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T H E G U A R D I A N

".ZEuEi;-.f.;.Tsec.sI.;i7ii;JTiHf1-Llfdiiiclg . Department. Ottawa. The Island Guardian Publishing Co.

Oglldl-tolfnriid-.:li1ii.:-gOlng DlrectbOrj.;I--A:-Burnett. Associate I-2-Jltor. Frnnk Walker.

Jial-tEXr.uh "Coven Prince Edward island like the dew"

"The strongest memory in weaker than the weakest ink”.

WcnAnLo'r'rrirowN:iioFliAv.Oaat-fill.” 19-54: - Important Building Projects

With the new Charlottetown High School and T. Eaton Company store build- ing contracts let, and the promise of work being started before midyear on the new Charlottetown Federal Building, the pros- pects for employment locally are exception- ally good for the coming season. In con- nection with the latter pl'0jcct, it is inter- esting to note that the new Minister of Public Works, lion. R. ll. Winters, has changed the policy of his Department, and is listing no works in his estimates which will not be undertaken during the year.

A great many of the itcms iu the Pub- lic Works Dcpartnicnt estimates in recent years have been marked ”revote", mean- ing that since the money was not spent in the period for which it was voted, Parlia- ment had to vote it again for the follow- ing year. This has been the case with the initial expenditure for our Charlottetown Federal Building, which has appeared an- nually like Banquo's ghost in the parlia- mentary estimates, without. matcrializing. Mr. Winters intends not to list any public works projects which are to be submit- ted to Parliament unless he is satisfied that the work can be done within the twelve month period. This year no project has been included in the 3151 million total for the coming year unless there is a fair pros- pect of doing it within the specified time. According to the Ottawa correspondent of the Financial Post. the Minister has person- ally examined each item with the idea of ensuring that it conforms to this new rule. If he has been successful, the result should he that the 3.131 represents the sum which will actually be spent.

Also of interest provincially as well as nationally is the fact that the Federal con- tribution toward constructing of the Trans- Canada Highway is put, at 3:20 millions for the coming year, against 9315 millions in the present fiscal year. Mr. Winters has written to all the participating provincial governments urging them to speed up con- struction this year. and reminding them that the Federal legislation covering the grants expires in December, 1956.

improvement In Scouting

Placing the number of Canadian Cubs, Scouts, Rovers and leaders at more than 157,000, Mr. R. C. Stevenson, vice-president of the Canadian General Council of the Boy Scouts Association, on his return from a coast-to-coast tour, forecasts a "record year of progress" for i954. Furthermore, he declares: ”From my observations, I am convinced that the quality of Scouting in Canada has improved, due largely to the training courses for leaders."

The record of the Boy Scout movement. says the Montreal Gazette, has been such as to indicate the wise selection and good training of leaders over a considerable per- iod of time. If improvement is being made in a situation already so impressive, it is highly to the credit of the movement and an excellent nugury for the future.

Doubtlcss the status of Canadian Scout- ing was a consideration in the choice of Canada as -the country in which to hold the World Jamboree in 1033. Pi-opal-atiom for receiving and entertaining l3,()0() visit- inif SC0UlS from 30 countries are now be- ing made. Such a visit cannot but have a beneficial impact upon the youth of this land outside the Scout movement, as well as within it.

Atom Powered suit

The proposed launching this week of the world's first submarine powered by a steam turbine utilizing atomic power marks a profound change in world naval strategy. The U. S. Nautilus, as it will be known, will have a remarkably high underwater speed, something in the vicinity of 30 knots, and will be built to sustain pressures far in excess of any that previously built submar- ines could withstand.

. its outstanding feature, however, will be its cruising range, limited practically only by the endurance of its crew. Nowhere on the seven seas will be immune to sulimarine attack in future, and attack by every imag- inable weapon, for it will be able to surface and launch directed and self-propelled pro- ioctileo as well as target-seeking torpedoes and mines of every description.

The destructive potential of such a craft k phenomenal, but there are, it may be

t also several drawbacks. First lg goat. The

Atomic submarine will be a prime target for enemy operations. Costing something like 055,000,000, it cannot profitably be risked in minor operations and, indeed. might be hard put to find targets more valuable than itself.

Another difficulty is that in spite of hav- ing a very high speed for an under-water craft, it. will inevitably be slow indeed compared with aircraft. Its air-borne en- emies will not be able as in conventional anti-submarine operations to cut its endur- ance by forcing it to remain submerged, but there will be every inducement to im- prove the technique of direct attack from the air.

The immediate result of the new de- velopment, therefore, will be to greatly in- crease the importance of maritime oper- ations bv the air forces of the world. Can- ada is particularly interested in the demon- stration of the possibilities of the develop- mcnt of underseas warfare because this country has much of the responsibility for anti-submarine work in the Atlantic.

