PAGEAFOUIY -'—-——:..——-—"- , THE GUARDIAN

llllllllll Dally (Pounded ta llltl) lulharlurl as elaeuinl Cline lull. Pan Oflloe Department, Ottawa.

.4n‘.GvM".i'A c

The lolnnil (luanllul Pulsllnlslugfa. ldltnr IBII bliniuiinp lllrmolrir. J. It. Burnett. .Anrii~|ti1a llirlltiir. Fruuli Waller.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest ink."

'UHABLOT'I‘E'I‘LIWN.VEIINESDAY, MARCH 16, 1949

fi9j-‘Y3I-“w p1

Making Public Speakers

The Junior Farmers’ Federation is to be commended upon initiating a series of public speaking contests, beginning in home localities, and proceeding through county and Provincial organizations to o contest at the Maritime Win- tcr Fair, and perhaps at a Dominion Junior Farmers‘ speaking contest in the Fall. The con- tcstants must be between sixteen and twenty five, and prizes will be awarded winn-ers. lt will be seen from the advertisement in this issue that the proposed contests are ably planned, and the subjects submitted for discussion of a prac- tical and agricultural interest. There is great need for the development of effective oratory, and the various univ rsities in Canada and elsewhere recognize this and are devoting spec- lol efforts to train young men and women in the art. A number of years ago, the Guardian spon- sored school oratorial contests, which proved popular, and served to instill a love for public speaking among youths of both sexes. lt was Chesterfield, writing to his son who declared that every man who can speak at all, can speak ele- gantly and correctly if he takes the trouble by reading the best authors and listening to the best arators. But the student must not attempt great flights to begin with, as the Bible says, suffice it at the outset to "let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt." This was how one of the youthful crators in such a con- test began his remarks:

You'd scarce expect one of my age, To speak in public on the stage;

And if I chance to fall below Demosthenes or Cicero,

Dcn't view me with a critic's eye,

But pass my imperfections by.

Large streams from little fountains flow, Tall oaks from little acorns grow.

All will wish every success to the candidates who summon the courage ta enter the contests.

St. Patrick

tomorrow all Christian nationalities will unite with their lrish brethren in doing honour to a great man, a Christian and one of the earliest missionaries of the Christian Church — Saint Patrick. i

Born in the fourth century much of his history is tradition, but all of it founded upon definite knowledge concerning his great mission- ory achievements. lt is said that Saint Patrick was taken to lreland a captive of a roving band of maraudcrs. He escaped after six years, but instead of being filled with revenge, he was fill- ed with’ pity, and went back to lreland to car_ry enlightenment of the gospel to its people.

His works and teachings stand out like a beacon light in the twilight of the middle ages and still more so in the growing light of succeed- ing centuries. The faith and hope he brought to the people of lreland lives, though he is dead. The world today, especially those countriesbe- hind the iron curtain, could well use men of the stamp of Saint Patrick. I

The sturdy and indomitable people of lre- land have played a noble and magnificent role in the building of our great Dominion. "Ml llefer as in other parts of the Empire, the annual Solrli Patrick celebration is eagerly looked forward to with interest and appreciation by all CloSSB-S.

Locally the occasion is being observed by the customary parade and church service, as well as entertainment in the form of an Irish Drama at the Prince Edward Theatre. lndications' are that the program arranged by the Benevlllefli lrish Society will measure up in every way to the standard of previous years.

Call From The Fishermen.

Now it is the Manitoba lake fishermen who claim they cannot sell their catch and are ask- ing the Dominion Government for assistance. They say they are facing financial ruin if some- thing is not done. Earlier it was apple and potato growers in the Maritimes, and it looks very much as if butter producers will be in the some boot soon. Many other commodities will be in surplus supply in the near future unless outside markets aregfound —- and each can be expected to ap- peal to the Government for help.

