lrssily lessened. in the nineteenth

A1f')iIL .14, 1952

&THE GUARDIAN. Ci-iARLOTTETOVnn

(THE ED UCA TIONALHORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING IMPROVEMENT. IN EDUCATION

C0-OPERATION

When one wishes. to build a house, he will call in an archi- tect and the contractor. Togeth- er. they discuss the needs of the builder. One of the consultants will be able to suggest desirable features that the others might have overlooked. By means of this give and take between the lay- men and the piofessional person, the general features of the plan will be determined; it will then be prepared and discussed.

In further discussions the need for additional features will be brought to light. out of the con- tinuous interchange of ideas, a final plan will emerge for the incorporation of the best thoughts of all concerned.

Enlightened people agree that both trustees and teachers should participate in the determination of

educational policies and in the initiation of educational pro- grammes. If the cause of educa-

tion is to be advanced. the best

MOUNT RUSHMOBE (The Soul tured Mountains in the Black Hills of Soul:

In 1925, worl: began on the carving of "heads" of four great Americans from a solid granite mountain almost in the middle of the North American Continent.

Washington. "The Father of his

Country." Jefferson, who wrote "The De- claration of Independence" and

Louisiana Terri-

hung

purchased "The tory.”

Lincoln, who welded the ion" together.

Theodore Roosevelt, who en- couraged "The Building of the Panama Canal.

Gutzon Borglurn was chosen to design the project. Plaster casts were kept in a small studio on top of the mountain and some- times lowered to the workmen. The heads are 60 feet high from forehead to chin. The project cost 8900.000. less than 32.00 for

RARA

Rare Avis, a phenomenon: a prodigy: something quite out of the common course. It was first applied by Juvenal to the black

GLOSSARY OF CURRENT WORDS IN THE NEWS

1. Abrogste: To -repeal or do away with. 2. Ace: An aviator who has brought down at least five enemy planes. 3. Arbitratc: To hear and decide in a dispute. 4. Arsenal: A repository or store- house for arms and military stores for land or naval services. 5: Autonomous: Independent in gov- ernment; having the rlght of self- rzovernment. ti. Bibliophile: A lover of books. 7. Bloc: Ii group of nations bound together by a :ommon geographic. political, or economic interest. 8. Boycott: To combine in refusing to work for, buy from. or sell to. on account of difference of opinion. 9. Buf- fer state: A buffer state is one that by separating two larger na- tions may serve to prevent friction between them. 10. Caisson: An ammunition wagon. or an ammun- ition chest. 11. Category: Any class or order in which certain things are embraced. 12. Collab- oration: United labour, working together. 13. Concessions: Yield-

: wmtonr, axcurr, mm; so .. as

1. Do not use like is a con- junction; use as or as if instead. Like may be either a verb or a preposition. She looks like you. In this sentence you is object of the preposition like.

2. It looks as if the price of wheat would go down.

11'. Except is a preposition but it is often incorrectly used for the conjunction unless.

1. All of them have finished the work except her. (Right).

2. He cannot go unless (not ex- rcpt) she finishes her work.

ADJECTIV ES AND ADVERBS

Most verbs express action of some kind and often have ad- verbs as modiflsrs. A few, how- ever. do not express action. and these are often followed by ad- iectives telling something about the subject. I These words include the follow- ng,'

I. Be (is, was, were, have been, e.tc.). become, look, seem, appear. 1. The boys were (happy). 2. That farmer seems (prosperous). 3. The girl looked (pleasant). In each sentence the adjective (in brackets) completes a linking verb and modifies the subject. Note.

CHARACTERISTICS OF REPTILES

Unlike the amphibians and the hisher vcrtcbrstca, the reptiles are wholly covered with scales. A characteristic that further dis- lingulshes them from the amphib- ians is that they have lungs throughout their lives. This latter character marks an advance over flair and amphibians. for the lungs enable the reptiles to breathe air at all times and hence make it unnecessary for them to live al- ways in or near the water.

it is only as animals have de- veloped structures which- have made Item independent of the water for support, for food, and for oxygen that they have been able to live succeufully far from rivers. lakes, and oceans.

Only thus has it been possible for animals to livein desserts. on mountains. and on high plateaus. The reptiles have no metamo wheels as the uhphlbia have. When the young listch, they close- ly regmbirtheir parents. Nearly all reptiles lay eggs, which re-

MULTIPLE - CHOICE QUTIONS

1. The expression which mean that all adults in a country can vote.is (1) free voting: (2) un- iversal suffrage: (3) Australian ballot: (4) franchise.

