Elie walnuts! mutant.

.tbecausc he ‘himself occupied it during his lifetime. But to preserve order, encourage industry, and prevent the endless strife which would ensue on lands falling vacant,1he com- munity have given up the right, which they collectively have, to those who have obtained possession under such regula- dlons as are required either by the common or statute laws, -or under grant from some sovereign or legislature. Man, in dunking his first step in civilization, must necessarily give up many things which he has been accustomed to consider rights, and which are most dear to asavage and uncultivated mind, and a‘tasto lbrmed amidst the rough scenes of barbar- ous life. He unist exchange the wild and passionate excite- tnent of'huntiug and Whr,”for"the more monotononit scenes of peace and agriculture; the richly-carved bow and silvot" mounted rifle must be exchanged for the rough implements of labor; and the stately f'orm and graceful limbs ofthe hunter of the hills must stoop to mental employmei’its. His “strongest passions must also he brought under wholesome restraints: ~ From his harem of beauties he must choose one wife; and, when injured, instead of making a bullet or an , ,aqowth‘o‘swift mitiiister olbis vengeance, he must await the l slow process of'a legal tribunal. ’ '. "Wllat‘ma'n‘is he, then, who, brought up in the midst of civilization and refinement, cannot relinquish so trifling a prt-_ 'vilego as that of'occasionally taking a cup ol‘intoxicuting be- verage when . he sees sltch immense benefits accruing to society, by the extension of the total abstinence cause. Let him at once renouncoall the habits of civilization, and, seiz- ing the Weapons which the Savage has caSt aside, declare that henceforth they shall constitute his only means ol'snp- 1am, and form the only title. deeds to his property-;——like the feudal barons ofthe middle ages, whose greatest h0ast was theiidignorauco of letters, and their only law that of the two :—

, i “ By the sword we won our lands, ’ ‘ And by the sword we hold thcntstill." . . 7 ,

YANKEE CLOCKS IN EUROPE AND Imam—It is Well known througlwut’ the Union that Connecticut is the clock stale. “'0 are represented in every town by the tick we give. For the-last three years we havebeen gradually pushing our notes affirm: into foreign- countries; and such has been our suc- cess, that within a few hours’ ride of'this city one thousand clocks are finished daily, and it is a fair estimate to put down five hundred thousand clocks as being manufactured in this mtc’last year. This year the number will still be increased, a! John Bull is so slow in his movements, there is no hope ot‘~relbrtn until'be has plenty of'Yankee monitors. These are are now sending him by every ship that clears'front sea- port. In 1841, a few clocks were exported there as an expe- riment. They were seized at the Custom House in Liven pool, on the ground‘that they were undervalued. The in- woice price is $180, and the duties twenty per cent—They, however, were soon released, the owner having accompanied them, and satisfied the authorities that they could be made at a profit, even thus low. The first invoice sold for £4 to £5, or about $20 each. Since that time every packet car- ries out an invoice of the article, and 40.000 clocks have been soldflthero by one firm, Sperry 8L Shaw. Others are now in the business, and the North of Europe has alsi) be- come our customers. India, too, is looked to as a mart for thosé wares ;several lots have been forwarded to the ports of China. A thriving business is now doing in this line, and clocks to the amount ofabout a million ofdollars a-year are now manufactured in the state, which I assure you, gives em- ployment to many hundred persons—Rochester U. S. Demo-

”! MANAGEMENT AND TODD OI" DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

ill has been demonstrated by the most careful investigation, what an ox consumes, on an average, 2 per cent. of his own live' weight per day ofgood bay, to preserve him in condition. To accom lish ordinary labour, he requires to have this food increased y one fourth, consuming 2; per cent. per day. Now, what is the inference deducible from this fbct,and fact it iii“ principle, if not entirely in degree. Why, ,that'evcrt/ yoke Q/‘tdle calllc consumes as much food as is expended in the abourqftiyokc; that is, it requires as much to support5 yoke. idle, as 4 yoke at work;_or, one yoke will perform 4

"work-will: lhsjbod necessary to support them. jive do. 3 in

a. The nnprofitableness of allowing catll r " die is diminished in a great degree, 'vlrbcn appli‘cd‘to sf not entirely. attained their growth, when of'course; the food consumed goes to the increase of the uni vastly more economical, then, is that system which furnishes to working cattle in liberal quantity of nutritious food, and exacts from them, in return, a fair equivalent of labor.

