AEPRIL 9. 1951

'il'HE GUARDlAN.- CHARLOTTETOWN .

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

RE-E38! OF GENERAL sE(;n1l,TAj;' ()oN1l'ERENOElence. with the P. E. I. General Sec- Federation to the Ontario 'I'ea.chl-.rs' : HELD

IN '.'l.'0BON'.l0, FEB. 28-24.1951.

-r it first national General Secre- mi Conference convened in red- ", .1 House, Toronto. on Friday and turday. February 28rd and

M? oration House contains the offices of the provincial Ontario 'rea0hers' Federation and the af- filiates. Federation House is a most elabdhte and convenient arrange- mmx, truly, a home for Ontario teachers, who may wish to discuss mq,-us. problem with officials of lheiff various organizations.

1, year. 1950. a somewhat sim- igm-Monference met in Montreal, but attended by only those sec- ret es east of Manitoba. Just here. 1,, may be pointed out that the four wegm-n provinces held a meeting which was attend I' by both FYO- lincial presidents and secretaries.

The first session of the Toronto conference opened on Friday mom- mg with Nora Hodglns. general secretary of O.T. F. in the chair, and Dr. Jim Paton, general secre- tary of P. A. P.T.. as secretary of the conference. Attending were rep- resentatives from all provinces ex- cept Newfoundland.

After the minutes of the August l7th Saskatoon meeting were read. me first item on the agenda was that of salaries. Ontario report- ed that practically no one in the secondary schools (i.e., with univ- ersity degree and one year profes- sional training) is getting less than 5.2000. The minimum is now stated at &2.500. Maximum for small schools (under 5 teachers) is 34,200: for'larger ones. above 35,000. The average increase or increment is 5300. Teachers generally are stiffen- mg in attitude towards salaries. many asking for 3600. 8800. 81.069 Increase. Roman Catholic Ontario reported none lower than 61.300. with the hlshest at s2.2oo.

In Nova Scotia. with Junior Mat- rlculation plus 1 year professional training, the beginning salary is 51.030, with 10 increments of 560 each. High schools start at 31,740. No basic change has been midi! since 1047. As you may know. Nova Scotia teachers are in the midst of a salary campaign. which, if suc- ppssful. will give an overall increase nf a million and a half dollars. Mill- ister of Education Hicks. however. has been adamantly opposed to In)? incgase.

New Brunswick reported a mini- mum salary of 81.100. Recently. Iiloncton has been given an indic- ated grant of an additional 8184.: 000 for education, and Bathur!-. 533,000. No ruling. however. has been given as to how much of this is to be used for teachers' salaries.

Alber-ta reported a trend toward the single salary schedule. Th0 western Conference or secretaries and presidents has set 81.800-93.000 M bulc salary. with 33.700-85.000 for degree teachers.

Prince Edward Island reported the situation as you know it too well, also indicating the recent re- quest for salary increases from the Government.

The P. A.P.T.. the only Olim- ization of Quebec represented, re- ported that the salary camnnlzn conducted last year throughout the province has reasonably good re- gults, the gain being on the average 3183. Montreal. which does its own negotiating without P. A. P. T. help. as does Charlottetown without P.- E. I.T.F., got an overall increase of 3198. The provincial average is

32.512.

British Columbia has a minimum mg. 01 g1,ooo-33,400 for element- ary. and 82.500-84.500 for secondary- An increase of 8200 yearly l5 0X' pected. The B.O. organization are using the professional basis. the relative standard of living in soc- iety, not the cost-of-living arml- ment as the reason for improved salaries.

At this time, Miss Snell of O.T.F.. gave n comprehensive report of the Ontario Teachers' Federation cur- riculum project. Committees of both teachers and non-teachers group are organized in many parts of the province to consider the question or curriculum fromlthe local level. There is to be a review of all sub- jccts in both elementary and sec- ondary schools, Grades I - XIII.

Arbitration and Collective Barlllnllll

Mliniiolaa, Saskatchewan, Alberta. and '-British Columbia all reported the Qgai right to arbitrate. Ontario has got the LEGAL right. but ra- therdhe accepted one. Alberta aub- jec breakers of contract to fines (w , by the way. they call as- sessments of cost).

3. Permit Teachers

Baikatchewan -- no recognition glv - a Bcotia - given legal pro-

. -- no professional status. I. - given reoolnlt-ion. P0"- eductiona. etc.

.. almost full rights. deductions. etc. o.'r.r. al-

. .'r.'-- school,"-hoard: 'n:dapelidence: - Alberto

itiihlc 1 bis reported hav- o'li-glgarding fiscal in-

de donoe.o7'loai-ds.

