JANUARY 5, 19s3

THE GUARDIAN. CI-IARLOTTETIOWN

.jTHE ED LUCA TIONAL HORIZON

i'RESENTllN'G News AND VIEWS or iN'i'EREST T0 rascnnns Asp Au, 0-mg-R3 gmmpc IMPROVEMENT in EDUCATION

VDIYERTING NlAGARA'S'oMlGHTY WATERS

Today. more than 6.000 workers: thousands of pieces of machinery and large 'quantities of dynamite are at work at Niagara Falls. On- tario, on one of the most fascin- ating engineering enterprises that has ever been carried out. on the North American Continent. Here the Hydro-Electric Power Commis- sion of Ontario is busily engaged in the colossal task of 1iterally moving a mountain of earth and rock weighing 30 million tons to make way for a giant generating station. It will be named after Sir Adam Beck, founder of Ontario "Hydro".

Work euuunenced upon this "power colossus" in the spring of 1951 and according to revised plans will continue through to 1957. to bring the station to its full install- ccl capacity of 12 units totalling 1.200.000 horsepower. This new in- staliation will bring the total out- put at Queenston, Ontario, up to 1.725.000 horsepower. Canada will then have another one of the largest hydro-electric power plants .lll the world.

This gigantic s300.000.000 project is spread out in an eight-mile semi-circle about the city of Niag- ara Falls and is divided into four major work areas: an intake structure on the Upper Niagara River, about two miles above the Falls; two 5y mile long under- ground tunne , which will pass beneath the city of Niagara Falls at an average depth of about 280 feet; is 2V.-mile long surface canal. and a generating -station sfxjmiles below the falls on the Canadian side of the 300-foot high Lower Niagara River Gorge.

To operate this new station in- volves siphoning some 15 million gallons of water per minute from the Upper Niagara River and con- veying lit beneath the city of Ni- ngara Falls through the two huge twin parallel tunnels. Re-emerg- mg at, the surface on the other

KERC

King Henry IV of France pos- sessed twelve shirts, but only two handkerchiefs. Samuel Pepys in his "Diary" discloses that Charles 11 could also boast of just two.

The term "boast" is not used loosely, for in 14th, 15th and 18th century Europe the handkerchief was a badge of rank and class and as indispensable as jewels to the lady of fashion. The portraits of royal ladies of that day invariably show them holding handkerchlefs. larger than modern ones. but ex- quisitely ornamented with a deep border of the finest Gothic-point lace.

These extravagant Renaissance handkerchief: came into fashion first in "Italy, but soon "caught on" in France, with the arrival there of Henry II's Italian bride, Cath- erin de Medici. Many of these ,"mouchoirs" cost enormous sums of money, for they were made of the finest materials, ornately fringed. or edged with elaborate and costly needle-point or bobbin lace. Their use was reserved for ceremonial occasions-wed- dings, chrlstenings or court dan- ces. Ladies of the French and English courts toyed with these exquisite bits of silk and lace to attract attention to the beauty of their hands, and the "lung of the handkerchief", a. flirtatious code, was as effective in the light dallianoe of that day as the lang- uage of the fan at a la period.

Although the finest of men and delicate silks were used in these "show" handkerchiefs, it is doubt- ful if-they ever compared with to- day's hsnkies in gleaming ' white-

ness. a

Before the development of chem- ical bleacbes. cloth was sun- bleached or boiled in water, but tiie product was by no means white.

To discover the origin of our modern more practical handker- chief.'it is necessary to go back to a still earlier period-to the Romans. Their ”sudarium". in small cloth used for wiping per- spiration from the face. is prob- ably the direct ancestor of the modern sanitary pocket handker- chief. It was also held in front of the mouth-presumably to ward off infection-and not to prevent the spreading of infection to oth- ml. as is our purpose today.

In the theatre the Romans greet- ed persons of high rank by waving I handkerchief. and applauded actors in the same way. A similar cloth was used by the Emperor to signal the start of games in the arena, hence our term, "at the drop of the handkerchief".

While the hygienic role of the handkerchief was probably its most ancient one, that use was com-

WEED

A new selective herbicide. IPC, Ilmears to be particularly useful for tho.elimfnation of grasses and Irllsy weeds from brood-leaved crops such as peas. beans, and 'beets. This is in.contrsst to hot- mone-tyvpo herbicides, such as 2. 1-D. which destroy brood-lenved

FIVE POINIERS FOR GOOD T

1. Meet us many parents as you can. .:..,Meet parents of children who experiencing difficulty. 8. Make frequent use of the phone, Den. typewriter. 4. Always ienoer tfcisin with pulse. 5. Keep in mad that parents are your I! an in I great enterprise.

e profeuionkl workers chief desire is to render I service. : To improve men's -welfare is the end towards" which the professional worker devotes his c or. The teaching profession should exem- piifv this to the highest degree.

