.‘Vd’r

fl

fa, ' M. Martin (du Nord

PAr-Eits BY THE CALED‘ONI‘A.

Tits steamer, with the English Novem- ber Mail, arrived here on Monday last. Our Lon- don dates are to the 4th'inst. Themost interesting items of intelligence will be found below.

THE CALEDONIA STr—E—AMER—WITH THE . NOVEMBER MAIL.

This fine Steamer arrived at Halifax about Three o’clock on Tu y, the 17th, having made the pas- age in twelve days and three-quarters.

', 1 FRANCE. Bureau-ton or TEE Tamas MINISTRI.—The , ' ' [are of the dissolution of the French Cabinet . are given in the following extract from the Tim—

“ On Thursday (Oct. 22), a cabinet Council was held at St. Cloud, under the presidency of the King, to consider the terms of the speech with which it was roposed that his Majesty should open the sessiono Chambers. The passage in it which referred to the crisis that has been produced by the Tree of the 15th of July was couched in terms of hostility, defiance, and even of menace. On this the King observed, that it would be highly inex- pedient to introduce into the discourse expressions calculated to alter the pacific character which the Eastern Question had within a few days assumed. M. Thiers persisted in his views of the subject, contending, with much animation, that it was ite- cessary France should assert her independence and maintain her rank in the world. The King agreed with him in that sentiment, btit remained of opinion, that ‘the proposed mode of declaring it was objec- tionable and dangerous.’ Passing to another ara- graph in the draft of his' s ech, in which irect reference was made to gypt and Mehemet Ali, Admiral Roussin, minister of marine, objected that ‘ it went to bind France to the maintenance of the

. vernment of Egypt in the family of'Mehemet Alt a ever ;’ that ‘nobody ever heard of hereditary claims to the Pachalic or Government by any sub- ject of the Porte ;’ that ‘ with the possessor perished the ofice,’ Gee. These arguments were concurred in by the King, and supported by the Ministers of War and Finance, (Gen. Cubieres and M. Pelet de la Lozerre,) and, at midnight, M. Thiers resigned.”

. The London Spectator says :—

“ Some represent Louis Philippe ashavin thrown 06' his Prime Minister—others represent M. hiers as havin deserted his King. According to the former,

- the ng was afraid to allow M. Thiers to open the Session, under an apprehension that he would im- press tbe Deputies with a belief that the situation of afl'airs was so perilous as to render his presence at the helm indispensable; and therefore availed him- self of a pretence to get rid of him. According to the latter, M. Thiers, seeing that he had brought France into a position’which rendered war unavoid- able, resigned, in the expectation that his successors in oflice would make peace, be branded by the French people, and be obliged to retire, and allow him to resume oflice with the reputation of having maintained ‘the national honour,’ and without the encumbrance of war.” ‘

The new Ministry, under the auspices of ‘MJGui-

hot, is thus arranged :—

Marshal Soult, President of the Council, and War Minister.

M. Guizot, Minister of Forei

M. Dttchatel, Minister of the terior.

M. Human, Minister of Finance.

M. Cunin Gridaine, Minister of Commerce.

H. Taste, Minister of Justice. — _ Public Works. ’aiégillemaine, Minister of Public Instruction.

a”:

Affairs.

‘ 'while the allied forces are proceeding ra- pid to compel submission to the terms of the Treaty.

" The Monitmr __ ntains a royal ordinance, pro- roguing the Cham rs to the 5th of November; and another appointing General Sebastiani a Marshal of ‘. France, in the place of the late Marshal Macdonald.