A cow, not in milk, cats 2 per cent. of her weight in buy

r day, yet when giving milk, she requires but 3 per cent.

ith a given amount of pasture then, 2 cows may afford a good supply ofmilk, on what is necessary to support 3 which lilo not furnish any equivalent for the food consumed. The advantage, of keeping a smaller number of cowsfull fed, in which the milking qualities are welldeveloped, in preference to wasting the same food on a greater number of half-starv-

od annuals, ill adapted to the purpose required of them, is parf‘ectlyobvmus.

An ox cats but 45 per cent of his weight per dayto fatten, when, as we have said above, he consumes nearly halfthis amount to support life. How important to an economical expenditure of food then, that the fatting animals have all they can out, instead of'distributing it among a greater num— her; for it should always be borne in mind, that the vital ma- chine must in all cases deduct a certain amount to support itself, Mrs any thing is added in the shape of milk, labor, or fat, for the qfil ofthe owner.

'ttother important consideration is. to adapt the food to, the oqufldutrcd. It is well known, that different kinds of food vnry'essentiallym the principles which compose them. All kinds of gram, peas, beans and ripened grass contain a lunch greater proportion of nitrogen than fresh grass and hay cut/in blossom, roots, fruit, &.c. The fat of animals eon- uin no nitrogen, and butter scarcely an appreciable quantity, while the lean or muscular portion of flesh and cheese, eac'h contains a large proportion. It is well ascertained, that ofall the carbon taken into the stomach as food, the horse daily expires about 100 ounces, and a milch cow about 70 ounces, and an adult man taking moderate exercise,13.9 ounces, in the form ofcarbonic acid. The expenditure ofthe carbon of the food is under all circumstances absolutely essential to respi- ration. All action or motion, or force, requires an expenditure of the muscular portion ofthe animal, that is,the more highly nitrogeuized part. It follows, then, from the above principles, that for the performance of labour, well ripened grass and grant are requlred; and they are equally necessary to pro- duce the maximum of'cheese and wool, the peculiar princi- ple ofthe former, casein, and all. the latter, being highly ni- trogemzcd; whereas, iffatting alone is the object, roots may be-plentifully added to the hay and grain. Cows do ndt yield-so much cheese when confined in a stable as when rambling freely over a' pasture, though they will yield much more butter on the same food when confined. It is very properly supposed that exercise is essential to the fullest development of the casein in the milk, it being produced by the consumption of thetissuc, and its subsequent conversion gnto casein.

Another great consideration in the economical manage- ment ofsnimals is, that they be as well protected fi‘om cold and storms as circumstances will permit. The propriety of .this will appear from the fact, that the expenditure ofthe .carhon of the food, above stated, is required to sustain the .animal heat at the necessary temperature, and if this heat be abstracted, from any cause, as exposure to cold, wind, or wet, an additional amount of food is consumed to supply the waste thus occasioned. This is an inevitable deduction from the most firmly established principles of science, and howeverth health and thrift of animals which are subject to such exposure may appear to controvert it, actual expe- riment has fully confirmed the absolute certainty of the con- .clusion. Animals may be as healthy, and thrive Well when exposed-«folks inclemency ofthe weather, yet they will re- 1 quire a much greater quantity of food to produce the same pfl'ect- than fivvhen' properly housed and protected.—-flmrican

! . a, _. . .

PAPERS BY THE ACADIA. IRELAND.

COURT OF QUEEN’S BENCH, Nov. 8.

‘It being currently expected that the grand Jury would bring in their decision on Wednesday, the court was crowd: ed, and the greatest interest prevailed: " ’

rmmao or run BILL.