2. The danger of several kinds of epidemic diseases has been

thinking and the close

ation.

ISESSENTIAL

co-open ation 'of both these important groups is essential. The whole structure of our civilization isVbas- ed on organization and co-oper- lt developed to its present stage when people learned to work together in groups and when the groups learned to work to- gether in harmony.

What we need more than any- thing else today is not a re-al- location of responsibility as be- tween trustees and teachers, but more team-work between them.- 'I'.M.'l'.

"We learn wisdom from failure much more than from success; we often discover what will do by finding out what will not do. Probably he who never makes a mistake never made a discovery. Many men owe the grandeur of their lives to their tremendous difficulties. The diamond cannot be polished without friction. nor the man perfected without trials.

Dakota)

every ton of stone removed. From this investment the Federal Gov- ernment has received more than 82,000,000 in gasoline tax. and the income to South Dakota from tourists is over 820,000,000 annual- ly.

Gutzon Borglum's notable works include the seated Lincoln in Newark, New Jersey, a colossal head of Lincoln, in the rotunda of the Capitol. at Washington: and large statutes of the Apostles for the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in New York City. In recent years he devoted himself to two vast projects. the Confederate Memorial, carved on the face of Stone Mountain in Georgia. and the National Memorial carved in the rock of Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. Both were unfin- ished when he died in 1941.

AVIS

V swan. which, since its discove'ry in Australia. is quite familiar to us. but was unknown before. A black swan. A curiosity.

ing to demands for claims. 14. Conciliation: The act of making friendly; the act of winning or gaining favour or esteem. 15. conciliatory: Tending to bring to a. friendly state or feeling. 16. Constitution: The established form of government of a state: a sys- tem of fundamental rules. prin- ciples, and ordinances for the gov- ernment of a state or nation. 17. Contraband: Prohibited by law or treaty. 13. Convoy: To escort as a guard against enemies; (noun) a protecting force accom- psnying ships or vehicles on their way from place to place. either by sea or land. 19. Denunciati : In international politics, the formal announcement by a government that it will no longer abide by the terms of a treaty. 20. Espionage: Spying. 21. Fifth column:.Spies, provocateurs, saboteurs. and trait- ors working behind the lines to aid the cnemy and ready to give him succor and guidance when he comes.

III. Without is never a con- junction. It may be an adverb or a preposition.

1. Unless (not without) he does better, he will not be promoted. 2. I will not go without him. IV. Use so-as, rather than as- as, in negative statements. In affirmative statements, as-as. is correct.

1. James is not so well known as John.

2. James is as well known as John.

however, that the verb "looked" expresses action in the following sentence. and is followed by an adverb: Mother looked pleasantly at us.

II. Ccrtain verbs related to the senses-ft.-cl, taste, smell. sound. 1. The bread tastes sour. 2. Your hand feels rough. The verbs "feels" and "tastes" are here al- most equivalent to "is" and are followed by the adjectives rough and sour.

An adjective that LOIHPICICI the predicate and modifies the sub- ject is called a predicate adjective.

semble birds' eggs, excdpt that the covering is leathery instead of hard and brittle. The eggs are placed. in some protected spot. as in a hole in the dirt or sand, un- der a pile of leaves. under fal- len trees, or even in a hollow decaying tree. Usually the parent pays no further attention to the eggs oryoung.-though a few kinds of snakes guard their eggs and young for a time.

The order of reptiles differ con- siderably because of the adapta- tions necessa y to enable them to survive. For example, snakes hav- lng soft unprotected bodies. must be able to move rapidly, while fur- tles. protected by a hard, shell. find speed unnecessary. The sl- ligstors and oroeodiles some snakes and turtles are adapted for spending'most of their ime in water; The horned tos . a few kinds of snakes. and certain tor- tolaes are adapted for life in the desert.

and twentieth centuries. by (1) anaesthetics: (2) aseptic surgery; (8) the Pasteur treatment: (4) las- munisstlon.

.3. Psychology is (1) the study of the mind and its relation to the

. disease; (3) the science of anaes- thstising patients against pain: (4) The experimentation that has produced plastics.