The Moniteur contains the followin proclama- tion 1“ Marshal Soult (as Minister of War) to the army, which was believed to refer to an apprehen- sion that the disaffected mi ht attempt to revolt, and to the determination of government to march boldly and to act with decision against its internal enemies:—

“ Soldiers,-—-The King's confidence in me has again placed me at your head. I have accepted the honour of commanding you, being convinced that I shall find you always re‘hdy to fulfil the duties which the lows, the military regulations, and the glory of the French arms, impose upon ou. Obedience to your officers, a rigorous observance o discipline, a strict attention to the service, the maintenance of that miliatry confraternity which constitutes the value and the force ofthe army—these

Arm the qualities which the King and the nation expect

to find in you, and whichl have no doubt 'ou tvill always display as in the most glorious period of our sons a. ‘

0 You know me. You know that I require much. That I never suffer inntteolion to service, or failure in your duties; but you are likewise aware that my solicitude

or you, fhr the preservation ofyour rights, and for the' amelioration ofyour well-being, is ever active, and that lam always litippy whenever an opportunity occurs of conferring Royal recompenses upon my tr itherlin arms.

“I depend upon you,as you may depend upon me, whether it may become necessary, in unison with our brave National Guard, to maintiin order and secure respect to the laws, or whether the King may call upon III to defend the territory, the honour, and the dignity of

, France. .

“ The President ofthe Council, Minister at \Var,

‘ “Mittstut. Dun: or DALIATIA."

. ' The family of Louis Phili pe, and especially his amiable an highly-princip ed Queen, have been kept in a state of such agonising anxiety since the recent attempt on his life, that they earnestly advise

' his abdication; but he has firmly and heroically resolved not to allow his personal safety to weigh with him for one instant in the course he may feel it his duty to adopt.

m M in Alpha—A" private correspondent .

of the Morning Chronicle gives the following account of the state of the French army and its losses in Algiers :—“ There are upwards of 70,000 soldiers in the country, 10,000 of whom are in hospitals. Great numbers die of fatigue and starvation. When they march they have about 1 cwt. to carry, which

in a burnin sun is dreadful They are fighting

' ‘and skirmisging night and day; and at times within ‘ fbur miles of this place. It is a war of extermination : is given on either side. The Arabs have

. atuftof hair on the back part oftheir heads,by ~ ’which they believe Mahomet takes them up to - 'heaVen when slain in battle. They believe they cannot go to heaven if their heads are ctlt ofi‘. This fact the French have found out, and it has been a common sight to see horse soldiers come into the

_ :m with the heads of Arabs hangin to the horses,

' but this barbarous custom, 1 am in armed, is to be discontinued. ‘ I have seen Marshal Vallee, who has a. stron “resemblance to the Duke of Wellington. Since t s first in'vasion', about ten years ago there have been about 50,000 slain. For a iconsi table , tints pentherc have been» upwards ofl,000 soldiers

arrived every week, very few return except invalid: The large sum of 20,0001. sterling is sent everywe of to pay the army. This is but asmall portion”,- the expenses, as all contracts are paid by the gtlive It ment in Paris, which must be very considerab e. ml is horrible to contemplate the waste of blood a te treasure; and I cannot learn what is_to_compensah

the French for such sacrifices ; there 18 little or not - ing to export, and the Arabs destroy all produce wherever they can find it.” _ .

An Algiers letter mentions that the fortifications are being put in a more effective state of defence than they have at any time been. . At some pomtsi, 36-pounders are planted, and at others, 80-poul:l Paixhans guns have been substituted for 18-poun - ers. All the batteries upon a level With the water, and which have been used as stores for wood, have been reconvened to their original purpose.

Trials of' French Congreve rockets have .been recently made at. La Fere, the result ofwlnch is said to have shown that they are superior to the Eu lish rockets, since they can be thrown further wit less deviation. All the troo in the neigh- hourhood of Paris have been calls upon to aesist in throwing up fortifications round that city.

The Hampshire Telegraph gives the following account of oraaA'rtoss IN sum.

