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PAGE. "6' THE nsnltvflixxus stylised

New APEC Obleclrve

The Atlantic Provinces Econo- mic (‘ouncil is turning its attention to the problem of licking unemploy- ment in a big way. According to President Gerald E. Martin, an em- ployment target of 155,000 new jobs in the region by 1980 is the “essential ingredient” in reaching the required economic development for the area. Existing problems will now be tackled in a combined effort "the like of which Canada has never seen before."

There is no question that this objective is well worth placing in the forefront. The three basic steps to reaching the goal. as out- lined by Mr. Martin. are an ac- celerated capital investment pro- gram. the provision of necessary inducements for this capital and the training and retraining of workers to equip them for the new oppor- tunities. Responsibility for this task rests with both the provincial and federal governments as well as management and labor.

The two governments. or even private resources. may be required to provide more adequate means of communication. better transporta- tion facilities. more or cheaper power and perhaps even assistance from public housing to arrange ac- commodation requirements for the potential workers. However, as the APEC president emphasizes, there is no alternative to personal initia- tive and perseverance. From now on his organization intends to de- vote more time and study to pro- grams aimed at a more aggressive internal economy, and assistance to communities in their development planning.

In every province there are specific objectives which could be geared to a campaign of this kind. the announcement of which is time- ly in view of the legislation which has gone through for the estab- lishment of an Atlantic Develop- ment Board. If this board is to be of any use at all, it must work in close cooperation with APEC, and with all concerned in promot- ing employment opportunities.

Meanwhile, we note that th 9 Federal Government‘s 75 per cent technical vocational grant is to be withdrawn as of March 31 next. The Canadian Home and School and Parent-Teacher Federation is urging that this deadline be ex- tended to March 3]. 1965. This mat» ter. of course. has a direct; bearing on employment. The 1963 date dis- criminates against those provinces and school boards which have re- searched their requirements before building. and elsewhere has im- peded a thorough survey of voca- tional needs. APEC might well take note of this problem, and add its support to the plea for extending the deadline.

Canada's Artful Dodger

Several years ago, when Justice Minister Donald Fleming was Min- i:ter of Finance, he undertook to rectify what he considered to be a deplorable move on the part of the Japanese in trying to compete in the Canadian market. He per- suaded the Japanese, who regularly buy more from us than they sell to us, that they should impose quotes on their exports to Canada. He explained to them that some Canadian manufacturers didn't like their kind of competition, but it would be embarrassing if Canada had to impose quotas because Can- ada Is supposed to be dedicated to

freedom of trade .1

The Japanese didn't [Ike one idea of putting on their own export quotas. but they fell in line with it because there wasn't much else they could do if they wanted to keep in Mr. Fleming's good graces. They understood very well, too, the pro. cess of “face saving"; and there was something to be said for the fact; that at that time the tariff rates established by Ottawa on goods entering Canada were reduc- ed, in their practical effect, when the Canadian dollar was at a high exchange premium.

But now the dollar is at a heavy discount and instead of having rather less tariff protection than Parliament originally contemplated, Canadian manufacturers in prac— tice now have more. The Japanese were hoping that this would make some difference in Mr. Fleming’s attitude at the ministerial trade council meelings in Tokyo last week: but they didn't know how tenacious our former Finance Minister can be. He was as determined as ever that. they should not send‘anything here on a competitive basis.

On a non-competitive basis? Oh. sure. There were “tremendous opportunities”, he told his hearers, for Japan to increase its exports to Canada and help narrow their un- favorable trade balance with us. “We offer one of the best open markets in the world.” However. he declined to specify any commodit- ies by name on which quotas should be lifted. or indicate possible amounts that Canada could absorb from Japan. With that the Japan- ese had to be content. Mr. Fleming talked as if he expected them to be overjoyed to learn that they can still trade with us at all.