The Carat" Jo's'ricn, and Mr. Justices Boa'roa, Fresno, and CRAMPTON. resumed their sitting at tWenty minutes to four o’clock. Aller a few motions had been disposed of,

The high sherifi', l\lr. Latoucbe, said, that he was desired by the jury to say that they found a trite bill, and that they were signing it, and would bring it into courttn a few minutes. ‘ _

After some further delay, the foreman of the grand jury. Mr. G. 1“. Brooke. came into their box, followed by the rest ofthe jurors, and handed in the hillof indictment to the Clark ofthe Crown. Mr. Brooke said that he found a true bill ofindictment for seltfand fellow-jurors.

The ATTORNEY-Cessna said that the parties should be called, when one ofthe juro'rstr. O’Gorman)arose, and snid that be begged leave to eXpress his dissent to the bill ofindictment, as one ofthe jurors. -~

The Clerk ofthe Crown here called the names of the cused parties. Mr. T. Steele, Mr. Ray, and Mr. C. G. Bum]. answered to their names. Mr. Cantwell said, on Mr. O’Connell’s name being called out, that Mr. O’Connell would he in court in five minutes. ‘

Mr. Planet: MAHONY said that it. was impossible to gum admittance at the doors, there were such crowds. The high sherifl'directed that the police should clear the passages of the court.

Mr. Steele here addressed the bench, and said that he would take that opportunity to say that be was be their lordships under singular circumstances. [In begged leave to announce that he intended to defend himself without the aid ofcounsel, and that he refused to be prosecuted - by the Attorney-Gen‘eral—fbr he had already prejudng the case. even prevnous to the bills going before the grand-jury; but he would consent to be prosecuted by a much fairer man, the Solicitor-General.

Mr. O’Connell here came into court, attended by John O’Connell, Esq, and they took their places in the traversers’ )ox. '

The ATTORNEY GENERAL said he moved that their lord- ships should order the defendants to plead in four days, as in the case ofthe King 1). 0’ loans“, in 183l.

Cult-1r JUSTICE—“flint is the condition ofthe recogni- sances entered into by the defendants? '

Arroaasv-Gsxnaan.—It is to appear in person. 'In pur-

suance of the recognisances entered into by them they have all appeared, and now I call on them to plead in the time I have specified. 1 apprehend that the duty of the officer ofthe court will be now to state the charges against the defendants. Mr. HATCHELL, Q. C., said that he was not aware of such a course of proceeding. He now applied on behalfof Mr. Daniel O’Connell, that he be furnished with a copy of the indictment, under the provisions of the some not of parlia- ment quoted by the Attorney-General. r - The various counsel for the rest oftho defendants made similar applications on behalf of their clients, and Mr. Steele, on his part, made the same demand.

After much discussion, it was ruled that the copies should be granted them at six o’clock that night; that the __ rule to plead should be entered as from that day, but was to run from the following day. The parties would thus be bound to plead on Monday.

The ATTORNEY-GENERAL informed the grand jury that he would require their attendance on Thursday, as he had fresh bills to send up against four of the defendants.

THE INDICTMENT. _ This voiuminous document, of which copies have been served on the traversere, contains ll counts of 60 closely printed pages. The first occupies 55 of those sheets, and may be regarded as a record of the repeal agitation during the last eight months, as it furnishes an account of the speeches of Mr. O’Connell and others at the several pron iter- meetings that have taken place, commencing with that old at. Trim on the 19th of'last March, together with the repeal

~ estimate of the numbers ofpersons who attended each—that . of'l‘ara meeting being set down at 800,000. By this count,

in which the proprietors of the Dublin Radical newspapers are largely implicated, the several traversers stand charged

with “unlawfully, maliciously, and seditioust contriving, intending, and devising to raise and create discontent and

disaffection among the liege subjects of our said Lady the Queen, and to excite the said liege subjects to hatred and

contempt ofthe Government and constitution oftbis realm as by law esinltlisltt-(l, and to excite hatred, jcnlousic‘s, and ill-will amongst different classes of the said subjects, and to create discontent and disaffection amongst divers of the said subjects, and amongst others her Majesty’s subjects serving in her Majesty’s army; and further, conniving, intending, and devising to brng into disrepute and to diminish the cod- fidence of her Majesty’s subjects in the tribunals duly and lawfully constituted for the administration of justice; and