4. The science that has to do with the analysis of soils. fertil- inn, and plants and thereby aids agriculture is (1) chemistry; (2) physics: (3) biology: (4) botany. 5. The first example of the revolutionary change of attitude of England toward her over-sea pos- sessions that has at last made them free nations. voluntarily be- longing to the British Common- wealth of Nations, was (1) self- government given to Canada; (2) the Better Government for India

1. (Gregarlous): (a) impolite. (b) prone to keep to one's self. (c) prone to be sociable and friendly. (d) prone to be cynical or hypercrltical of others.

2. (Harbinger): (a) an adviser. (b) a clerk of a court or of any official meeting. (c) a forerunner. (d) one who cries at a wake.

3. (Ubiquitous): (a) ugly. (b) being contrary of mind. (c) single- mindedness. (d) being everywhere at .the same time.

4. (Criterion): (a) e. connois- seur. (b) a. standard of judgment. (c) an end result. ((1) good liter- ary or social taste.

5. (Clique): (a) a. political party. (b) a noisy crowd. (c) a cross- sectlon of society. (d) a small and exclusive group of persons.

6. (Somnambulist): (a) a per-

Act; (3) the creation of the Com- monwealth of Australia; (4) the formation of the Union of South Africa.

8. The executive power of the English government is vested in the hands of (1) the king; (2) the Prime Minister: (.'l) the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer; (4) the cabinet.

'1. The reason why France and England entered the Crimean War was (1) to gain territory in the Near East; (2) to protect the Christians: (3) to gain the friend- ship ofhthe Mohamrnedans; (4) to prevent Russia from gaining control of Constantinople.

CHECK OE UNDERLINE THE WORD WHICH YOU THINK IS CIDSEST IN MEANING TO THE WORD IN BRACKETS

son who believes in dreams. (b) a musical instrument. (c) one who walks in his sleep. (d) a student of symbols.

7. (Orthodontist): (a) one who deals with disease of the bones. (b) a children's specialist. (C) a specialist in diseases of the eye. (d) a specialist in the correction of the teeth.

8. (Tort): (a) a sharp remark. (b) an act of mercy. (c) a wrong- ful act. which may result in legal action. (d) a decision handed down by the Supreme Court.

9. (Proviso): (a) the function of a deputy. (b) an unexpected concurrence. (c) a conditional clause in an agreement. (d) the act of being discreet.

10. (Ameliorate): (a) to wear out or to destroy. (b) to improve or

to grow better. (c) to run down slowly. (d) to tear apart.

11. (Farcical): (s) light or airy. (b) easily disturbed. (c) ludicrous or unreal. (d) fantastic.

12. (Rococo): (a) richness in tapestry. (b) a type of Persian Carpct. (c) extravagant ornament- ation. (d) conventional design.

13. (Chauvinlst): (a) a show-off. (b) a mlliiarlst. (c) one who is unduly patriotic. (d) one who loves old customs.

December 11, 1952, will be the 21st anniversary of the signing of the Statute of Westminster.

The statute was based upon the concept that Britain and the do- mlnions are "autonomous (sell- t governing) communities within the British Empire. equal in status, in no way subordinate one to an- other in any aspect of their do- mestic or internal affairs. though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Com- monwealth." '

in accordance with that prin- " clplc. the Westminster statute pro- vidcd that any law touching the succession to the throne or the royal style or title cannot be

parliament of Britain and the parliaments of the domlninns. The act went on to declare that no law thereafter made by a domin- ion parliament (or the legislature is of a province on matters within its jurisdiction) should be consid- crcd void because repugnant to

a law of the United Kingdom; and the powers of a dominion parlia- ment or legislature should include the right to amend or repeal

SUEZ DISPUTE

The British-Egyptian dispute has been causing trouble for a long a

utensil. (b) a medicine. (at) a riot of color.

political ideals. (b) a hiunder in the use of words.

doctrine. (d) a free discussion of a subject.

STATUTE OF WESTMINISTER.

such I. law had applied in the dominion.

was declared to have full power to make laws having extra-lerri-

late for its own nationals outside the limits of territorial water in such a way as to subject them to its own laws when they return to their country's act of parliament of the United Kingdom passed after mencement of this act shall ex- tend. or be deemed to extend, to

of that dominion, unless it is ex- pressly declared in that act that that dominion has requested, and consented to, the enactment there-

altered without the assent of the of

that the word never thereafter be used in lin- ited Kingdom statutes to describe

state forming part of a dominion. There were other provisions. but the foregoing were the main ones.

an important declaration

dominion's freedom from Kingdom control.

