of the greatest humani- tarians of the century, born this date, 1815. In 1913 he embarked with his wife for Lambarene, Gabon, in French Equatorial Africa, where they have since labored as medical missionaries. On Aug. 28, 1949, Dr.. Schweitzer received a great ovation when he was present at the bi-centeiinial celebrations of. Goethe's birth in Frankfort, but he-returned 1 few,mont.bl but to

lsmay's deck. Many other are suspended from the ceiling of the main body of the conference "the- atre. These microphones pick up every word spoklen by Lord Ismay or by his audience seated in the semi-circular rows of seats. Ampli- fiers and loud speakers throw the discussion back through the the- atre in perfectly audible tones.

- But these tones, although aud- ible, may be incomprehensible to some of the audience. owing to language difficulties. So the micro- nhoncs also carry the spoken word into two sound-proof translat.ors' studios. whose huge glass walls overlook the conference theatre. One or tlicsc is the English-langw aric sl'!zlio, 9'-e other is the French- lEfl".l'll",Q s1:dip. In each sits a

Tra nsiaiors

Nicholson

with two alternatives marked Just with the letters "E" and "F." By moving the swwitch. one can hear in the earphones all the proceed- ings, either as being spoken in the ,theat.re. or in the alternative language as being translated simultaneously in the nearby studio. And by putting on the earphones and switching between "E" and "F" - if one in bi- lingual - one can hear that the translator really is doing his job with a time lag of about half a sentence.

The pay-off of this system is the magical effect of hearing and neo- ing two people. able to speak no common language, carrying on a question and answer exchange. A remarkable experience. but just another example of how our world is shrinking in size through menls know-how and know-to.

the good Qmm

THE BLIND MAN'S WIFE

He cannot. see the plain tired face He only knows her warm embrace 15 beautiful, and very dear. He cannot: see the workwom hands. But only knows that all demands Are met with joy and cheer; Their homo kept airy, fresh. and clean. ' Their lawn and garden neat. and He! tgiiched the flowers bright. He feels the summer sun's warm glow,, - , The wind-swept. rain, the whirling mow, But she mupt be his sight. Through her he knows the green of spring. The yellow rose, 'Wlng, The golden clouds in sunset skies, Her love - his eyes.

the bird's red

-D. D. Cliff in Toronto Daily Star.

NOTES BY

It's easy enough to. derltnnd how the pioneers got along with- out gas or electricity, but how did they manage without cellophane tape or paper towels? -0111- cago Daily News.

Canadian: abroad an nmuwd at the assumption of outsiders that if you come from Van- couver you must know their cousin in Halifax and, if from Calgary, their nephew in Toron- to. The truth ll,tha.t the wander- ing Canadian often does. -Ottawa Journal. i

We really amazing the variety of commercial lists the average cit- izen's name in on. The same mail may bring an invitation to look at a 34,000 convertible and 1 aug- geatlon that he might be interested in the finance company's arrange- ments for I :20 loan before next payday. , --Edmonton Journal

so you think wd' make I lot of typographical mistakes, do you? But if - you will consider that in A abort. line like "To be. or not to be" it it possible to make 2,759,002 mistakes by trans- position alone, you may be surpris- ed that we maniac to be so com- ptehenslblo at all. -Peter-borough

translator, with earphones on his head.

can

If English is being spoken in the theatre. the French translator list-l ens carefu'”v to what is being said. and tran'lut.es it into French. if French is the language used by any speaker. then the English translator gets to work. g

At some international meetings. the translators have the com- paratively easy job of reading out their brain-child. But at NATO the translators do it the really tough way, through what is known as "simultaneous translation." The; translate each phrase as it is spoken: they generally run about half a sentence, or an aver- age of one second. behind the speaker. This is a truly remark- able feat. If you donlt believe me. try repeating in the same langu- age the radio news bulletin, and see how far you so without mu- sing some words. However these translators apparently develop split personalities, and churn out word- perfect, ' " tr ' ”

Bolh,the language rpoken from the theatre and the translation spoken from the studio are then fed into radio bi-ondcpting nil. from which they are transmitted into the airwaves via uni aerial hung round the corrlce on the in- side of the theatre. Every their in the theatre is ,,," d with I pair of earphones bud o miriaturc rldio receiving set, pbout the one and shape of ngten cent candy. nut bar. The radio receiving net in- conneated by two yard! of win to the earphones: other-win the adult!- meut In comectnd tot nothfnpond &I can IIIOVO I939 M

-an-:2-m'E .,.....,..... Cloned at

Exam lner.

And now we have I Jordan "5. which saved the life of its malter by waking him in time 'n flee a fire which was rapidly

THE WAY I

destroying the home. The fact; that the cat pawed its t '5

. "r

Page 4

E

In 1064 an Amer-ichn rocketed higher into U10 IUGI. t-W0 F-Such! man sank deeper into the Janina an nmiahman and an Australian run I. faster mile than any man nefote them. - .

It was an historic yen for rec- ord-brenklna. the National Geosta- phtc society reports in a yesr-end summary. Speed. distance, altitude and detcent mun set new tools of human achievement. l ,

such is the pace of modern ad- venturing that many of those marks may be broken again in 1965. Om portenpt.-of the future came in. a report. by 3 research laboratory in Maryland that wind tunnel speed: of some 12,000 miles per hour had been reached, is time: some speed and far exceed- ing the attained flight record of 1.850 mph. ' '

In August. Air Force Secretary Hamid E. Talbott Announced that an experimental plane had reached al new world-record altitude. The exact. figure lp still secret, but high quarters said "90.000 feet would be a good guess."