Of course. if officials from Washingon, London, Paris, Bonn and other capitals turned up in Ot- tawa and told our Trade Minister George Hees that Canadian manu— facturers shouldn't try to compete in their markets with their manu- facturers, that would be different. Mr. Hees Would probably blow his top. He’d let them know that Canada \vouldn’t tolerate any such conditions of trade; and he'd have Mr. Fleming right behind him. if not away out in front of him. But since the shoe is on the other foot —and on a Japanese foot to boot— that alters the whole case.

Or does it? The Japanese let it be known. courteously. that they have their doubts about the validity of Mr. Fleming's slick arguments.

Beneficial Change

One recommendation of the Glassco Commission has already been implemented, and with bene- ficial results. This is the transfer of the Government Travel Bureau from the Northern Affairs Depart- ment to the Trade and Commerce Department. It takes the Travel Bureau from a. department with which it has nothing in common, and places it under one which should be able to get the most out of it.

This has already been shown by the reforms announced last week by the Minister of Trade and Com- merce. Mr. George Hees. New tour- Iat offices will be established in France, West Germany, the Nether- lands and the United States. By merging the Travel Bureau with the Trade Commissioner Service, use will be made of officials who are intelligently familiar with con- ditions in other countries. Mr. Hees holds out the hope that this re- organization will substantially bene- fit the important tourist industry. lndeed, he believes that within five years. income from the tourist in- dustry could be doubled.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Prime Minister Diefenbaker Ia reported to have indicated that he will make no policy statement on nuclear arms until Parliament opens next Monday. This means that there will be no showdown on the subject at this week’s annual meeting of the Progressive Conservative Party at Ottawa—at least not on Mr. Diefenbaker's initiative.

0 l 0

Even if the Congo is soon unit

fied by the ending of the Katanga separation, the nation's future In by no means assured. The restor- ation of the Congo's economic structure as it existed when the Belgians suddenly proclaimed In- dependence must be achieved. At present. about one-sixth of the Congo's potential work force Is out of employment.

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OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

MPs FincI Partisan Jockeying Unpopulor

The political vacuum of the Christmas - New Year holidays has abruptly tapered off in Ot- tawa as our parliamentarians are flocking back for what seems destined to be an historic meeting of the House of Com-

The eyes of all MP5 are turn- ed toward some unspecified day in the future when they will be hurled, often more nilling than willing. into another election campaign.

But their four weeks at home has shown them with often un- pleasant clarity that the voters of Canada have little sympathy with their partisan attitudes. Canadians want determined. imaginative and effective gov- ernment; they do not want any more of the partisan jockeying for positions between political Twecdledums and Tweedledees who are almost identical twins.

Many readers of this column have described this popular sen- timent in letters. One of the most vivid reactions comes to me from Rapid City. Manitoba.

FOUR-SIDED CHAOS

“I thoroughly agree with you In the desire for a return to a Two-Party system; having four minorities in our Parliament just makes for confusion and inefficiency." writes Rev. G. G. Harris. “I should like to see two really genuinely democratic par- ties: one leftish, i.e. sympathe- tic towards social controls - one rightish. i.e. on guard for what- ever is good In individualism. We are not dealing with White and Black. with Right and Wrong when we posit social con- tml and individualism.

Mr. Harris is a 79year old retired teacher and minister. With the wisdom of his years, he talks lovingly about Individ- ual freedom. which to him is the freedom of leisure, such as his father and grandfather did not possess In the same measure as we do. to cnjoy curling or boat- Ing or reading books - or even “the whirl of the snowflakes In winter.“ To him, Individual free- dom does not me n “the free- dom to make a lot of money by erptoiting the labour of other

people.

From that philosophical base. Mr. Harris obviously disdains the political jockeyings whlcls now result in political nothings. “The Liberals and the NDPs should unite for the Ieftish wing and the Conservatives and Soc- reds unite for the rightish wing. and we shall be able to fly for- ward." he says.

