PAGE FOUR

-.THE GUARDIAN

Ilornlng Daily (Founded In full) LIIIOI-Ind II llocoud Clan IIIH Poet Dillon Department. Ottaw-

'.l'Iu llluld Guordlnl I"l1IIIIII.'IID. Co. Iditor and Managing Director. J. B. Burnett Anon-lieu Editor, lfunh Walker.

f'TIIe Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

CIIABLOTTETOWN. FRIDAY. JUNE 16, I950

clilgnecto canal Ilelegatlon

Once again the Chignecto Canal project Is in the forefront, and it is to be hoped that the delegation which will wait upon Prime Minister St. Laurent and his cabinet on Thursday next will be as widely repre- sentative as possible of all the Atlantic Provinces. The brief to be presented was completed some time ago and brings all the previous arguments for the Canal up to date, including the newer issues relating to higher freight rates, the Labrador iron ore development and the greater necessity for freer trade between the Maritimes and In easier access to the markets of the Uni- ted States.

In the latter connection, it need only be recalled that the Canal would save 511 miles on the trip from Summerside, P. E. I., to Portland, Maine, and 422 miles on the trip from Charlottetown to Boston, to realize the importance of this long-delayed project to this Province. The Canal would provide a protected navigation route which could be used by all types of shipping. For a wide variety of commodities, boats built for inland or coastal waters would be the most convenient and least expensive form of transportation. In these days of ex- orbitant rail rates, the latter factor is one of increasing importance. . -

As has been said many times, the major problems of this part of Canada is not pro- duction. The difficulty lies in transport- ing the products of our farms, fisheries and mines to prospective buyers, at a cost low enough to enable them to be sold at competitive prices. The Chignecto Canal would make this possible, and in doing so would revive the economic life of the Mari- times and lead to the expansion of old in- dustries and the establishment of new ones.

The Chignecto Canal was one of the un- dertakings promised the Marltimcs at the time of Confederation. That was a long time ago!

Social Justice

Health and Welfare Minister Paul Mar- tin quite accurately stated that the sym- bol of the 20th century will be the search for social justice. In a complex world in which the techniques of production have long attained a level of efficiency at which plenty for all is readily produced. but which is subject to severe dislocations, the aver- age man has inevitably come to demand protection against the vagaries of a sys- tem over which he has so little personal control.

Such security is all to the good, and pessimists who predict that without the spur of threatened poverty man will cease from producing are only seeing bogies. That does not mean that there is no danger or price to pay for measures of social secur- ity. Every such measure must be admin- istered by someone, and today that some- one is inevitably the State. It. is here that the real proble arises. New duties mean not only added s aff but increased powers. The government today has infinitely more power over the individual than it had a generation ago, and with every new mea- sure of social security that power is increas- ed.

He will be a brave man who in 1060 decides that his children are not going to be vaccinated, or that he is going to plant twenty acres of potatoes instead of ten in oats as instructed by the agent of the De- partment.

Such powu-I can be kept within bounds, and the benefits enjoyed but only by a. people who are alive, not only to their own injustice, but to injustice to anyone in the land, popular or unpopular. To any less politically alert people "social security" spells tyranny in every aspect of daily life.

EDITORIAL NOTES

We are now in the second half of June, and not a kick against the weather with which we have been blessed.

I O O

Prorogation of Parliament by the end of June or earlier is now anticipated at Ottawa.

0

There is something of poetic justice in the proposal of the Department of Industry and Natural Resources to combat the skunk pest with gas.

g Following the Civil War the United States rapidly took in 50,000,000 immigrants according to figures quoted in the Com- Inonl this week. The difference between that undertaking and.Canada'a present 95,-

' 000.1, year is so great as to be appalling.

Growing conditions are ideal in the Maritimes, says a newspaper heading. The immediate advantage of some of the luxuri- ant growth, however, seems to be going to

the cutworm.

The wearing of summer dress has been compulsory for Eastern Army Command personnel from June 15th. Any inclemency of the weather from now on is an irrele- vance to be disregarded. I

O O

A reader, who recently visited the,Chris- topher Wren replica church at Belfast, says he spent a considerable time reading in- scriptlons on the many old grave stones. One particularly interested him because of its uniqueness. After giving name, age, etc., of the one interred, it concluded with this characteristically Scottish expression: "Gone to the Gathering."