further, unlawfully, maliciously and seditionst contriving, intending, and devtsing by means of intimidation, and the demonstration of great physical force, to procure and effect changes to be made in the Government, laws, and constitu- tion ofthis realm, as by law established—heretofbre to wit, on the 13th day of February, in the year of our Lord 1843. with force and arms, to wit, at the parish of St. Mark, in the county ofthe city of Dublin, unlawfully, maliciously, and se- ditioust did combine, conspire, confederate, and agree with each other, and with divers other persons whose names are to the jurors aforesaid unknown, to raise and create discon- tentand disafi‘ection amongst the liege subjects of our said

lady'the Queen, and to excite such subjects to hatred and c" mpt of the Governent and constitution ofthis realm as by an; established, and to unlawful and seditious Opposition to the said Government and constitution, and also to stir up jealouejes, hatred, and ill-will between different classes of her Majesty’s subjects, and especially to promote amongst her Majesty’s subjects in Ireland feelings ofill will and has tility towards and against her Majesty’s subjects in other parts ofthe United kingdom ofGreat Britain and Ireland

and especially in that part ofthe said United Kino‘domcalled England; and further, to excite discontent andcdisafi'ection amongst divers ofher Majesty’s subjects serving in her said Majesty’s army, and further to cause and procure and aid and assist in causing and procuring divers subjects 0 ,our said lady the Queen unlawfully, maliciously and sedi 'ously to meet and assemble together in large numbers, at various {times and and at difi'erent places within Ireland, for the un- lawful and seditious purposes of'obtaining, by means ofthe intimidation to be thereby caused, and by means ofthe'exhi- bition and demonstration of great physical force at such as- semblies and meetings, changes and alterations in the Go- vernment, laws, and constitution of this realm as by law es- tablished ; and further to bring into hatred and disrepute the courts by law established in Ireland for the administra- tion of'justice, and to diminish the confidence of her Majes- ty’s said liege subjects in the administration ofthe law there- in, with the intent to, induce her Majesty’s subjects to' with- draw the adjudication of their differences with, and claims upon each other, from the cognizance ofthe said courts of law established, and to submit the same to tbejudament and determination of other tribunals to be constituted” and con- trived for that purpose."

Forty-three overt acts are set forth in this, the firstscount, relating principally to the various monster meetings, the numbers attending them, the speeches delivered at them and the publication ofthe same by Messrs. Barret Gray, and Duffy, proprietors of the Ptlot, Freeman, and ,Jvatim; newspapers. ‘

The 17th overt act is char ed a ainst Mr. ’

O‘Connell. T. M. Ray, T. Sinai]. va, cpogbifgl’ Tierney, P. J. Tyi‘rell, and R. Barrett, {‘0} that they ml the 27th September, 1843, did “ endeavour” to “ collect” a meet. ing at Clontarf; C. G. Duffy is charged with having publish-

lyears. One ofthe letters purporting to be from John Corry, .date of30th ofJ'une,1843. and purporting to enclose £100,

peal Cavalry ;” and C. G. Duffy and J Gray are respectively

charged with publishing certain Other advertisements refer- ring to the said intended meeting.

The 21st ot’ert act _is charged against Mr. O’Connell, J. O'Connell, C. G. Dufl‘y’, and TISteelti, for that they wege present at a meeting atwhich 300 persons were assembled, at which certain letters were read, and certain statements made of the receipts ofthe Loyal National Repeal Assocla- tion for the two corresponding quarters oftwo successive

is set forth; and R. Barrett, J. Gray and C. G. Dufi'y are charged with publishing all said documents and certain al- leged speeches of Mr. O’Connell, parts of which are set forth. V

