Guamlidn

1. "Devon Prune III!!! ldnll Ills U! D00"

Ieslsul Oman. 8 unlvriv luv: IQ Ildfnt. lrssl nus. clenenl Inna. in A. linen Ilember Cumin nun New-led Pulzlinhln Auoclnin Iunbel cl hp Cendln Pse- lleniber Andll Buses: of arulstlons .In..4 offices II Susnmenin. Ilonune no Alci- - Author-lxedselecnndL1l.su'IsI.IhylhePOd& ff ' Deplnnnll. Ottawa. '3: us-nu flnsrluuewwn. munnsersude Jl:.II pm In mun. Elwwners in P. l-.. L some Jtner Pmvllou an if U S. 811.00 Per nnnun

"T e In .. me ; h IHQOEO the weakest lnh."

MoE.ii-.ArTi:'E.”ii.' inf

5 Tariff Board Findings

i It is reassuring to note, from the review of the Canadian Tariff Board statement on the potato tariff ques- 'tion as prepared by Mr. Campbell, manager of our Potato Marketing Board, that the findings are not entirey barren of constructive, pro- posals. The fact remains, however. that the Board is opposed to tariff "protection on the assumption that "historically" Canada is a large ex- porter of potatoes to the United States and that U. S. imports, being of a seasonal nature, would enter this country whether or not they faced a customs duty at the border. Many pages of facts and statis- tics were given in the farm organ- ization briefs before the Tariff Board, showing how the situation has changed in recent years, par- .;ticularly with regard to seed ex- '-ports as compared to the domestic stable stock market.'Thle was the .-igist of the whole presentation, as Ewe understand iii; and it seems to have made no impression whatever on the Tariff Board.

In the eirwmstsnces we cannot how "an exhaustive investiga- tion of all factors" could have been .msde, as Mr. Campbell says. or why it the Board's adverse attitude on this cardinal point should be stitriburted its "shortcomings in the evidence submitted” rather than to the 3osrd's own pre-conceived notions. There i much in the Board's rqaort which is of value and inter- est. but the disappointing nature of its main finding cannot be ignored. -1; Mr. Campbell states in his latter ill Saturday's Guardian, in which hue effectively disposes of attempts fgto minimize the importance of tar- .iff protection in relation to our fpotsto industry, lack of such pro- iiiecillon "remains the most serious 7i:roblem" facing our producers to- iflay. Efforts should now be concen- trated upon convincing the Federal Government of the complete in- t - ggdequacy of the Tariff Board's in- vestigation on this point. If we fail ito do this, we shall be in the posi- itlon of the patient who underwent '1 "successful" operation but who

:, ll

unfortunately died as a result.

xAgge Of The Universe

A " Astronomers of three observa- l M tories in California have reported tl ' "new age for the expanding universe:

A 5.4 billion years. plus or minus a billion. That long ago, something happened to start all matter in

space flying outward from a com- innn cenitre. Light from the farth- est galaxies shows them still speed- fng away. according to modern as- tronomical theory. A 20-year study of all available data on apparent expansion of the universe now up- holds the theory. Dr. N. U. Mayall of Lick Observatory and Drs. A. R. Sandage and M. L. Humason of Mount Wilson and Palomar Obser- vatories summarized their work in a paper before the National Ac- Idemy of Sciences, meeting in Pas- sdens.

Of 800 galaxies and 26 clusters of galaxies whose light'was an- alyzed for so-called "red shift". - some of the most. distant were dis- covered in the far-reaching Nation- tl Geographic Society-Palomar Sky Survey, for the last seven years engaged in phofomapping the heav- ens. The most distant was in cluster faint it could not be seen even

with the giant 200-inch Hale tele-

scope, but had to be located by long

exposure of photographic plates.

is Hydra Cluster showed an ap-

rft speed away from the earth

2 about 38,000 miles per second,

' . the speed of light itself.

AIV viable? galaxies, out to the

up qfthe W-lnchisnd hi all

w ll:-set relation- 01' V :34, hf - ' hi ”it:' .?fac.

Dy tracing the outward motions back to a common starting point, the scientists'find an ”age of the universe". Their new figure is given as only tentative, pending a four- year study to find a more precise scale of cosmic distances. The value of 5.4 billion years (5.4 x 10-9 years) "is provisional and may be uncertain by 20 percent,” they re- -port.