Accident prevention research at the University of Western Ontario indicates that the woman driver may creep along and seem not quite sure what to do next but is nevertheless singularly accident- ree. The report does not indicate what happens to other motorists whose nerves may have been affected by efforts to cope

with the potterer. 0

Dr. Norman Macleod, Scottish preach- er and author, died this date 1872. Was minister of Barony Church, Glasgow and Chaplain to Queen Victoria. Was editor of Good Words magazine from 1860 till his death. He upheld the establishment of the Church of Scotland against the agitation of non-conformists. Was opposed to strict- Sabbatarianisms and a warm supporter of home and foreign missions. Author of "The -Old Lieutenant and His Son", ”Reminis- sances of a Highland Parish."

O O 0

Prices of agricultural products in Can- ada - excluding Newfoundland - increas- ed in April over the preceding month, but were below April last year, the Bureau of Statistics report. The index number for all Canada, on the base 1935-39-100, stood at 248.8 in April as conpared with 246.0 in March and 250.9 in April, 1949. The Bureau attributed the ”steady rise since January” largely to rising livestock prices. Increased prices were recorded in all provinces from March to April, but with the exception of Ontario, were below those of a year ago.

I O 0 While we understand that nothing defin- ite has yet been decided, Mr. Dougald Mac- Kinnon, M.L.A., a director of Northumber- land Ferries Ltd., may be appointed mar.- ager, located at Wood Islands, where he could attend to the interests of shippers and travellers using the route. Mr. Mac- Kinnon is well and favourably known both here and at Ottawa where he has visited in connection with the present year's re- newal contract between the Company and the Federal Government. He is a colleague of Premier Jones in the representation of

Belfast in the Legislature.

O I I

The Progressive Conservatives in the Senate are showing exceptional generosity towards the Prime Minister in insisting upon providing him and his wife not only a palatial summer residence at St. An- drew's, Quebec, but board and lodging of 355,000 per annum as well. The argument is, of course, that though the wealthy pre- sent Prime Minister may be able to carry on with his 3523.000 salary, and contribute 385,000 for the privilege of living in luxury at St. Andrew's in' the summer, the next Prime Minister may not be able to afford it, thereby bringing in discrimination in the choice of a party leader to merely wealthy men.

O

Mr. C. L. Burton. former president and now chairman of the board of directors of the Robert Simpson Company, and Mrs. Burton, celebrated the golden anniversary of their marriage on Monday. Mr. Burton calls it a "crime" that young persons must wait, sometimes for years, before they can afford marriage. He says the Government and the people of any country should give top prior- ity to ensuring that young men of 23 or 24 are financially independent. The Burtons were married at 23. He had jumped from a 3&2-a-week law-office job to a position as managing director of a fancy goods busi- ness and was making 320 a week. "The important thing for a young couple is not how much they make but whether they have the intention to live within their means." -

O ' O O

In a letter to the Montreal Gazette, Mr. Stanley B. Ryerson, National Organizational Secretary, Labor-Progressive Party. Toron- to, May 27, admits the National Executive of the Labor-Progressive Party has officially dropped the pretense that his party is not the Communist Party of Canada. His letter defines the Labor-Progressive Party as "the party of Canadian Communis ." The sec- ond polnt is that the Labor-Progressive Party, as the party of Canadian Commun- ists, emphasizes that it is giving its full sup- port to the so-called "peace movement in

thin country."

THE.” GUARDIAN. 'CHARLOT'I'ETOWN

U. S. Imports And The Dollar Gap

(Monthly Review of The of Nova sooth)

Bank

dollar problem in a. satisfactory level of lnoematlonal trade unless the United States increases its im- imports from the world at large," says the current Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scotie. The Review deals with the dollar prob- lem from the standpoint of the U. 5. balance of payments and of what. the United States can do to increase her imports.

The prime need is that the Unit.- ed States should put more dollars into circulation by increasing her purchsses from the world stlarge. This clearly demands npositlve and vigorously pursued import; policy on the part of the United States. The necessity for such a policy is real- ized by the Adlnistration and by some sections of one public, and already action has been initiated on several fronts. President Tru- man has recently upplnfed a Special Assistant to co-ordinate the views and activities of gov- ernment and other groups engag- ed in studying ways of closing the dollar gap. The Secretary of the Treasury has sent to Congress I bill to simplify customs procedures. and further negotiations for tariff reductions -among the nations ad- hering to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are to be held next. Septe.-nber at Torquay, England.