Egyptian territory.

14. (Potpourri): (s) a cooking Anglo-Egyptian possession. and she says that the British troops must quit the Suez area.

Britain has opposed her on both points, particularly on the Suez

Canal issue. The British say that

(d) a mixture.

15. (Malapropism): (a) certain

(c) an error

in legal judgment. (d) anything the vital waterway must be

loosely connected. guarded and defended. and that 16- (S.Vl'llD0Slum)i (a) a small Egypt is not capable of doing this

symphony orchestra. (b) a ban- job herself,

illleli OF I fe85l- (C) R rvlizious The United States, Britain,

France, and Turkey proposed a Dossible solution some time ago. These nations want to set up a joint Middle Eastern defense ar- rangement and they offer to take Egypt in as a full partner. If Egypt accepted, then the partners would as a group- lake the re- sponsibiliiy of defending the Suez Canal.

Egypt at first scorned this pro. posai. The situation went from bad to worse. There were skirm- ishes between British troops and EgYDiian fighters along the canal. Rioting broke out. in Cairo and for a while, in Januaigv, wild mohs virtually ruled the Egyptian cap- ital.

At this point Egypt's King Farouk entered the picture. He dismissed Premier Mustapha Na-

insofar as the same

The parliament of a dominion

orial operation; that is, to legis-

"No

jurisdiction.

the com-

dominion as part, of the law

The statute expressly provided

1. If I were (he, him) I would "colony" should

decline the oifrr. 2, The person (who. whom) you mentioned was not there. 3. I am two inches taller than (he, him). 4. Evesy player in the team has (their, his) faults. 5. The man told (we, us) girls a funny story. 6. Moth- er has (wrote, written) me two letters this week. 7. The girl looks (pleasant, pleasantly). 8. We never usell (that, those) kind of

dominion or any province or

The Statute of Westminster is of the United

Sim also plays

the Here is a brief resume of the

major role in governing

time. Because of an old agrec- Sudan. a large land on the upper , . . .

ment between the two nations, reaches of the Nile River. Egypt er 'md Tmlganun mmmon 5'' Britain has troops stationed along now wants control of the Sudan. "Ch Wm”

the Suez Canal, which crosses which has been officially a joint 1. St. Mary's Falls lying Ite-

PAGE Tmnrsciv A

has Pasha. whose esbiast had don little except to stir up publi emotions, and he appointed a nerd Premier-Aly Maher Pasha. Al the end of January, the news Premier had temporarily, at less restored order and indicated the his government would be willing to consider the U. S.-Brltlsh- French-Turkish offer to establish a. joint defense of Suez.

There are many trouble spots ill North Africa and the Middle Elsi; Poverty is one of the main caused of discontent in this area. and res sentment over foreign influence lg another. Communists are doin what they can to stir up unresg and create turmoil. They hope that political chaos will help them to seize power.

1. Wlndermere. 2. Glasgow. Union of South Africa. 4. Joham nesburg. 5. Kilimanjaro. 6, Han. equen. 1. Zanzibar and Pemha. 8. Madras. 9. Modras. 10. Calcutta. ll. Karachi. 12. Ganges. 1.'i, Jarru shedpur. 14. Singapore. 15. Syb ney, Australia. 16. Queensland. 17. Tasmania. 18. United States, Soviet Union, France. 19. Huno

3.

Rory. 20. Cairo. 21. United States. 22. Mercator.

UNDERLINE THE CORRECT WORD IN BRACKETS : AND GIVE A REASON FOR YOUR CHOICE.

9. The cake tasted (sweeQ sweetly). 10. She writes (plainer. more plainly) than I do. 11. Shd sings (like, as) I do. 12. I don't: know but (that. what) you are right.

Great battles are really won be! fore they are actually fought. Ts control our passions. we must govern our habits and keep watch over ourselves in the small de- tails of every day life.

pens.

THE FIVE SEAWAY STEPS (St. Lawrence Ws.terway)i

tween Lake Superior and Laird five Seaway "steps" and the pow- Huron-where there is a drop or 21 feet.

2. The St. Clair-Detroit pass-s Continued on page 14

-164

body; (2) the study of the im-

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