The plane was the rccket.-pow- cred Bell X-1A, which also holds the speed record. It was piloted by Major Arthur Murray, 35-year- old combat veteran. His ucent surpassed by at: least a mile the you-old altitude record by math. or plane of 88.235 feet. -

0 O 0

French Navy' officer: Georges Houot and Pierre Willm, employing an undersea gasoline balloon call- ed a. bathyacaphe, descended of! Dakar in the eastern Atlantic to I depth of 13,287 feet-two and I. half miles below the surface. They looked forward to building another such vessel to explore the lowest kno point in all the oceans, the 35, foot. Challenger Depth be- tween the Caroline Islands and Guam in the Pacific.

An English medical student. Rog- er Bannister, became the first man in history to run a mile in less than four minutes. On May 6 he crashed that formidable barrier with a time of three minutes 59.4 seconds. '

Six weeks later the Australian runner John Landy broke both the four-minute barrier and Bannis- t.er's mark. His truly spectacular tlme of three minutes 58 seconds now stands as the record.

The two men broke four min- utes in a single race later In the summer in the British Empire Games at Vancouver, British Col- umbia. Bannister outpaced handy and won 3:583 to 3259.6 in a race seen across most of North America by television. .

Diane Leather young British lab- oratory worker, became the first woman to run a mile in less than five minutes, breaking the mark by four-tenths of a second. New world records were also set for runs of three miles, 3,000 metres (1.5 miles), and 5,000 metres (3.1 miles), while A distance of 60 feet. was surpassed for the first time in

I Record lbreakingn Exploits

The wgrlufl second hl5f.-Tiialllogll

tam. u. uouwm Austen (A ..r, wu ueu by an 'u.a...au wmu. 52 ll fut mgu. am -1!

feet. lower than Moun. emu, ..-umbecl oy the Britten in luck. ' l I O

” d desconto into the earth were nude: Two French elvo ex- plorers climbed 235 feet down into the Belay: cavern near Cite. noble. and W young Italian Ipel- unkers penetrated morelthan 2,070 feet into the abyu of the Pm: cave north of Verona.

For freofall descentn, however,

gglttd championship: ey parachuted from a record half miles, electing themulven on successive days from 3 let bomber over the Gulf of Mexico.

In aviation. I Swedish "Flying. Barrel" jet. fighter broke the speed record for a 500-'-"'lomel:re' clued course (310 miles) with a speed of 977 kilometres per hour (606 mph).

The speed record from the Wen Coast to the East coast of the Un- ited States was cracked Icvonl times during the year. Three Navy jets flew from San Diego to New York in three hours. 46 minutes A single-engine propeller-driven plane piloted by a civilian. 61-year- old Joe De Bonn. flew from Loo Angeles to New York in four hours 24 minutes.

Late in November In airliner on the same route followed high "in stream" winds across the. contin- ent in five hours 38 mlnutelr An- 'other flight sped from San Fran- cisco to New York-in five bout 5'! minutes, and still mother roared from New York to Hawaii in elapsed time of 16 hours It min- utel.

The Age Old Story

Now the Lord In the! Spirit: and when the Spirit of the Lou! lo. ,3-hon ll liberty. But. we all. with open face bcholdfnx no In 5 (lo: the glory of the Lord, an changed Into the same image from glory to glory even u by the Spirit of the Lord.

CiUDMORE'S DRY CLEANERS

uoxencss Pbonobll

the 16-pound shot put.

face to arouse him may revive the old argument of whether dogs or cats are best in time of emerg- ency. James Montgomery, the own- er of the cat, will undoubtedly vote

for the cats. -St. Catharine: Standard. Today's gone:-ltlon (lead with

leisure hours is at a loss to know now to provide its own ways to employ the time. It Canadians in their quest for more time would set aside one day in the week for I day of absolu.e rest. most: of the popouiatlon would not know they have become accustomed to the squirrel-cage form of hectic living. They want some place to go and something to do. or some one to amuse them. -Moose Jaw Times-Herald. .

U. K. Shipyards in 1954 achieved thbhlchest annual pos.-war rate of merchant. vessel completions. The total reached 1 1-2 mi'lion gross tom. Orders received during the year amount J to 66" 000 tons and at the beginning of” 1.015 total orders stood atwlbout 1 14 million 'tons. This figure ll subrtzurialiy below the peak of seven mi"lon ton-' in the middle of 1952 The ,worklng down of the order book at an in- creasing pace to a level nearer normal tfllkcly to mean earlier deliveries in the future. -U K.

Information.

Boll, Matheson If floater I60 Richmond at

1. mar Blanchard. ILA.

our Queen on. Phone 4231

M. A. Farmer. 9.0.. LLB. Bank of Commerce Bldg. Gaudet 8 I-lasurd Bank of Bldg:

-Allison if Gillie. Ll..n. I" llalnnool I1 -mil I757

-A.wutnuoandet.u..3. fiflpulnl moan-gt.

Pubnotqllantuni ' mhdlovl-Corina”

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Ilocfboo I II-alnor MIC-.I.II It 9'' "F

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T'c':T-iiiz?fr'riAcroIf'” Dr. W. I. hunt I.

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HAND CREAM Nou.on:Asv” i

” -1'lw:..Gui-Plat" it

two Air Force officer: t.ook-uncle , in August. -

height of more than eight and 1,"