The accounts from the seat of operations in Syria‘

announce the continnedsuccesses of the allied naval and military forces. The whole line of coast from Scandaroon to the neighbourhood of' St. Jean d’Acre has ' from Mehemet Ali. The Druses and Marionit'es, at far e numbers, have revolted, and joined the Sultan’s forces ; Mehemet’s armies are

wasting ,by desertion, and all things betoken a speedy.

downfall of Egyptian rule in Syria. Alexandria also is rigorously blockaded, and the usurping Pacha is new comp etely shut up in his den on the Mediter- ranean side—yet that extraordinary old man neither betrays fear nor turns sulky. He talks as boldlyas ever, and, as a proof of equanimity of temper, while England and her allies are thundering at his very gates, he allows a free passage and guarantee of pro- tection through his dominions to the Indian mail. So much firmness and moderation are entitled to respect; but the folly of further resistance must be apparent, for France is unable to save him Syria, even though she were to declare herself to-morrow the protector of Egypt. .

THE SCENE or WAm—The Reforms of Smyrna publishes the following from a traveller who left the camp of the allies at Djouni on the 29th Septr.: —According to all appearances, the affairs of Syria will be brought to a conclusion in a short time. The insurrection is making the most rapid progress. Already 14,000 mountaineers have joined the allied troops. Solimnn Pacha, who still keeps Beyrout, is considerably weakened, having been obliged to send nearly one-half of the forces which were under his command to the relief of Ibrahim. The allied cam at Djouni is composed of about 8000 men, besi es the Syrian insurgents who have joined it. Daily, however, new reinforcements are arriving from Malta and Gibraltar. The steamboat Strom- boli landed a small corps of marines fi‘om England, and on the same day they took part in a skirmish that occurred between Djouni and Beyrout. One of the officers in command of them fell by the enemy’s fire, and his death was greatly regretted by his men. Ibrahim Pacha made pre arations on the 29th for a night attack, and Admire Sto'pford omits nothing which art or prudence can dictate for pro— tectin the troops on shore. They auxin fact, most f'ormi ably defended by the guns of' the squadrons, and particularly by those of the steam-ships, which can run close in shore without danger., There are eight, if not ten, English steamers on the coast, and some of tltem are of prodigious size and power. Some Egyptian spies have been caught in the allied camp, and two have been hung from the yard arms of the squadron. A report that Mehemet Ali in- tended to send out his fleet having reached the English Admiral, he immediately despatched three additional ships, two English and one Turkish, to join the blockading squadron off Alexandria. The allies have established an excellent military hospital at Cyprus.” «

THE SIDON EXPEDITION.—The expedition against Saida (Sidon) was a serious affair. It was composed of an English ship of the line, a brig, the Gorgon, Cyclops, aitd Hydra steamers, joined by the steam- er Stromboli, which at that moment arrived from England, having 250 tnarines on board. Besides these, were the rigate commanded by the Archduke Frederick, and one frigate and one corvette, Turk- ish. The Commanders were Admiral Walker, Commodore Napier, Capt. Aldridge, of the Royal Engineers, and the Archduke. Tltere was some opposition, and Licut. Hocking, only just out in the Stromboli, and about a dozen marines, Were killed. The loss altogether between English, Turks, and Austrians, was about fifty killed and wounded. The Archduke behaved most gallantly, and personally headed the party that took the citadel. Saida was soon taken, together with the whole ‘ rrison, amounting to two thousand men,.who, wit 1 stores and ammunition, were conveyed by the Hydra and Gorgon to the fleet, and it is said the prisoners will be sent to Constantinople. The famous Soliman Pacha had allowed himself to be caught in a sort of military mousetrap. He is, with 2,500 men, in a posrtton whence it is scarcely possible one single man can escape.