In recent years astronomical and geologic estimates of the age of the earth and the universe have come into close agreement. For the oldest rocks in the earth's crust scientists now give an age of about 3'1; billion years. The earth's very beginning, judged from comparisons with meteorites falling from space. is dated between 3'1; and 41-; billion years ago. Various ingenious mcth ods for calculating time on such a scale, working from different dir ecti-ons, often come up with amaz- ingly similar answers. The slow ac- cumulation of salts in the oceans: the 5-inch-per-year recession of thi- moon; the rate of cooling of the earth: the slow ticking away of radioac'f'ive elements in rocks and meteorites. all point to an age on the order of several billion years. Since time immemorial mer have pondered and tried to gues- jusi when and how the earth and stars were born. in the-lTth cen tury Archbishop James Ussher dated all beginning at October 26. 400 B.C. The ancient ilindus, in the sacred book Manusmitri written 2,100 years ago. gave an age for the earth which as of A. D. 1955 would be 1,972,949,056 years-amazingly close, in general order of magni- tude. to modern scientific calcul- ations.

Scientific Confusion

Sir Robert Robertson, president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. and a dis- tinguished nuclear physicist in his own right, caused a lot of public anxiety some time ago by suggest- ing that if was not outside the bounds of possibility that con- tinuing hydrogen bomb tests would set off a nuclear reaction that could blow up the earth. Other scientists, not to mention at host of laymen, -seemed to agree with him. Now comes another British phy- sicist. Professor M. Price of the University of Bristol, to say that Sir Robert was labouring under a misapprehension when he made his pessimistic statement, and that, in fact. the earth can stand any num- ber of H-bomb explosions. The reason given by Professor Price for his cheerful analysis are. of course. highly technical in nature, as were the gloomy arguments presented by Sir Robert. If. in the one case. un- due alarm spread over the world. it is reasonable to assume that in the other there is danger of too much optimism. Doubtless. the ideal so- lution would be for ll-bomb tests to be discontinued. Since that is evi- dently impractical at the present time, it is A pity that the scientists M01101 Plllrce among themselves on what the explosions can or cannot do. So long as this confusion exists among the scientists. the rest of us cannot very well be blamed for sympathizlng with the viewpoint. advanced by the gloomy ones. After all. it is human nature to be suspi- cious of any strange thing, for which a certtificate of absolute saf- ety is not forthcoming.

EDITORIAL NOTES

”Fishermanls" letter in last Friday's issue indicates that s new and better lobster-trap has already passed the experimental stage. If our correspondent's confidence in his important invention is justified -and we have no grounds for thinking it isn't--fishery officials would do well to look into i-t. Any- thing that helps forward! any phase of the fishing industry is en- titled p to careful consideration.

0 O 0 An Ottawa dispatch reports that the Federal Government is "con-

cerned" about the current decline in hog prices. The concern is justi- fied and, perhaps, overdue. The fact that hog prices in the United States are lower than they are here-s polnt often emphasized by federal Itrlmlwrsl officials-ls not s valid excuse for further delay in attempt-

llj N & Iomethlng helpful in the

w...4.--

' by Atomic Energy of Censds Ltd

A In the world of science this of industrial atomic power and threw a haymaker at one of the world's dread diseases m P0111? myelitis.

The year"; chief achievement in peacetime uses of atomic energy was s decision to build an experi- mental electricity-producing atomic power plant in Ontario at a cost of Sl.'i.000,000 in 315,000,000: The federal government also contracted for a fourth research reactor at the Chalk River. Ont., atomic pro jsct to help solve problems still blocking economical atomic power. The Salk polio vaccine programs of both Canada and the United States were made possible by re- search at the Counaught Medical Research Laboratories in Toronto.

PRODUCED IN QUANTITY ,

The laboratories d e vi s e d a method to produce polio virus in quantity. This paved the wsy for large-scale production of the vac- cine for tests in 1954 and the i955 vaccination program.

Canada gambled that the vec- clne would work.

Long before April name his- toric day the University of Michi- gan announced that its evaluation of the 1954 experiments proved the vaccine at least 60 per cent ef- fective-Canada had spent 31,000,- 000 pr ” i the immunization agent. Federal and provincial gov- ernmcnts, which shared the cost of the program, also had worked out I system of distribution and free injections.