COMING NUPTIALS‘P

No forthcoming marriages have been announced on Parlia- ment Hill. but there Is a lot of

PUBLIC FORUM

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HISTORIC EVENT

Sir. —— I would like to add a few lines to the letter signed “ which gave us an ac- count of the laying of the corner- stone of the Colonial Building. on May 16. 1843. by Slr B an Vere Huntley:

“CoIns deposited herewlflt— a sovereign. a hall~auverelm, a half-crown. a shilllug. a slxpenoe. a four pence. a three pence. a one penny. half penny and a farthiug; all of the reIgn of her present Majesty Quest Vic- lam-Ia."

Besides the above coils, there was a scroll deposited which gave a full account of the event. and the names of the c

appointed to the erection of the building. I am. Sir. etc.. T. B. MORRIS

courting in the corridors and l going steady In the votes. Will I the Liberals' wooing of the less ; extreme sections of the NDP re- i suit In a marriage of conven- Ience? Will the Socreds support for the Conservatives make bot parties live happily together ev- er after? Nobody can tell yet: but there are many Rev. Har-'

rises across Canada who feel that four parties slice the par- liamentary cake too thin. and confuse the distinctions between themselves.

The letters from readers which have been expressing these thou- ghts have proved very interest- ing. and I thank all the writers.

General de Gaulle's bleak and = uncompromising a s s e r lion of French national interest must: be as harsh a blow to President I Kennnedy as it is to Prime Min- 3 lster Macmillan.

I in one press conference,i and in the grand style of a vet- l eran actor from the Comedie Francaise, the general virtually barred the door on Britain‘s entry into Europe and rejected the Anglo-American agreement at Nassau.

He thus heaped bitter French sauce on Kennedy's "grand de- sign" for the West, garnishing the whole unpalatable plateful with hints of what in an ordi- nary man would be dismissed as crude anti-Americanism.

uch a spirit is not rare in France. Between French- men and Americans there is of- ten a lack of cultural affinity. Frenchmen dislike the growing “Americanization” of Paris and tend to look upon Americans as “lea grande enfants."

To the bewilderment of guests brought up on the North Ameri- can approach. French dinner parties may well end with the flushed and gesticulating hosts blaming one or both of the two world wars on the United States. thereby standing the' more familiar argument on Its‘

ead.

Harsh Blow To Kennedy

By Alan rvey Canadian Press Staff Writer

Canadians are usually exempt from Gallic malice. through no fault of their own. It may be no accident that it is cheaper to mail a postcard from France

:to Canada than to the United

States.

De Gaulle’s distrust of the U.S. is naturally more sophisti- cated than the dinner-pasty va- riety. Granted his mystic, per- haps misty. view of European grandeur, he simply refuses to accept U.S. leadership of the Atlantic allia n c e. What he wants is equality. or as near to it as he can get.

Given the strong U.S. support for Europe since the Second World War, de Gaulle‘s attitude seems to smack of ingratitude. In the era of interdependence. a measure of cooperation would seem more appropriate than de Gaulle‘s perennial hauteur.

Kennedy is understood to have a profound admiration for de Gaulle. He has said that he regards the new Europe as a welcome partner, not a rival. If de Gaulle insists on acting as a rival, the man in the White House may adopt a more ag- gressive mood.

France is the keystone of the European system but Kennedy has the real power In the West as a whole.

An 89-year-old fighting Iadyl will soon come out of retire- ment — for the third time.

She Is the celebrated ship Bear, heroine of Arctic Ice bat- tles and Antarctic service with the late Rear Admiral Richard

Now docked In Dartmouth. Nova Scotia, the versatile bark will be restored and towed to Philadelphia for conversion to a maritime museum and re: slam-ant.

When the 198-foot three-master was launched In Greenock, Scot- land. in 1874, sail was giving way to steam. Bear had both.

For hazardous duly among Ice flees. she was built of oak sheathed with Australian Iron- bark. the toughest wood known. A steel plate covered the bow. She was called the “stoutaest alle ever built."