Machinery Dim: :- rl-enco. Al tling most case: out of W005). . -

of paying the expenses of chal:- committee in look after our guests man of committees. as they fee!-loclllly during the Weekend of this that if these chairman are going conference.

to give the proper kind of leader-'- In 0105' . I should like to ex- snip. they must be trained at the press publicly the thanks. of our expense of their own Us anizatlon. s

""""" '”'"""' f (Panier) - (1) bread. (2) meat,

1(3) basket. (4) punish. (15) hun- ger ( )

An attempt is being made to have g I (Orei11e) - (1) country. (2) car.

advertising for the various provin-"I f1l;'i:dm;.95':'l,';:'r:3gf,;d”';;:;"l:;l;;f'ji(a) pride. (4) step, (5) house. ( ) of duh, own "when "3 doing. (Presque) - (1) since, (2) now.

(3) lm t, 4 d, 5 , ) '"'m."3 M '3'" '”"”5"”' ' (Or) 0: ((1)) :3. 3:2; :;:l?l?n(3() or. Fees

(4) hour, (5) stove - ( ). (oiseau) - (1) stream, (2) horse.

(3) bird, (4) bone. (.5) wood - ( (Travsiller) - (1) work. (2) find,

-.-

Baskatchewsn reported that their fee is V1.3 of salary, averaging from 312-060. The Saskatchewan Federation now have a reserve fund

. B11.

of 3100.000, last year paying in 849.- 000. Manitoba fees range from :9- :20. Ontario secondary teache . pay from 316-330. 301: of the payment is put into a reserve fund, which now amounts to 8150.000. British Columbia budgets for 1091. reserves. Each local has its own fee. No one pays less than ti0.5o plus local fee of 3.50-31.00. Nova Scotia gives 255?. of its fees to their various locals.

Services To Teachers

Because of the fact that teachers sometimes are taken to court be- cause of accidents to pupils, etc.. various provinces are concerned about giving certain protective ser- vices to teachers. In Ontario. a teacher is liable to from 94,000- 59,000 for an accident in class. Mar.- itoba cited a case where one of her teachers was sued for 310.300 for

During the past 35 years. each cf the United states Presidents has asked the Congress of the United states to set up a plan for opening the Great Lakes and the St. Law- rence Rlver to ocean-going vessels. President Truman has requested that the US. Congress approve thc St. Lawrence seaway and Power Project.

The seaway, a 3935 million plan, would open the North American heartland to ocean shipping and re- lease a mighty flow of new electric power.

The seaway is of vital importance to Western defense, and incident- ally to U. S.-Canadian unity.

If and when it is built. the sea- way will also:

1. Extend the North American scacost by 3,000 miles. transform- ing such cltles as Chicago. Detroit. Cleveland and Toronto into deep-

negligence - a child lost his eye accidentally at a wiener roast. In Saskatchewan, a child drinking at a fountain was tapped on the head. losing two teeth. The teacher was held responsible according to the circumstances of the case. Thus. you see. it certainly seems evident that something should be done to come to the financial aid. at least. of these unfortunate teachers. This is one reason for increased fees.

some provinces have a benevol- ent fund for teachers. Ontario are considering giving a cost-of-living bonus to its pensioners.

Canadian Teabhers' Federation Federal Aid

George Crockery. C.T. F. general secretary, reported re Federal Aid status at the present time. You may all have read that the Federal Government turned down the res- olution sponsoring Federal Aid. To those on the outside of,the inform- ation, this vote may seem1ike a def- inite end to the question. However. Mr. Crockery reported that this move by the Government is NOT a setback. On the other hand, there was a much better debate than last year. and the opposition parties de- cided te force the issue because the Government had never committed itself one definite way or the other. Mr. Crockery declared that this move by the Opposition was fav- ourable to the cause of Federal Aid.

Telegrams had been sent from every Province to their various M. P.'s in Ottawa. including our three from P. E. I. Telegrams create quite a stir in Government benches. and that's what happened th time. They were very effective in

water ports. where inland shipyards could be located in wartime.

)2. Provide a low-cost inland rollie for shipment of iron ore to mldwcst steel mills from the rich new depos- its being developed in Labrador.

3. speed overseas shipment of us. and Canadian farm products which now must be trans-shipped twice.

4. Pump 3.400.000 h.p. of urgent- ly needed electric energy into the booming industrial complex of New llfork. Ontario and Quebec.

On the point of Labrador, iron ore alone. Western strategists shud- 'der to think of total war with no seaway. With the great mesabi dc- posits inexorably running out, Lah- rador is the only. known alternative source that could be made com- pletely safe from submarines.

The main St. Lawrence bottleneck is a 120-mile stretch from Montreal to Ogdensburg. N.Y.. where there is now a system of locks and canals

-o

On the right of each word in brackets are words or phrases. Ull- derilne. the word or phrase you think is closest in meaning to the word in brackets.