If the Ann Arbor, Mich., sn- nouncemant had said the vaccine was useless, 31,000,000 would have been wasted,embarrassing both the federal and provincial govern- ments. However, it was realized that if no vaccine were available April 12 and it was judged effect- ive. the anti-polio program would have to be delayed until the fall.

FINE PROGRESS

By the end of June when the pro- gram was halted by previous agreement until early 1956, some 880,000 Canadian children had re- ceived at least two of their three shots. We expected 3,000,000 of the country's 5,225,000 children under 18 will be inoculated by the end of next March-

Healfh Minister Martin has given qualified credit to the vaccine for having had I share in the below- normsl incidence of the disease in 1055. Its true effectiveness now is being studied by the health depart- menf and I report likely will be issued early next year.

The incidence of polio in 1955 has been about one-quarter of the five-yesr sversge from 195054, sl- though it is noted that the Iversge includes the 1953 epidemic, the worst in history.

Up to Nov. l0 there had been 061 cases compared with the five- yesr average of 3,715. Psrslytic cases were no compared will the svei-axe of 1,841 and deaths totslled 28 as against 06 in the same per- iod in 1954.

IMPPRTANT PROGRAM

In the atomic field. fhe health dep tment in 1055 also lsunclsed s research progrsm into the of. fectsi of atomic rndlstion on humsn beings. it involves possible ” effects on humans snd methods for disposal of dangerous rsdlosctlve wssles.

Detailed design of the demon- stration atomic power plant now is in progress. It will be built jointly

PROPOSE UN MERGER

UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. (CF)- Csnsde vroposed Friday the estab- lishment of e - permanent heed- qusrfers for the International Tele- communication! Union Ind the World Meteor-olo csl Organization,

Progress in Research

By John E. Blnl Canadian Press. 0I.tawI

the crown company charged will!

year Canada reached the threshold . atomic research. the Ontario HY-

dro - Electric Power Commission and Canadian General Electric at Des Joachlms. Que., 150 mllles northwest of Ottawa.

The plant, expected to produce about 20,000 kilowatts of electric power. likely will be in operation in mid-1958. It will not produce electricity st I competitive cost but its construction will provide scientists with the information necessary to build s plant that can compete with coal-burning electric stations.

The fourth research reactor will be built by Csnsdsir Ltd. of Mont- real If. a cost of 5250.000 to 3300,- 000. The small, low-cost "swim- ming pool” reactor will be used for research on uranium fuels.

POWERFUL NEW PILE

Two of the other three reactors at Chalk River also figured in the news p

Atomic Energy of Cansds dis- closed that NRU, code name for the new 340,000,000 pile being built st Cbslk River, will be five times ss powerful as the famed NRX reactor. it will have s power of 200.000 kilowatts when it goes into operation in June, 1956.

The 311,000,000 NRX pile, which develops 40.000 kilowatts, suffered its second bi Ikdown in 215 years on July 25. The' reactor, built in 1947. went back into operation Sept. 22.

The other reactor st Chalk River is the ”ZEEP" (Zero Energy Ex- perlmentsl Pile) built during the Second World Wsr,

Other developments during the year:

1. Canada and the United Slates signed agreements for I wider ex-

'- ge of information on the use of atomic energy for peaceful pur- poses and defence against atomic- attack.

2. Colombo Plan funds were car- marked to provide India with a Canadian-built atomic reactor Ind Burma with I cobalt-60 beam ther- apy unit for cancer treatment.

.1 A junior size cobalt "bomb" unit was developed for ssle to small hospitals.

4. W. J. Bennett, president of Atomic Energy of Canada, forecast thsl Csnsdn uranium production will be s s1ao.ooo,ooo business by the end of 1958.

The Age .OId Stoiry A

By His knowledge shnll,My right. sous servant justify many: for lie shsll beer their Illqllltiu.

FIRMS PA! .000

TORONTO (OP)-ll. W. Harris of the All-Csssde Insurance Fed- erstlnb said Saturday that fire snd casualty insurance companies pay out more than 3I)0.0N dslly to settle claims. Mr. Harris told the Csnsdisn Progress Club of To- ronto lils federation represents more than 30 companies Ind that "claims totalling more than 8245,- ooo,ooo sre peklelch year in off- set the costs of s variety of

OM38!

snow scans:

aehoid the winter twilight. wel- come back

The deeper blur-.the the cold thrust .

of wind, the imprint of the SQ!-Ill" rel's track.