The ‘22d overt act is charged against M. O’Connell, J. Gray, T. M. Ray, J. O’Connell, '1'. Steele, and C. G. Duffy, for that they attended a meeting on the 22d (lay of August, 1843, at which there were 200 persons present, at which Mr. O’Connell is alleged to have made a speech, a part of which is set forth, as also a document alleged to‘bave been read at the same meeting by Mr. O’Connell, entitled, “ Plan for the Renewed Action of the Irish Parliament ;” and R. Barrett, J. Gray, amf C. G. Duffy, are charged with publishin the said speech and document. ‘ The 23d overt act is charged against Mr. O’Connell, J. 0 - Conuell, J. tx‘l'ay, R. Barrett, and T. M. Ray, for that they were present at a meetng on the 23d August, I843, at which 300 other persons were present, and at which John Gray made a statement in referents} to the dismissal of such ma- gistrates as possessed the confidence ofthe people, and that he read a certain document purporting to be a Report from a sub-committee on the adoption ofa general system ofar- filtration, and to be signed by him as chairman. R. Barrett, J. Gray, and C. G. Duflyare charged With having published the said alleged statement and report. ‘ The 26th overt act is charged against Mr. O’Connell, Tho- ’ mas M. Ray. John 0’ Connell, and John Gray; for that they attended a meeting on the 26th ofSeptember, 1843, at which there were 300 persons, and in presence of whom it is alleg- ed that Mr. O’Connell made a speech which is pronounced to be “ seditious,” but which is not set forth.

The 29th overt act is charged against Mr. O’Connell, John O’Connell, Thomas M. Roy, Thomas Steele, Charles G. Duf- fy, Thomas Tierney, and John Gray, for that they attended a meeting held on the 3d day of October, 1343, at which there were present 300 persons, and on which occasion Mr. Steele made a seditious speech, a part of which is set forth, and in which the following passage occurs :— “ Behemoth, biggest born of earth, Upbeavod its vastness ;” and at which it was alleged that John Gray “ spoke with a loud voice, malicious and seditious w0rds,” the purport of which is set forth. The 30th overt act is charged against Mr. O’Connell, John O’Connell, Thomas Steele Thomas M. Ray, John Gray, and Peter James Tyrrell, that they attended a meeting on the 9th day of October, 1843, in Abbey-street, at which 1,000 persons were present. and at which divers sums ofmoney are alleged to have been handed to Mr. Ray, for the objects ofthe conspiracy, and at which Peter James Tyrrell is said to have made a seditious speech, and to have proposed cer- tain resolutions, both of which purport to be set forth: R. Barrett, John Gray, and Charles G. Duffy are charged with having published said speech and resolutions. [Mn Barrett is not here charged, as he originally was by the informations of the Government reporter, with having attended this meeting] The 33d overt act is charged against Charles G. Dufi'y. It is. that he, on the Ist day of April, 1843, published in the Nalion “seditious matter,” and there is set forth as such an ode entitled “The Memory of the Dead.” The first lines of the ode are as follow :—

“ iii/ho fears to speak ofninety-eight?

\Vho blushes at the name ?"

The 34th overt act is also charged against Charles G. Dul- fy. The allegation is, that he published in the .Nation of the 29th oprril, 1843, an article headed “ Something is Com- ing.” The article is set forth, and has'reference to the con- templated Council of300. , , . , Other overt acts charged the said C. G. Duffy and/R. .Bara. rett with publishing; articles headed “Our Noticitality,” hMo- rality of \Var.” “The Duty 'ofa Soldier,” “The Irish in the English Army.” “The Army. the People. and the Govern- ment.” “ The Battle ofNew Orleans,” “ The Battle ofClon- tnrfii”'“This is the Repeal year,” “The crisis is upon 115;” most of which are set forth and designated seditious.

The last clause in the count contains an allegation that Mr. O’Connell, John O’Connell, Thomas Steele. T. M. Ray, Chas. G. Duffy, Thomas Tierney, Peter James Tyrrell, John Gray, and Richard Barrett, did. on the lst of March. 1843, “and on divers other days and times before and after that day, and at divers other places in divers other parts of [re- land,” seek to carry on the alleged conspiracy by meeting, collecting money, making seditious speeches, and adopting resolutions.