Producers who find themselves with surplus supplies which are depressing prices have fre- , quently right and law on their side when they go to the Dominion Government for aid. ln return for controlled prices during wartime Parliament passed the Agricultural Prices Support Mi. P05- oibly other acts which have a similar intent, plac- ed large sums of money at the disposal of those who administer the act. In the case of‘ agricul- tural products the amoiint is $200,000,000. In effect Parliament promised many primary_pro- ducors a guarantee against sudden and ruinous price declines in the post-WI! owed In raga". s fir controlled wartime prices. There was to e q lovblling-off period. But there are all sorts of difficulties now. One is to decide when a reason- qble post-war period should terminate and on- othor liow for the Government should go-and much it- ihould spend. Obviously if a price {uppers program goes the limit the Dominion - may find itself the owner of griot stores of many

pmductp, for some of which there ls no market.

A-corr of’ the London Spectator _ g from _ ton, explains for English constitutional factors brought into

is iiiplanatlon goes into the

. of fiongrm to inoke, wiir

‘$4M’ ‘power of the President, by ' ' 0t

' l Stalin draft of a North

-. eh

i , to make treaties. lt mentions the accepted rule

that no Congress has the power to bind a fu- ture Congress. But the explanation goes beyond this field of definition to another which should be of interest. The London Spectator’: corres- pondent says of these "constitutional safeguards:

The rest of the world might also be grateful that those safeguards exist, for, as long as they do, they are the suresf guaranty that the United States can never embark on a course of imperial- istic militaristic aggression. lf they are a pro- tection to the people of the States, they are also a protection for others.

./ EDITORIAL N0] lzS ./.

The Legislature. Red Cross annual meeting. h‘ k *

"The Finnegan Twins," St. Patrick's play

this evening.

* t w

Motor meters for down town Charlottetown will probably benefit the City Council financial- ly, but will entail more supervision. Will Satur- day night farmers’ visits be interfered with?

‘k i ‘k

Cape Breton is to. lose its insularity by the bridging of Canso Strait, but nothing effective seems to be going to be done to improve the service between Wood Islands and Caribou.

‘k ‘k i

Nova Scotia and the Maritimes generally re- joice at the promise of a rail and highway bridge across the Gut of Canso. industrial development and military preparedness will both be served by that link.

~k

On the question of the sale of skim milk, will the City Council obtain a report from its Health Officer as to the claim by Councillor Cox "That skim milk contains all the elements grow- ing children require?"

. n-

w w

w

George Bernard Shaw declares that, al- though a Communist, he cannot support a Com- munist candidate in a parliamentary by-elec- tian. lf Mr. Shaw's political views were put into effect he would have no such choice in the

matter. '

on:

On this coast we are apt to forget that Co- nada is a Pacific nation. Oyur interests and de- fence, as well as coastline, border,on both oc- eans. We may or may not favour the proposed Pacific Defence Pact but we cannot be indiffer- ent to it.

e a

An increase of $227,000 in subsidy from Ottawa is not to be despised, though as Hon. the Leader of the Opposition (Dr. MocMil|an) showed it is far far less than what we would have been entitled to under the Duncan and White Commission reports and recommenda- tions.

er

Iii

The over supply ‘of fresh-water fish in West- ern Canadu, which is ‘playing havoc with Dthe Manitoba lake fishing industry, is also of direct concern to Maritime fishermen. Efforts to mar- ket the inland product are_bound to hove a depressing effect on fish prices generally. Only greatly increased consumption of sea foods pro- vides a satisfactory solution.

a .. 0

A long step in the right direction is Prime Minister St. Laurent's promise that in future a monthly summary of Orders-in-Council Wlll ,be made available. lt is unfortunately true that the volume of such orders today makes it im- practical to publish all. At least Members of Parliament will know what sub|ects are covered and will be able to ask questions about any in which they are interested.