Down in the valley, see the small white church.

its windows candle-glowing through the dusk.

A particle of beauty in our search.

Toward all serenity. Clustering ssh

And maple and dark hemlock line the hill;

Above. surrounding all, the peace- ful flash

of heaven": candles. try lane

A homeward-trudging figure looms against

The gold-lit frostwork of a win- dowpsne.

-Jane Morrison in the Christian Science Monitor.

BOOKS RECEIVED

"UP FUNNEL, DOWN SCREW" by Geoffrey Pennl Hollis and Carl- er, London, Pub. Rep. Montreal 184 PP- 33.50) purports only to be I history of the engin in. side of the Royal Navy. It is, however, I record of the birth pangs of sea power as it was understood just prior to the air age. The emphasis is on the engineer officer. his status on board sblp' and his pre- stige ashore.

it took the navigating uiilcer some I-D0 years to be acepted as an equal and indeed integrated with the military branch naval of- ficer so that the impatience of the engineers for similar recognition is a mark of the rapidly increasing tempo of change. Surgeons, school- mssters and other "civilian" of- ficers have bad to wall even long- er for a measure of recognition.

Even today we have not reach- ed the stage pi posed in the Scl- borne-Fisher Scheme of 902. which Proposed one system of supply, one system of entry and one system of training for those who would .ventually be either execu- tive or engineering officers.

Strangely, the author does not seem to be concerned that ratings in the engineering branch are not classed as seamen.

--A-n......

MORE SAVINGS

CANBERRA (CPI-eDeposit5 in Australian savings bnnks reached 31.450.000.000 It the end of Oct. ober. I gain of five per cent ovu- llle previous yesr. Biggest average ssvlngs sre in New South Wales per cspits. '

starshine.

in the coun-

'--m-m--a-.. scotrr GATHERING surrorv COLDFIELD, England (CF)-Some 12 countries including Censds have notified scout heed. quarters here they will send con- fingents to the World scout Jeni. boree to be held in this Warwick- sblre district in 1957. The ismboree will celebrate the centenary of Lord Bsden-Powell.

Olouondexponsos OCH-erhevnerepoh-I cl-bopplngenpavsos eludes-his

Loans mods without endoti.

;

Female-dsyserviee. lg-pr... -'

shnplsrequlmneints. ; Uptounosthuorepq Phonsoreoinsii ' '

,r.mu.rnu-my 9 '

W.l.Wpsd:,&n - lII,InuIeeuelo..sde Lpbeueul GIIIIIIIIOWIG Ill.

5

, Medically: H - - Speaking

Iylermss N. Insdesen, II. D.

CANCER 'PBECAU'I'l0N.I EVERY ONE COULD TAKE 0 t

We don't know why cancer oells begin growing in s wild and un- controlled msnner. We do know. however. certsln conditions which may contribute to development of cancer- s Long-continued irritation or con- sland hast appear to favor some forms of malignant growth. This irritation maybe chemical or frict- ion and it may occur upon the bodyls furface, in the openings of the y or in the cells of the centre organs. .

Frequently cancer develops in parts of the body where there is a lot of chemical activity such as in the stomach or female reproduct- ive organs. s

The continued rubbing of s jag- ged tooth or s poorly fitting dental plate may cause a sore which can turn into cancer if left un- treated for I long time.

Certain warts or moles if con- stantly irritated, by clothing or daily shaving for instance. might become cancerous.

Certain types of heavy oils or tars may produce cancer when smear- ed over the some portion of your skin over long periods.

Among these materials are pitch. soot. crude mineral oil, fuel and lubricating oils and creosote oil.

DIRECT SUNLIGHT

Men and women who have lfair skins and become sunburned eas- ily should avoid continuous overex- posure to direct sunlight year af- ter year. This does not mean you cannot get s vacation sun tan. But farmers, construction workers and others who are outdoors I great deal should protect themselves will

4 t clothing, visored or brand bf 4 hats or anti-sunburn lot- ions.