,No great stride was ever made

side of the city. these tunnels-.wL'l empty into the 2h-mile surface canal, which will then carry the water the remainder of the dist- ance to the-generating station. t

The location of the generating station far below the actual falls permits the use of 2115 feet of a total 315 foot fail to the river to be used for the production of electric power-all that is practic- ally possible. Approximately 50

tained at this location than if the generating station were to be built immediately below the falls, ,where a fall.of only 200 feet would be available. '

This new development is the largest single power project under- taken by Ontario I-Iydro in u bil- lion dollar expansion programme launched in 1945 to meet the pro- vince'sv constantly increasing need for electric power. However, the Commission is also anxious to proceed with the work of harness- ing the St. Lawrence River for power production to meet short- ages which may occur even when the present programme is com- pieted.

Ideas go booming through the world louder than cannon. Thoughts are mightier than arm- ies. Principles have achieved more victories than horsemen and char- iots. The professional worker re- specls the confidence of others. The welfare of those he serves of- ten requires that information con- cerning them remains confidential. He never violates this confidence.

The professional worker is loyal to his fellow-workers. He never gossips about them nor those whom he serves.

The professional worker adjusts his grievances through proper channels. He discusses them di- rectly and privately with those authorized to make adjustments. He refrains from complaining and grumbling to others. ,

HIEFS ,

pletely lost sight of in the filth and ignorance which marked the intervening Dark Ages, following the decline of Roman civilization. Handkerchiefs did not come into popular use again until after the Renaissance, and then only as ex- travagant accessories of rank and fashion.

Erasmus, the famous Dutch scholar (1465-1536), a man for in advance of his time in so many ways. actually considered blowing one's nose is social duty. so he possessed a surprising number of handkerchiefs and put them to practical use.

However, not until nearly the end of the 17th century did the handkerchief cease to be an ex- clusively luxury article and be- come increasingly an object of daily use. This was directly due to the growing habit of taking snuff. which like most fashionable vices started at the French court. Snuff-takers simply had to use handkerchiefs to keep the tobacco from staining their clothes. Hand- kerchiefs were in fact known in Germany as "snuding cloths".

By the 18th century the practice of snuff-taking had not only spread over all aristocratic Europe, but was taken up by the middle -classes a.s.well. With the hand- kerchi8l's adoption as an (article of daily use, a. special place to carry it became necessary. hence the name pocket-handkerchief.

The riseiin popularity of colour- ed handkerchiefs in this period can be laid to snuff-taking, since white ones stained more obviously so for practical purposes the ma- jority of men's handkerchiefs, in the 18th century were large cot- ton squares, many of them print- ed or dyed.

Most of the colour-printing of fabrics at this time was done by hand wit wooden blocks and later by men of engraved copper plates. since the limited size of the handkerchief offered the read- iest and cheapest means of trying out new printing methods and de-' signs, the handkerchief gave im- petus to new development in tex- tile printing. Dyes of c urse, at this period, came largly from vegetable and animal sources. From plants our ancestors obtain- ed modder, indigo and saffron- crimson, cochineai anti scarlet were derived from insects-royal blue from a type of Mediterranean snail. - '

The Governor-General of New Zealand is Lt.-Gen. Sir Wiilough- by Norrie. ,

The State of Virginia is the third largest tobacco producer in the world.

-v

KILLER

plants but do not effect grasses. IPC is usually applied by means of ground spraying equipment as I wettable powder or as an emul- - on. Like most herbicidal. its ef- octiveness is greater on germin- ating seeds and very young plants.

EACHER-PARENT RELATIONSHIP

towards world evolution which did not have to break through some kind of viciousycircle. The pessi- mist can always point out the apparent hopelessness of the sit- uation, but experience has taught us that Utopia cannot be obtained by wishful thinking.

"The sohool,should seek tohelp the, child develop ' those under- standings. attitudes. habits. and skilld that will enable him to be- come a well-integrated and social- ly responsible citisen who can think critically and independently about the problem of life".

his "Noam WEST Irssssoe

I. ythe very Bauer tunes the tried to find . Nona und North

mu ' ml wills. and

zu”e'.?'ii-as .5.

gerons. The westwsrdiournemthey thoiuht. would be by water and therefore any. and short. beoeuu

ht the world was email- It then f is.

east- Olli-

froai mi-on "II was long dinicult. and

e

He If-udson. one of. the neat- Oll'OlDOl'0l'l. was an liisliohnnn

per cent more power will be ob- t

about '

in the service of the Dutch. In 1610 he discovered Hudson Bay but perished at the hands of a mutin- cus crew. The)? set him adrift in that region in an open boat with in few provisions and a boy. He was never heard of'again.

sir John Franklin, another Eng- lishman, set out in 1845 with two ships. Erebus and Terror, and 128 men to search for this North West

THE THREE

1. What light does this story throw upon the laws of Englan

at this time? The laws of Eng- land at this time were mu h too severe. since a person co d be hanged for stealing a sheep.