0 O 0

Marshall Aid is due mendln 1952. Quite apart. from the fact. that overseas countries want. to bring their dependence on the bounty of the United States to an end and In pay with their own goods and services for what they purchase. it. would clearly be unsatisfactory from the U. 5. point of view for the level of exports to go on de- pending indefinitely on subsidi7.at.- ion by the U S. taxpayer. Not. only would this place U. 8. ex- ports in an extremely vulnerable position. but it. would mean that the nation as a whole was not en- joylng the full fruits of its labour. since part: was being sent away without anything being received in exchange.

Only the Revlcvw emphasizes. if the goods in which each country has natural advantages in produc- tion. or lower labour costs. are on- abled to move more freely through the channels of world trade can the Western world hope to work out a system under which it can prorper and grow The stultifying and restrictive effects of the dol- lar shortage choke this flow: the United States faces difficulty in sustaining its ex'porI.s; other eourltries face even greater dif- ficulty in obtaining necessary im- ports. A balance in trade between the United States and the rest of the trading world will inevitably be reached, but the question is how large the volume will be. To quote from a recent statement from the White House. "It is of great importance to us and to othcr countries that the new bal- ance is "struck at a high level which will provide full employ- ment. greater production and higher standards rf living."

0 O O

The Review devotes consider- able space to discussing the factors that influence the volume of U. S. imvpcrts. A close relation exists between the level of industrial production in the United States and the volume of imports. since the bulk of U. S. imports consists of raw materials and semi-manu- facturcs for use by American in- dustry. The level of national in- come and production affects other sorts of imports as well. for to it are closely geared the volume of such consumers' goods imports from Western Europe as woollens, per- fumes and whiskey, European income from shipping. and income from U. S. tourist expenditures which have traditionally been a large source of U. S. dollar in- come to marry countries, including Canada.

The growth of the U 8. economy and the depletion of such U. S resources as timber and base metals tend to increase l-mports. On the other hand, there has been a long-term tendency. stimulated by the two world wars. for the United States to become increas- ingly indcpendcnt of imports in man-y lines. either through the development of domestic facilities for manufacturing goods formerly imported or through the invent- ion of substitutes, such as synthe- tic rubber and nylon.

Whatever the reasons may be. the Review points out, U. S. im- ports of goods and services have for some years, represented a small- er percentage of national expendit- ure than they did in the twenties. Then they represented between 5 and 6 per cent of the gross nation- ni expenditure; whereas recently the ratio has been less than 4 per cent. Had imports in 1949 borne the some relation to gross nation- al earpenditure as in the earlier period, three-quarters of the dol- lar gap would have been closed.

0 O 0

What part the tariff has played in reducing the dependence of the United States on imports if is dif- ficult to say. Certainly it. has sharply limited the variety and quantity of consumers' goods which enter the country, since if. beenon finished manufactures. and on some agricultural commodities, with particular severity. induct- ion of U. S. tariff rates on menu- factured goods would be particu- larly helpful at this time. since it would aid where the tredn put- lem is greatest. Western liuropenn countries, the bulk of whose ex- ports to the outside world column of manufectured goods. are still for from having regained the share of the U. 5. market held be- fore the war. In 90' the In? countries supplied less than 13 per cent of U. S. mermnndise in- ports as sgeinet over 24 per cent. in I930-30.

The Review then d-foetuses I number of mn-tariff burner: to trade and concludes: "It. is of course impossible to predict what effect I merited improvement in the terms of entry into the United states would have on U. 5. im- ports. vn-tu rfocantly. overseen countries have been slow to make effort. Since

devaluation. however, their um. lmttlve position nu improvedend

"There can be no solution of the

1

inn:-we-ad-coorsu-one-4io1aooetD 3? Old Charlottetown if (And r. s. 1.;

'37:? 1-: .-r ;

TBEASON AND FELONY

From the Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of State for the Colon- ies. to Lieutenant Governor Dun- das. January 23. 1861:

"I have had under my consid- eration an Act recently passed in Prince Edward Islind. intiiuled An Act. for the better apprehen- sion.of certain offender-s.'