Connor)an Nannie—The following letter from the Malta Times of the 15th Oct. ives a spirited account of the conduct of Commodore Napier at the Sidon affair:

“ Off Alexandria, Oct. 5.——The smartest afl'ait' is y? to be told you. Charles Napier, on Friday the

th, talking with the Admiral, remarked that Sidon was not in our possession, and said to him, ‘If you like I will go down and take it, and be back again in eight and forty heurs.’ He started, and was as good as his word. He had the Thunderer, Wasp, aim», _Gorgon, and Hydra, with 800. Turks and

marines; on their way they fiall in with the Stromboli, from England, with a detachment of 200 marines; these he took with him, and'after firing shot and shell at the town for a couple of hours, he made a breach and landed at the head of his men; it was a sharp struggle, but after destroying a great number of the enemy, who neither ve nor would receive quarter, they at last killed:‘ the Egyptian Commander, who died game; with two marines’

bayonets at his breast, he refused quarter and resisted, W

so they fired, and he, of course, died, when his troops threw down their arms to the amount of 500; 1500 were afterwards taken, and the whole 2000 have been brought round to the fleet at Djuni. I believe they will be sent to Cyprus. Napier was most daring; on the tops of the houses he made his way, waving his hat on the point of his sword, and cheer- ing the men < on; our loss amounted to fifteen marines killed and: wounded, two mates badly

wounded. The Egyptians have returned from Tripoli, and we hold every place from there to Acre except Beyrout, the fortifications of which were

_ n k The Castor and PW“ 1001‘ Tyre-ascribes the taking

destroyed by the fire of the line-of-battle ships.

The Augsburg Gazette thus d

.. ' OfS‘? this gihtesgommodore Napier appeared

' I ' ' d with ‘ ida with two line-of-battleEhips, an ijlitiofiussgian division. This rbvysglizg Eg$$233$ ' - to surren e , figlnadzfrutsvi‘d hours’ m3n%%%d)e, ’E'llllikgrtfiilll :33 declared practicable; an d , d the ' rched to the storm, an came . ib‘wsitinan'ls‘hemjirchduke Frederick was the first in the breach : 2000 Egypgepbs laid dpvgn that): :22); e Allies lost 40 dead an woun e . lilies been most complete and speedy. . The wholeflof Lebanon is on fire, and Error Beschtr cannot Ivlvi ’ stand it. The effect was even worse on Ibta 115] s own troops. The corps of 10,000 men, up. er Ibrahim, dispersed; and on the news of the to mtg of Saida, 60 officers, with 4000 .men, went (Sp:- It; Napier on the 27th. Ibrahim himself left B ecd with a small force, as the Egyptian officers sliliy,l gin“ fled to Damascus. TilieNfoui' (201351113, who a e l‘i had ‘oine apiers ee AlTlia:dAu::sburglh Gazette has a letterf‘rom the fron- tiers of Turkey 'of the 13th inst, mentioning that m- surrectionat'y movements were ' apprehended 11} Albania, Bosnia, and Macedonia, in consequence o the withdrawal of the Turkish troops, which were to be concentrated round Constantinople, or sent.to Syria; that Austria had taken upon herself to matn-_ taiu order in those provinces, and that several fron— tier regiments were to be. modeltzed forthWtfli far or ose. . I . thatS’fA'r: or ALEXANDRIA.—-Alexandria lS sur- rounded by encampments of infantry, cavalry, and artillerv, in all exceeding 40,000 men; _While Within the city, besides, a small body of N attonal Guards are constantly being put under arms, and an order was issued among them the other day, that the 'c1ty gates were shortly to be closed, and a. state of Siege declared. , . On the 10th inst, a fire broke out at Constantino- ple, which consumed 200 shops, _40 dwelling-houses, and a Jewish synagogue, in which there was a'rtcn collection of plate.

- ~ SPAIN.