2. What is the outstanding char- acteristic of the Shepherdess Fen- nell? of the Shepherd? Her mean- ness; his generosity and kindly nature. ' 3. Why was it to the advantage of the first stranger to act to- wards the second as if he were well known in the home? so that the second stranger would think that he was an invited guest. In this way, the sheriff would never suspect him of having recently es- caped from jail.

4. were the people accustomed to taking part in a man-hunt? No, they made ridiculous mistakes

5. Do you .think that the man in gray was particularly interested in the pursuit of the prisoner? No, he returned to the cottage for the rest of his meal.

6. What is the attitude of the reader towards the prisoner! To-

I

Passage. They never returned. but in 1859 Sir Leopold M iintock. financed by Lady Frankll ,search- ed for and found the remains of the expedition on King William's Land. .

In 1903 Amunsden, a Norwegian, set out to find the Passage and he was the first to sell from the Atlantic to the Pacific around North Amelca. -

STRANGERS

ally increased.

'1. Answers to the questions in "Study and Enjoyment".

(1) The detailed description of the woman makes it easy for the reader to picture the various scenes as they take place. (2) When the first stranger enters the house. (3) His copious drink of water, as if he had been running and had be- come overheated; his inde " about entering the house; his con- cern about any activity in the direction of the town. (4) The- author does not want the reader to like the second stranger. (5) By the singing of the song. They were suspicious and perplexed at first and then they became an- tagonistic towards him. (6) Yes (7) To arouse the sympathies of his readers since the man was cer- tainly no criminal. (8) So that the third stranger, knowing, of the second's identity would not dis- close who the first stranger was so that the sheriff will not think that he has ever been near the town where the prison was.

(9) In order to give his brother

wards the "man in gray"? Sym- pathy; Suspicion, which is gradu-

Bananas are thriving in Ecua- dor. Last year the South Ameri- can country's crop was the third largest in the world. (Costa Rica comes first and Honduras comes second). This year Ecuador may take over the top spot among banana-growing nations.

Ecuador is pleased with the ba- nana crop, for it can be sold to other nations. Ecuador also sells other nations balsa wood iused in airplanes). rubber, cocoa., and straw hats. With the money She receives for her products, Ecua- dor buys automobiles. machinery, and chemicals from foreign lands.

Ecua'dor has a population .of three million and is about aslarge as Colorado. Most of the people are farmers. Many live by weaving the straw hats which we call Panamas-after the country where

I , GOOD

There are three ways that a child can learn to speak correct English. (1) He must hear the correct form more often than the incorrect. L2) He must be aware that when he uses a certain ex- pression he is speaking correctly (3) He must want to use the cor- rect form. Pride in good speech

a better opportunity to ,escape (iii) In a: harmonious mood.

BANANA LAND (Ecuador)i

they were first found by traders. Ecuador has few factories.

Ecuador's forests are an import- ant natural resource, and the country also has some gold, cop- per, silver. lead. and oil fields. Most of the minerals are not yet being used.

Although Ecuador -is on the equator, it has all kinds of weath- er. High mountains keep part of the country cool. The coast is hot. but other regions enjoy a mild climate.

The professional worker does not advance himself at the expense of others. He strives for promotion and advancement in the profes- sion only on the basis of superior preparation and worthy profes- sional performance.

ENGLISH I

well.

Eartraining is very important and that's easy to arrange. One successful method is simply spoken drill on the correct form, in unis- on. A few minutes each day should be devoted to this. on the chalkboard or a poster. there should be ii. list of expres-

-is the most powerful force of all in motivating children 'to speak

I

loss!

I

L

sions chosen for drill for a par- ticular week. The teacher and the

, to govern Canada was

pupils say each phrase in e rhythmical chant-briskly. em- phatically: I did it. she did it, he did it. I have seen them, she has seen them, and so on. Each week I. new set of terms should appear, but you wiiL occa- sionally review those previously ifs The advantage of this method is: The pupils see the cor- rect form. They say the correct form. They hear the correct form That is, eyes. ear, and tongue combine to impress the correct Iorrn on the mind. It could be that this unison drill can make a deeper impression on the pupil than the words heard at home and on- the playground.