(Subtle) - 1. Yielding. 2. artful, 3. evasive. 4. underground.

(Parsimonious) - 1. preaching. 2. frugal. 3. intelligent. 4. artful.

(Ameliorate) - 1. to improve. 2. to tear apart. 3. to run down slow- 1y, 4. to destroy.

(Aerostat) - l. A lighter-than- air craft. 2. a kind of glider. 3. an instrument used to determine rela- tive humidity.

(Ubiquitous) - 1. being contrary of mind. 2. single-mind r' . ibelng every-where at the same

5”

eir ul . Two full da were: er glven igldetgguns we quumy; Tm: (Vernal) - 1. relating to spring. first day no Cabinet Minister 3- 'PP"”"3 '0 l” 'l'""- 3- P'l'W"' woke aim Gene". secretary Miing to the change of seasons of the C'.l.Jf.g Wu pnum u every speech. year. 4. pertaining to that which is

fletary acting as chairman and con- Federation for the hospitality ex- vener of the" meeting. It is to be tended to your delegate and to the mgnt, ma nagntlon pgy they ex-lhoped that some arrangement will Charlotteto School Board who so pom”, guugchewm no thinking he made by the C. T. F. convention generously paid for my substitute.

Respectfully submitted. J. A. S. WILLIAMS. General Secretary.

FRENCH VOCABULARY

(3) travel, (4) end. (5) snow.-( ).

(Bouche) - (1) mouth, (2) but- cher, (3) farmer. (4) arm. (5) floor - ).

(Monsieur) - (1) gentleman. (2) glove, (3) lady. (4) woman. (5) sta- tion. - ( .

(Assiette) - (1) cup. (2) seat, (3) plate, (4) help. (5) chair.-( .'

(Argent) - (1) family, (2) wom- (3) money. (4) hunger. (5.- island. .- ( ).

THE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY

providing a channel 14 feet deep. Under the 1941 agreement. this would be replaced by a 2'1 loot channel (deep enough for 8091; of the world's shipping) through con- struction of seven new locks. Ad- ditionally five dams would harness the international rapids to spin 36 tllrbines at Barnhart Island. Tile project would cost Canada 412 mil- lion dollars. the U. S. 520 million dollars. It would take six years, con- sume 150,000 tons of steel and 7.300.- 000 barrels of cement.

Both Canada and the United States would use the waterway and the electricity that was generated. They would also share in the cost of the work. It is thought that part of the amount spent could be re- covered through toll charges and through the selling of electricity. Canada has long been in favor of the project and has already finish- ed some of the work on her side of the proposed seaway.

The Great Lakes sections of both countries are busy industrial and agricultural areas. To reach distant markets their goods go by train or part way by boat and part by train. Either method is more costly than a straight haul by boat would be.

The chief supporters in tile U.S.A. of the waterway are the people who live in the Great Lakes area. Direct access to the ocean would save them millions of dollars. both on the goods they send out and on many materials they buy from other parts of the world.

Opponents in the United States of the St. Lawrence project include the railways which might lose trai- iice. seaports such as Boston and New York that might be adversely affected,-and power companies that object to government ownership of hydro electric installations.

MEANINGS

area to determine its choice of gov- ernment, 4. an unofficial vote to determine the passage of laws.

(Arbitration) -- 1. an examina- tion of facts in a case, 2. the set- tlement of a case in a court of law, 3. a routine exchange of informa- tion between two countries. 4. the settlement of a controversy by an authorised person or board.

(supercilious) .. 1. dlffident, 2. very proud. 3. indifferent to an issue, 4. ridiculous.

(Gregarious) - 1. impolite. 2. prone to be cynical. 3. prone to be sociable and friendly, 4. prone to keep to one's self.

(Proviso) - 1. an unexpected concurrence. 2. a conditional clause in an agreement. 3. the function of a deputy, 4. the act of being dis- creet.

Pedaloiy) - 1. the science of teaching, 2. medical science dealing with the study of the feet, 3. roll-

,an enemy. the whole Middle East. with its rich oil fields. would be threatened. India and Pakistan would be exposed to attack. and the shipping routes through the Suez Canal would be in danger.

These facts make Iran a rich prize which Russia would like to

Russia would .gain the country's oil fields. She would have an im- portant military outpost. and she would have ports on the Arabian Gulf.

Iran has made a recent trade ag- reement with the soviet Union and has cancelled British and American propaganda in adcasts from Tehe:- an. In both Iran and Iraq. there has been much discontent with the terms of British oil concessions. W. A.