I fi

Regret will be felt on all sides at the ari- nouncement of Dr. the Hon. W. J. P. MacMil- lan that he intends to retire from the Provin- cial Presidency of the Red Cross, after 35 years voluntary service, at tonights annual meeting. No man has done more for the Red Cross than he, and it would be o serious mistake for the Society to release h-im if it be possible to have him change his mind. Too few, all too few, work as industriously and whole-heartedly as he has done in the interest of public health and welfare.

n- it-

Sir Austen Chamberlain, British statesman, died

i

this date i937. He was of the type and political be-

liefs of Disraeli and his father, Mr. Joseph Cham- berlain, a democratic To-ry. He held many im- portant offices in both the Conservative and coalition governments, and was most noteworthy for the radicalism of his budgets. His budget of i920 initiated a _ _ tempt to begin the reduction of the national debt with the intention of saving enormously on interest payments; he increased the postal rates; raised the duties on alcohol from 40 to 60 per

n ordered and systematic at-

r

PUBLIC, FORUM

This column ll open to the discussion by correspondent: of question: of Inferen- The Guardian does not ocean's-- fly endorse the uplnlua iii correepoudcatl.

_r HOBBY DOLLARS "AND BUM-PS

Slr.-Prlnce Edward Island and New South Wales. Australia, had in common in their early days the device of making two colrts out of one by taking a. circular piece out. of the centre of a. Spanish dollar.» P.E.I. led the way. '

In November, 1792. Colonel Fan- ning. Lieutenant-Governor- or RE. 1., put. to his Legislature the need for following the example of some of the British West India islands “there Spanish dollars werestamp- ed ivith the letters "CLR." (Geor- glus Rex) and made legal tender. Later the P. E. I. authorities pun- ched the centre out. of the Span- ish dollar and made it pass cur- rent for a shilling while the"holey dollar" passed as five shillings.

On July f, 1813. Governor Mac- quorle of New South Wales issued u. proclamation stating that the centre piece 0r "dump" cut out of a Spanish dollar should pass cur- rent. at. one shilling and three- pence while the holey dollar was to pass or‘. five stillllrvgs. These holey dollars and dumps were geri- orally current tn N. S.W. till 182B after which they gradually dis- appeared from circulation. Like btie P.E.I. holey dollars and shilling pieces they are now very rare.

It is probable that. Macquai-lc, who had ‘served with the 71st Re- giment in New York during the Revolutionary Wax. took the idea from the similar device of taking the centre out. of a Spanish dollar adopted by Robertson‘, the British Commissary-General in New York in 1780. The idea may have come tr! RE. f. from- the some source. Fanning had served in the King's American Regiment during the Revolutionary War.

I rim. Sir. otc.. THOMAS DUNBABIN. 24 Sussex Street,

Ottawa.

FARMERS WEEK

Sir, _- Farmers Week, the most successful since its inception. has come and gone and in its wake have fled many antiquated cun- cepts. Hobiiallecl jackboots click- ing on cobbled sidewalks, home haircuts, and a general resemblance to Ll’1 Abner are no longer ap- pllcrtble to the tillers of the soil. As n class we have long since rc- cognlzcd our worth and are mak- ing rapid progress in imllressillfl bills value on the rest. of society. Peasants 0n \\'llOm the whole parasitic world looked down their noses, necessary. though some- what smelly. and bucolic adjuncts to the body social; these were the concepts entertained by the vast concourse dependent oll the agricul- turlsr. for their dolly broad-es by the former, himself. The latter has slaugherl his complexes. and rc- cogltlzod his basic worth, and the necessity of taking his lmportbnt. place in the world affairs. ' has prepared himself. He has gone to college and is sending his son. He llRS learned through illc revelat- ion of agricultural science. methods for greater production. with minimum effort. Soil conversion and erosion control. have been demonstrated for his advantage. Experimental and initial efforts have been subsidized by govern- ments. He is a student and a patron of the Arts and Sciences. He has contributed scientists. political and corporate economists, legal ex- pcYiS. prclntcs and teachers from llis liome acres. He has been elect- 0:1 by the people to high office, arid beckoned by the mighty to sit. with them in conference. His nwnrcnoss of all this has made hlm proud, - a. lord of the soll, potentially the adjudicator o‘! destiny. It is a new conception of status for him, and like flll‘ ‘Evolutionary processes will _ Luke time for adjustment. Humility, ._ on attribute of the truly great. - will follow _ln due season. In the meriiitlme he l; marshglllng his forces. Local efforts, puny in themselves. are being federated in provincial and state groups, and these in turn nationalized. Eventdul international federation is aimed at. The political potential in this idea ls tremendous. He can than through his organization dictate. He can prove his worth by doing so wisely and with beneflcence. other members of the social order, - the butcher, the baker. the candlestick maker, the merchant, the tailor. the block- smith. the sailor, will all receive equality with the former. - if he is u wise dictator.