The teacher must be alert to hear the times when the pupils correct themselves and the teach-

i. Developed a new treatment for serious burns.

2. Built canals.

8. Crew graseesand turnips.

4. Thermos bottle.

5. Introduced seed drill horse-hoe.

0.dDiscoverer of

and circulation of

co .

'1. Livestock ,breedlng.

3. Penny postage.

9. Insulin. , '.

10. Successful quantity produc- tion of steel.

11. Built canals.'

12. A pioneer in railway devel- opment. . i3. Reclaimed waste land.

14. Discovered use of chloroform as anaesthetic.

v

1. The Great Intendent was ----. 2. The first European to sail upon the Great Lakes was ---. 3. The two famous Jes- uit -missionaries were and i--- 4. The first census over Canada was ordered by 5. The hero of the Long

taken in formed in the time of Champlain

'1. When Nova Scotia. was territory it was called --:.

ress built on to guard thest.

awrence River. 9. In 1063 the

fng of France set up a govern- ment in Canada consisting of - and --. 10. Canada became British as a result of the defeat of the under Gen. at the battle ofj in the year ---. 11. 1- quarrelled

over the sale of liq-

with uor.

12. The real founder of Canada was -j-, who is often referred to as -1-. 13'. The war that decided whether Canada should be British or French is known as--. 14. To conduct the war in Amer- ica. the English War Min- ister sent out Generals and . The Treaty of - closed Seven Years War -16. The fighting governor of -- 'who saved Canada from the Iro- quois was 17. The man who suggested" Act of Union was ----. 18. The heroine of Beav- er Dam was ---. 19. The French raider on the Hudson's Bay trading posts was ---.

20. The first province to obtain representative government was

-.: 21. The leader of the rebellion in Lower Canada in 1837

MATCH

French 8. ads is under the control of the was the famousFrenchfort-

er must be ready with it quick. quiet word of praise. Also, if you know they desire to be reminded of incorrect speech. often you can anticipate the incorrect word and supply the correct one in advance. This wanting to speak correctly is a great motivator. Spend your skill and energy motivating, help- ing, and praising the ones who some day will speak good English.

"Boys and girls-you are the ones who decide how you rise go- ing to talk. If you are proud to

Only you (I. G.)

by the words you use: can make that decision".

The highest mountain peak in Australia is Mount Kosciusko. It is in New South Wales and is '1,- 305 feet high.

16. Vaccination.

18. First steam engine.

1'1. Spinning mule.

18. Spread information about new methods of farming.

19. Hard surfaced road.

20. Developed good practical steam engine.

21. Built steamships.

22. Geologist.

William Harvey; James Dewar; Newcomer; T. G. Banting; E. C. Davidson; James Simpson; Edward Jenner; Young; Henry Bessemer; James Brindley; Croft; Full, Bake- weil; Roland Hill; Stephenson; Edward Jenner; Fulton; Cromp- ton; Watt; Townshend; Hugh Mi!- lar; MacAdam.

. HISTORY REVIEW - (Contributed)

was - . 22. The King's re- presentative in the Federal Gov-

ernment is -. 23. The mat province to obtain Responsible Government was 24. The

most outstanding 5Father of Con- federation" in Nova Sootia was 25. Canada's birthday is

Sault was who led an ex- . pedltion up the:-against the 28. The "National Policy" which --z. 6. The fur company meant a. tariff on Canadian Im-

ports to promote Canadian indus- try was intrcduoed by -. 21. The Educational System in Can-

Government. 28. Two re- sults of the Saskatchewan Rebel- lion were , and

Italy To Reject III. S. liackeieers

ROME. Jan. 3 -(AP)-- Italy is not going to let any more Ita- lian-born racketeers who have lost their United States citizenship be deported to her shores, a Foreign Office spokesman announced Thursday.

"We are not going to accept any Lucky Luciano again." the spokesman said. "He lived in Italy a short time and then spent most of his time in the U.S. now we have to pay for him."

The policy could effect such per- sons as Frank Costello, Joe Ado- nisi and Thomas (Three-Finger! Brown if the United States de- naturalizes them. Luciano never

years of a 30-year sentence

white-slavery charges.

use good English, you will show it.

.........; ....... lit Alexandra

The teacher and pupils of Alex- andrs held their Christmas con- cert in the school on Thursday night, December-118th.

Mr. Gay Judson was the chair- man and Mr. Mac!-Swen and Mrs. Judson presided at the organ. During the intermission candy was sold by the children:

The following is the program:--