ABDICA'I‘ION or THE QUEEN REGENT-7T“. 3“ tempt of the Queen Regent of Spam» aided by What are called the Modet‘ados of that coun- try, both acting under the adVice of France, ‘0 screw the central authority of the Government to the highest possible degree, has had its natural and foreseen result, in the overthrow of the Moderadoes, the abdication of the Regent, and the dissolution of all central authority, which is for the first time replaced by the local authority of the Juntas. Towns seem every thing in Spain, the natural consequence of' the disappearance of the aristocracy—the mu- nicipal bodies and officers are of course paramount in the towns. By having it in its power to organ- ize these as it pleased, the Government would have been master of the Elections, and of course of the Cortes. This was the aim of the municipal law. It threatened the Liberals with extinction. They resisted, and, through the aid of Espartero, have carried their point. In a more settled country, where, the law reigns, a reconciliation between contending parties is possible. In Spain, however, where a political chief awards exile or death, reconciliation is diflicult. The Liberals determined no longer to trust the Regent; they published all the scandalous details of her private life; they insulted her with the proposal of co-regents. She acted wisely and abandoned the field. The Ministers came to her to Valencia, with the proposals of the Junta. She began by investing them with their office—an office which became the Executive immediately after her resignation ; and then she resigned. Christina en- trusted her children, the person of the young Queen; and the sovereign authority, to the hands of Espartero and Ferrer, the warrior and the financier, and then sailed from the courts of Spain to the re- pose of private life.

Queen Christina, having put off her authority, was allowed to depart from Valencia with royal honours. She sailed for the nearest French port’; where she landed, and journeyed along the coast to Marseilles.

It appears that the Queen Regent had made up her mind to quit Spain before Espartei‘o and.het‘ new ministers arrived at Valencia. After a confer- ence With him, she admitted the other ministers, who attempted in vain to dissuade her from an ab- dication which must lead to revolution. They represented that she must leave her daughter, and give up the public property invested in her as Regent. She paused for that night, but on the next day resolved on abdication, and withdrawing to Naples at all events; and she handed the act of abdication, which had been ready on the previous day, to Senor Ferre. The ministers accordingly announced the event to the nation. They them- selves are by the constitution invested with the Regency till the meeting of the Cortes. The Queen would not delay a moment, but prepared to embark tn the first vessel for Port Vendres and Marseilles whence she will proceed to Naples. The Duchess, of Victoria will probably be the guardian of the young Queen, and the venerable Quintata her tutor.

The French papers copy from the Eco of Madrid a scandalous life of the Queen Regent, written, it is believed, by the secretary of her sister, Donna Car- lotta, wife of Don Francisco de Pula! It enters largely into.the particulars of her amour and private marriage With Munoz, and the number of children sheA has had py her;3 humble husband. ‘

ccounts t'om uidad Rodri 0 state th

of General Latte, one of' the fgew who i'gmgiiildil attached to the Queen. Apoplexy was the imme- diate _cause ;, but it appears that his death was occasroned by the barbarous treatment to which he gin-golfer; explosedimtl‘le Eves dragged out of his ' a. ew a s ore an ' ‘ : ' ' neg by lilis scarfbio one of the mfunated mldlery’ an insu ted and struck b the mob. The soldier, holding Fup his ymutilated handfgliiil’; gig claimed, “Behold this hand; Ihave lost the two fingers wanting, fighting against ‘Basalio in the cause of liberty.” The band of assassins by whom he Was assailed would have ultimately torn him to £19088, had not a liberal clergyman interfered in his ehalf. Two days afterwards the general expired.

HOIKLAND.

_ ' 'rui: mo’s ABD!CAT[0N.— ' illiam I. was seated in the large ball of the Phltiiig at a table, havmg on his right the hereditary Prince of Orange and Prince Alexander, and on his left PnncelFi-edenck of the Netherlands. Opposite to his Majesty sat the Secretary of State, M. Van Doorn Next to Prince Alexander were stationed the several Ministers, according to the seniority in service. The rest of the. table was surrounded by the members of the Council of State, accordin to their seniority the youngest being only separate from Prince Friede-

CEREMONY or

mouth. The Howe has not a man short, «as . m . Britannia only 9. i.

M. ship Impregnable, 104, on Monday. When the“ " ofAdmiral Sir Graham Moore was sh‘ pillars of the square, hulk, where it will remain until the Caledon'n, . lS ready. The latter was commissioned the I” day by Capt. H. Eden. ' '