cent, and established o corporation profit ton Thlsdyearb convention ,of firmer! _ |' ‘fed liab'li com ares at stiowe diminishing evidence of °l 25¢ P" $5 °n m“ I '7 W ' animosity towards other social

the some time giving relief to married |fl<0m= brother, Neville, was to sup with Hitler at g the precaution of resort-

Tax payers. His young" the one who attempted Munich without takm ing to the use of a long spoon-

new!

If rparliamenta some of the less

‘piesentative for that reason. a gain in safety if those

removed from the distractions of criticism, and

could become an ‘uninterrupted lllllClliMfY for

the turning out of legislation. Parliamentarygov- ornmant, especially when it is alive and vigor- ous and interesting to the public, places real and wise limitations upon the temptations of power. lt was Lord Acton who said that "power corrupts,

and absolute power corrupts absolutely." lii o

whatever‘ the drawbacks of frac-

vital parliament, power con hope forbe-

doin of discussion, r_io~ coma absolute. sotifliction that the tone of the present session of Poitionient ls putting every one on his mettle.

lb‘ W‘:

Whatever the smoke, the liestniettle will shine the brightest in the end. ‘ l

a

ry government represents favorable aspects of human

'. Th G tt,iti nortetlielessrc- Mum m‘ e a" a Iaor would there be

who governed were

Canadians have good cause for

groups which "ls indicative of e. STOWIItg foierunce ‘and compre- henslon of responsibility. The enmity. and acerblttee expressed in formers meetings of the earlier days. were "not wholly the farmer's fault» Press and pulpit, wth axes to grind. thundercclthe tntqultiee of a system of barter and trade, vrhlcti though now obsolete bu! many good features. The recipient! of benefits and credits (frequently unremuneruted) from thlg lyiifem, are uiuiiiiy iu mdet volublt detractors. Its greatest claim to censure lay tnthe feat that the lezrend inept. were extended credit. necessitating larger profile, to Wlltlllwula progressive more: had tocadtrtbuic. This era lml gs its benefftl. and its evils. In the some connection. critte- lS-m or tile pecking houses. has been limited to constructive sug- gestions. --,vrhero co-unetottve ef- fort. amazing bolster prof! so: we . livestock. ellai super-fitters; factors tn. transport- ation ammo’. ‘nits no e doomed improvement. from the overwork- éd Ind rather lllllbélilltf ‘velar- atlon of‘ "ewlhlllt llnmlnlllol."

' 131E ._Ql-lARDlA1§l-

\

uriAri1-o'itif.i~;;iuw1~i 1

r Ir l’! Flberioriou or - - ‘thkicocrullé l‘: - ,‘I 71w‘. ' - "\

. . ‘x

Tbéiruza.’ WW: some

v O ‘P0,?!-

“economlc independence" and the like worn out. and plagiarized slogans. Experience is teaching us that ti ls often better to pny a profit to experts to conduct our sales and Purchases. and to pro- cuss our products, than inciorubly to root up established rind ex- perienced orders, in order- that, we may conduct our own business 1n totul. however tries-portly. Fin-m- ers sons and affiliates. eventually "my SUPDlY. the needs of cam- merce. science, education and religion. This will involve o. change from the existing orden. The so culled whit-e Collar class will b9 an lllwflffll port of the agricultural Solup. and will participate in its 103s and sorrows and its fluctuat- lofts as do the tillers or the 5e11, Until such time let. us llve peace- ably and wiuubly with all men. . I am. Sir, etrx,

C. C. PRATT St. Peters.

—TllE C. C.F.‘s NOT 3A1)