Cancer of the skin looks some- what like I small sbrnsion. It may be a sore that does not heal, a wart or mole or a crack in the skin. While this type of cancer sc- counls for 14 percent of all cancer cases. it causes less than 1 percent of the deaths. If discovered early enough, we can cure about 06 pos- cent of skin cancer cases.

Now I know you sre going to ask, ”Whal about smoking?”

The American Cancer Society h making I study of smoking hsbifl now. The first report shows that the death rate among regular cig- arel smokers was 52 percent Ib- over the rate for men who had neve smoked.

difference in the death rstes w ccounted for chiefly by cen- cer snd coronary artery diseases- The mortality rate from cancer of the lung among smokers who used more than a pack a day was more than five times Is high as that for nonsmokers.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

A.W.: I have been suffering with a severe pain over one eye extend- ing from the ear to the back of the neck. What would you recom- mend I do for this?

Answer: In order to determine the exact cause for the pain which you describe, it is necessary that I careful physical examination he made. as there are numerous con- ditions which might be csusing ft.

NOTES BY

Page 16 The Guardian;

THE WAY

WI sense weeks slnoe they told us Ibout that space sstellite busi- ness. Science is marvellous. but it's time it bad sometldng fresh tostsrtleuswiflnbefnreweget bored. -Ilsmlrhn Spectntor.

Perhaps it's Judi as well most babies are born in hospitals nowa-

-days so when they grow up and

become famous there won't be campaigns to preserve their birth- plsces ss notional shrines, when the space is needed for parking lots. -St.'- Catharine: Standard

It's hard 10 spprslse this llfe's blessings correctly. Here's Dwight D. Eisenhower, for instance, fam- ous, honored. rewarded Ibove the dreams of most human beings. Yet, striken by illness and recover- ing, he is reported "thrilled" at the privilege of sitting for s few minutes in I wheel chsir..He must be really envious of the millions snd millions of Americans going about their work and recreation in good health.all of whom some- time must have envied him for one or another of his great achievements and distinctions.

- Chicago News.

Factory furnaces Ire required by law to discharge smoke into the upper sir through tell chim- neys. the executive of In sum- mobile consultant firm observes. But the horizontal exhaust of pass- enger autos and most trucks puff out their fumes almost at street le.vel. although he says that "car-

gbon monoxide and other gases

from automobile engines are far ,more toxic than anything flul comes out of factory smoke- stscks." His solution? It is "chim- neys" for cars snd trucks, possibly like the vertical exhaust pipes of some big Diesel trucks. It's an ides that suggests investigation by the medical men who have helped stimulate other new safety fest- ures in cars. And think what I new trend in design might stem from the lofty exhaust stacks. Chrome-plated nsturnlly.- Mll- wsukee Sunday Joumsl.

"Write some rousing Canada" was the advice iven by Leonard Brockington in a dressing graduates of the Royal C0lllErVn- wry of Music. Mr. Brockington is to be regarded as I competent authority and doubtless he has been impressed by the need in Canada. It is assumed he is not satisfied with the dreary, draggy

sous for

40 Canada as s national song,

much less s national anthem, - Port Arthur News-Chronicle

iwltb hseasonal sbrupfncss the

Detroit River has taken on a des- .

cried look. The stream is as broad and navigable as ever, but 31,. shipping season officially is over and most of the big carriers arg. Kolng into Winter quarters. A new b03iS. MOSUY coal carriers, will continue to ply between rive, docks and nearby Lake Erie porn. perhaps throughout the Winter, For a brief spell the moored ship: will be occupied only by their watchmen. But early in the New Year the work of refitting will get under way. Four months hence the big carriers will be breasting the river current again. on their rush upslresm for the 1950 season's first loads of ore. -Wind. sor Star.

During his British visit. Dr. Schweitzer heard critics attack him ss "ostentatious" because he travelled third class, carried his own luggage and set up his head- quarters in a humble cafe. When he met Britalnis queen. he were I cost 25 years old. carried s hat 40 years old. and wore s pair of ancient black shoes. As he was

ready to leave the cafe, s young girl's autograph book wu handed in. When he had gone, the reporter glanced at it. There wss only one psge left: on if the child lied drawn the back View of ss elephant, with the words: This k the end. Underneath were these words: "The elephants st Lam- bsrene are much more elegant than this. even from behind Albert Schweifssr." -- Gait Re- porter.

SINGE

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when the cause is found proper treatment may be advised.

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