"The Act of the Imperial Par- liament. provides a process by which persons charged with hav- ing committed treason or felony in any part of the British Empire may be apprehended in any other part. and sent back for trial to the place in which the offence was committed. The Colonial Act now forwarded provides. that in case of persons charged with either of the above offences in British South America. the Bermudas or the British West Indies, a some- what differeni. process shall be pursued-the functions assigned by the English Act of Parliament to the Governor or acting Gover- nor being transferred by the Col- onial Act partly to the Executive Government ta somewhat general term) and partly to the Chief Jus- tice. or any one of thegassistant Judges of the Supreme Court. It also enlarges the time after which the alleged offender iseither to be deported or set at liberty, from two to three months; and by re- pealing the concluding sentence of the Imperial Act. it enables the Supreme Court to endorse the warrant. authorizing the apprehen- sion of an offender without ex- amining into the evidence against him.

"As the local Legislature is not competent to alter a British Sta- tute. the result of this enactment. if it were to remain unrepealed, would be the following: Persons having committed offences else- where than in the Colonies above specified would be claimable in Prince Edward Island under the Act of Parliament 6 and 7 Vic- toria. Persons having committed offences in the specified Colonies would be claimable certainly un- der the Act of Parliament, and possibly under the local Law.

”I do not see why a different process is to be authorized in the case of the specified Colonies from that which will continue to exist in regard to the rest of the Bri- iish Empire. And I think that the existence of two alternative pro- cesses. with regard to those Col- onies. may lcad to confusion and inconvenience.

"But I also whether the

feel much doubt authorities of any other Colony could legally re- ceive from the Government of Prince Edward Island. and trans- port across the sea into their own Jurisdiction. an offender arrested and delivered into their own hands under authority of a mere local Act. th'e effect of which is confined within Prince Edward Island. And as the Imperial Leg- islature has very properly provid- ed a mode of effecting this object of which the legality is unques- tionable. lf is very undesirable that Colonial officers should be encouraged to any more doubtful procedure. I think therefore that this matter should be allowed to rest in the position in which the Imperial Parliament has placed it.-unaffected by the Col- on-ial Legislature. And I shall therefore feel it my duty to ad-

vise the disallowance of this Act.”

it seems fair to assume that a broad. imaginative move on the

part. of the UIIIIIEII States to make its market more accessible would have helpful and encouraging re- sults. If U. s. imports are not aubst.entia.lly increased. that country faces the dilemma. of choosing either between an indef-

”00DO0fe60mCOs&O Notes From

Another Island

-. By "Anson" 6

ONDON. England:--

In many ways things seem to be looking up. Whatever practical reasons there might be for think- ing so it is only fair to admit that the season of the year probably has a lot to do with it, for. some- how. when summer comes the world doesn't seem half such a bad old place after all. There IS plenty still wrong with it, of course. and we wouldn't be our- selves if we couldn't still find plenty to grumble about; but when. in the incalculable way of the English summer. we get a sudden flash of warmth and sun- shind it is possible. if not actively to count our blessings (we are apt to be rather shy of admiring the existence of any) at least to be subconsciously aware of them.

It. is possible mentally to file away such worries as dollar de- ficits. atom bombs, iron curtains and the high cost of living; file them away for re-consideration at some unspecified future date or until they force themselves upon our attention. Instead we can concentrate on other. more pleasant problems such as how to win this year's cricket Test Matches against the West Indies touring team; whom to pick to send to Australia later on to tackle the ancient cricket enemy "down under"; whether we shall be lucky with good weather on our holidays, if the place where we are going will turn out to be as pleasant as we have heard, and if we shall be able to get our favourite brand of cigarette there or whether we should lay in a stock to take with us.

0 I I

Even if. reading our newspapers. we find that we cannot avoid con- templation of more evil things entirely. the evil does not seem quite as black if we can give such matters their due thought whilst basking in a garden or a park in the sunshine of a June

day. perhaps with the scent of flowers in our nostrils. a nearby rose bush. stirred by a breeze.

distracting our attention now and

We if ?oeai&-um

FR-OM

'A NORTHERN VlGIL'

When day puts out to sea

And night. makes in for land. There is no lock for thee,

Each door awaits thy hand!

when night goes over the hill And dawn comes down the dale: It's .0 for the wild sweet wvlll 'I'lu-at shall no more prevail!

when the zenith moon is round. And snow-wralths gather and run.

And there is set no bound To love beneath the sun,

0 wayward will. come near

- The old mad wilful way,

The soft. mouth at, my es: With words too sweet to say!