5113-443’ object. apologies to The Guardian for my "protesting Loo much" in a recent. letter. Alpplfo (‘filly I nussod the issue countin- lng the letter on the Queens Coun- lY Jail. for I am Just. vain enough l" keep a sharp eye out. tor my conbrlbufions to the Forum. I will go along wit-ti you oii the thought that. other letters dealt. "equally effectively" with the Jzick Price nomination as mine. It seemed to me thal- hhb lBlters pro farouh- llllmllvrod the letters con. and I thought. mine should have been published to kind of balance things "D- I noticed that. nt least half a dozen letters were published coy. erlng J. F. W.'s simple mistake in identifying a name wlili the wrong person.

I-f I was somewihiit testy in the letter it. virus because I have been somewhat annoyed at Tile Guar. rllen for its support of Mr. Drew's candidacy for the office of Prime Minister. It seem-s to me that The Guardian ls busing its stand on traditional pnrty loyiilty rather titan on the issues and on tine facts. Mr. Drew's stand at the Dominion - Provincial Tax Confer:- ence was the chlot reason for the lack of success of the Conference. The failure cf the Conference pre- fvented the Government. from go- lug attend with its plans ‘for B. comprehensive Soclril Stcurltv pm. from for Canada. If The Guar- rlinn thinks P.E.l. wouldn‘t. ben- eflt from a Social Security Pro- tlrflm. I would advise n quick check of provisions for llldbtf) the aged, to i-lie blind, to dependent children (covered very inadequate. ly bv the Family Allowance Act). provisions for general nubile re-

lll the administration of the Un- t-“uployment Instirintce Act and of the appropriations for public health. This would tinve been n V"! Progressive step for the Do- mlnlon Government to take. but. it. was prevented by Mr. Drew and his cot-tort from Quebec. ' Mr. Drew's stand on the freight into: issue was certainly not (\f1- ¢"““ '1'" 1'1 lfnrlmriors. ‘lliszhpnrl on f-lro admission of Newfoundland into the Dominion would have tn- rlefliiltelv delayed such action, and would have caused those who worked so hard to achieve New- foundlandk entry into confederat- ion to duplicate their spedcwork when the tss-ue came urp again. I doubt if the action was unconsti- tutional, tn consideration of the brilliant legal talent at the tread of the Liberal party, yet Mr. mew would have barred the action. Or does The Guardian t.blnk it is not beneficial to Prince Edward island to have Newfoundland in the D’)- lnlnlon? I do-efrom a point of view of beoter trade rim-cements. more open markets. imd for reason-s of f,‘ I defense. I may be wrong on these points, but 1 don't think

so. .

I understand that Mr. Drew favors the st. ‘Lawrence Beau-iv development. ind tun indicated nu rapport of -t.tie'rii-otect.~'i'r'iie at. Lawrence aeswovbotds out vow

laments pushing fir-ore Jliiise met firms _on this side otMioJioi-iiiir who have vmost e 100% invest- ment tn the ubriiaoi- ore smut.

their blunts,

NevrWoi-tr. no new“ wlti rilln mo ‘linden MIN. m4 for a iii-sellout viii-mas will rieitrev me riosiillltlly- fr» eintniflniv nwsael tndiutry. 1n Nov: beetle; Any Mll-

3"

. \\'0l'S0.

lief. to say nothing of the mix-uni

ems from the scheme will accrue to Ontario and Quebec. It these Provinces "would share their good fortune we should go along with the idea, but they indicated b11945 that they have no such intention. lI might. also mention that. the Seaway will decrease railroad re- venue. thus calling for another lii- creastnin rates.) I would send o. representative to Oftawa who would urge o. "seawuy" across the Isthmus of Chlgtiecw. which l no less likely a project. than the a- way. and would be of tnestlmable value lo the Island, to soy noth- ing of the rest. of Canada. I might also urge that the Dominion Gov- ernment, if it wants to go in for powoo projects, gel; working on the "Quoddy" development on the St. Coix River. Electric power harn- essed from the St. Crolx would supply the entire Maritimes, and 1 think it is generally agreed that; the Marltimes can take it.