The president of Brazil is Getulio Vargas.

seize. If Soviet troops occupied Iran; Al

Canada produces seventy percent

of the world's supply of asbestos. The contract for building a twen-

ty milllon dollar tunnel under the

st. Lawrence River connecting Ievis

and Quebec City has been awarded. Iran's new premier; and a noted

anti-Communist leader, is Husscn a

United states defense mobilizer is Charles Wilson. '

Britain's new foreign secretary is Herbert Morrison. 1

The ambassador of the United states to Japan, John F. Dulles, slated that Russia had seized a group of small islands just off the northeast coast of Japan and that the United States will refuse to rec- ognize the grab. Dulles said that the Soviet Union had gone well be- yond provisiohs made at Yalta, whereby it was given the Kurile is- land, South Sakhalin.

It is considered as the worst dis- ease of cattle and is one of the old- est and most deadly diseases afflict- ing anllnals. It still persists in all cattle-raising countries. and is es- pecially prevalent in swampy re- gions. Although it is most common among cattle. sheep. goats. and horses, 11: may affect other.domest- lcatcd animals such as hogs, cats. dogs. and poultry. It also attacks many wild animals. and even man is not immune to the disease.

Not until 1849 was the cause of anthrax discovered. In that year the German scientist, Aloys Pollender, found that the disease is due to certain rod-shaped bacteria which

grow rapidly in the blood and tis- sues of animals. and produce poisons that cause death. Later Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur made a special study of these bacteria and

PAGE NINE

ANTHRAX

finally devised a method of pro- ventive inoculation. Anthrax bac- tcria enter the body throulh el- tsrnal wounds or with air or food. The disease is usually fatal. using deathinwtoaollercentofthe animals infected. In acute cases death may come within a. few hours. the only noticeable symptoms being a high fever with quickened breathing and pulse. In less' acute cases the victim may live for sev- eral days, being restless. having frequent convulsions. and sometimes develo ' unbuncles. Because the spleen is aliected. the disease is of- ten called splenio fever. It is now possible to prevent the spread of the disease by inoculating healthy animals with anthrax vaccine. Be- cause the malady is very contus-

Continued on page 1-5-

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The second day. Mr. Martin spoke. 51"ml' indicating the Government's stand. Mr. Martin stated that no province

ad asked for Federal Aid at the-

ederal-Provlnciai conference. Mar- tin stated that the Provinces must ask for it. Our secretary states that Paul Martin is not opposed to Fed- eral Aid. The biggest thing we need to do now is to convince the pro- vincial governments to move in their request. It is significant that several Liberal members voted for Federal Aid. Interest in the press and publicity are growing. Mr. Croskery reported that as soon as the Massey Report is out. univer- sities will be given several millions as Federal Aid. possibly twelve millions. All in all. General secre- tary ery. who knows much more than he reveals. information being given him by political friends in Ottawa. is very optimistic of the situation and the way the wind is blowing.

p Education Week

This year there is a much keener interest among other organizations in Education Week. They expect teachers to provide the material. but there is great willingness to co- operate in printing up educational

(Mediator) -- 1. the head of a large business or firln. 2. one who reconciles groups at variance. 3. one who stands in the way of ac- complishment.

(Plebiscite) - 1. a consensus of opinion, 2. a revolt of a minority group. 3. a vote of the people of an

-Although raggrsssion in the Far East has turned much attention in that direction, deep thought is be- ing given by military and political leaders of Britain and the United states to the problem of the critical area known as the Middle East. The Western powers realise the vulner- ability of this region and their in- ability to stop an attack on the Middle East should one be made at anytime soon.

Defense at present in the Mid- dle East depends on the British Middle East land forces and Royal Air Force and Navy units. the Turks, the Pakistanis. and a Un- ited statcs Navy squadron station- ed in the Mediterranean and us. air transport bases at Tripoli in Libya and Dhahran in Saudi Ara- bia.

souls countries of the Middle East are closely connected with the

needs. There has been a good ro-

North Atlantic Alliance. Turkey and

spouse commercially. Twelve na- tional Pfolrammes will give spot announcements this

for expenses of Education week. and 3.0. live 0100.

Saskatchewan thirts it is a sand to rotate the chairmanship the different organizations

lan-auoasmlu

The C.'l'.!'. office plan to buildl

ofoduoational surveys:

Loans of these will required-

Greece are associate members. Then Egypt, Jordan and Iraq have treat- ies with Great Britain. a member of the North Atlantic Alliance. The

in membership of India and Pakistan

in the British” Commonwealth tie them in. Then. too, Australia. New Zealand. and South Africa. mem- bers also of the British Common- wealth, are vitally interested in the well-being of the Middle East.

Turkey is the strongest country of the Middle last group. Turkey has modern. well trained armed forces. and since World War II has

h.-according "Turkey's naval forces com- with the coastal fortifica-

tine examination of learning. 4. any application of psychology.

. (omniscient) - 1. capable. 2. dangerous. 3. all-knowing. 4. all- powerful.

(Garrulous) - l. talkative. 2.