Operating out of St. John's. Newfoundland. the Bear made 11 annual trips to the icy sealing grounds of the North Atlantic. When members of the Greely Expedition were starving on Ice - blocked Ellesmere Island In 1883. the United States bou- ght the Bear and sent her north on the rescue mission. After a wading battle with the floes. she rescued the party — reduc- ed from 25 to seven by hard- ship and starvatlon.

The United States Revenue

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Guard. then sent the Bear to Alaskan waters where she be- came a legend.

She delivered mall. supplies. missionaries, and stranded thea- trical troops to isolated outposts and Eskimo vIllagea. Once she mumned an entire Eskimo village, whose migrants pitched

dec

tents on . Over much of the Be Sea Bear was the only

patrol. visible arm or the United Slat- aa Bet em

Historic Polar Ship

National Geographic Soclety

guarded timber, game. and the seal herd. The ship's doctor ser- ved remote regions. Coasts were mapped.

Sometimes a native best would put out from a village flying a pair of pants and a pctticoat. a signal (that the cap- tain would soon be called upon to perform a marriage cene- mony on the quarterdeck.

When Alaska's wild caribou suffered severe depletion. th e Bear ferried reindeer from Sib- eria to found the first North American herd as a substitute source of meat and hide.

After 40 years on the Bering Sea patrol. the Bear was de- commissioned and given to the city of Oakland, California. as a maritime museum.

But she was called back Into service as Bear of Oakland when Admiral Byrd needed a sturdy wooden ship for his 1933 Antarctic Expedition.

It was a tough trip. "I know she was never In worse Ice." Admiral Byrd wrote In the Na- tional Geographic Magazine. "It couldn‘t have been worse."

The Bear not only survived: she brought the expedition home to a roaring welcome in Wash- Ington. D.C.

She retired again. but World War II called her out to patrol the Atlantic, Once she towed a captured German supply shlp to

stun.

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By next spring. Phlledelphlana should have their flrst look at line not very retiring sonar-old ady.

BIG MAIL 80 me «11.000.000.000 letters are posted a year In the United said we Ital. useless.

aurgery Is Best { Hernia Treatment

By . Theodm R. Van Dellel SURGERY is the beat treat- ment for hernia but many vic- tims jeopardize the chance for complete recovery by putting off the operation. Older persons often p r o c r a stinate they have heard of fallunes or fear they will not survive. We could sympathize with this atti- tude 50 years ago but not today.

This operation can be done on persons of all ages from 10 days to loo-years-old. The mor- tality rate Ia lower than ever In the history of medicine. Anes- thetics are safer and more ex- pertly administered, surgeons are trained thoroly, and tech- nlcs are better established.

An Inguinal hernia is suspect- ed when a soft protusion devel- opes in the groin. This means part of the intestine is bulging through a weakened area In the lower abdominal wall. From this point on the hernia Is like- ly to behave like a hole In a sock; It gets bigger gradually unless darned.

The surrounding t I s s u e a stretch and, unless repaired. be- come as frayed as an old piece of cloth. This makes repair dif- ficult because the sutures may not hold, which is one of the -.._. a why surgery is recom- mended as soon as the hernia Is noted. The defect is easy to repair because the tissues still have their elasticity and encugh strength to block the opening of the hernla and prevent the In- testine from protruding Into the

lac.

But large and long standing hernias are not beyond repair. During the last two decades. surgeons have sewed various metallic and plastic materials Into the muscle to hold in the protrusion. Tantalum gauze is one of the most popular of these substances. The mesh acts as a scaffolding for the growth of tough fibrous tissue. A synthe— tic dacron mesh also is employ- ed frequently.

More recently a group from the University of Buffalo School of medicine used a yarn made of beef tendon to reinforce her- nia repairs. The material was woven and cross linked into a mesh. It was well tolerated and took 80 to 120 days to be absorbed. This Is long enough to achieve the tensile strength needed for complete healing. It has the advantage of not leav- ing a foreign body permanently embedded in the tissues. as oc- curs with the nonabsorbable metallic or plastic mesh