EDITORIAL NOTES Road authorities are frequently exasper- ated at the complaints of motorists and others at the lack of salt on the highways. even after it has been gcncrously spread. Ontario proposes to meet the problem by coloring the salt used for the purpose. 0 O C Two excellent projects are in operation in Saint John. A civic study group has been organized to study expenditure and alternative forms of government. The oth- er is the Saint John Toastmas'.'ers' Club which is devoted to raising, the standard of after-dinner speaking. O

I O

Cost accounting is of importance t.o Communist economists as well as to busi- ness. In the one case inefficiency places goods out of reach of the consumer and in the other it simply puts a business into bankruptcy.

it is reported that Russia has develop- ed a perennial wheat, harvests from an ex- perimental sowing having been gathered each year now for four years. If other- wise desirable. such a strain would be use- ful indeed on land that is not readily culti- vated in the spring.

0 I

In Nova Scotia recently a seven-year- old boy was killed by a passing CRT when he coasted out of a driveway onto the street. Motorists must constantly keep in mind that they may be faced at any time by a similar situation and that brakes can do little on slippery streets. Parents can do much to see that such emergencies do not

arise.

Premier Duplcssis in proposing a Pro- vincial Income Tax for Quebec said that elementary justice requires that the Fed- eral Government agree to permit deduc- tion of Provincial tax from Federal Income Tax. Taxpayers will certainly concur but it is by no means sure that they will be supported by Ottawa.

0

. Dictatorships seem to follow a pre- determined pattcrn. Mussolini gained con- siderable respect for "making the trains run on time" and General Naguib did like- wise by cleaning up much of the corruption of Egyptian public life. Both, however, found that it was increasingly necessary to forcibly put down any organization that was a potential threat to their power.

Joseph Rudyard Kipling, English novel- ist and poet, died this date 1936. Born in Bombay, he was educated at Westward H03, North Devonshirc, and at the age of 17 be- came sub-editor in a Lahore paper. His "Departmental Ditties" were i published when he was 21 and were followed by ”Plain Tales from the Hills", "Soldiers Three", and numerous volumes of tales. He travelled widely and on arrival in England, found himself already famous. Many peo- ple consider Kipling's best work to be his "Jungle Book” and other animal stories.

A new link between Canada and Scot- land has come into being with the an- nouncement of the affiliation between the Federal Civil Defence College at As-nprior. Canada, and the civil defence school at Taymouth Castle in Perthshire, Scotland, states "News From Scotland". The Cana- dian civil defence school is situated in Me- Nab Township, a reminder of another link with Scotland. This township was found- ed by the famous laird of Macnab who emigrated to Canada in 1882 with some of his clansmen in order to escape his creditors. He obtained a grant of 81,tX)0 acres in the Ottawa Valley and set himself up as an autocratic Clan Chief. But lg soon got into trouble with the communit and the Canadian Government and had td return to Scotland in 1853. The Scottish Arnprior,,after which the Canadian town is named, is a small hamlet some miles

THE Gtihaptaur

Lest We Neglect

cuhnnorrgrowu I

p”B”C FORUM i Ancestor-Tracing In Britain

From the Magazine "Coming Event: in Britain."

This column is open to the dllcuuion by wueopondenu of queltinno of lnterelt. The Guardian does not neeeunh i lly endorse the opinion oi t wrreupondenta.

HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS

Sir,-I read with interest the annual report of the Department of Public Works published in the press a few days ago. I was pleased to see that so much road improve- ment had been soccrmpliched this past. sum-mar:-a second paved road from Borden to Summersicle, 9. long stretch of Trar.s-Canada Highway paved towards Wood ls- lands and a record mileage of our more important highways sub- groded and surfaced. Now, Sir, it. in well to know that some parts of our Province are reaping the benefits of these improvements in transportation, but I happen to; reside on the main highway froml Borden to our Capital City: the road that. carries more than twice as much, and heavier. traffic than nny other highway in our Prov- ince, and what did we get out of it? We have ll fine paved road from Borden to Bonshaw, then we have three miles passing through strathgartney and Churchill, that is a cloud of dust in summer. and the rest of the year would be im- passable, if it were not. for the L'.llllI'l'fll)lC disposition of the peo- ple who live along this forgotten piece of road, who turn out. at. all hours. with horses and tractors to help the bogged-down traveller on, his way.

We have a light pavement fromi Churchill to Cnrnuall, which hast stood up to the heavy traffic ford two years, but already shows signs of wear, and is liable to break up badly if we have one of our severe '.vint,ers, and this plecee of road is. suppc:-cti to be closed to loads uvct (1,000 lbs. for some months of the year.

Late last summer a contract was let. for tlirce miles of road on the proposed Trans-Canada section from North River to Charlotte- town. This contract. was nwnrded at a low price to a company that evidently did not have the equip- ment. to finish the job in reason- able time, though the section from North River Rink to the bank of the river, I piece of mud that cannot be used for two or three. years; was finished early in lhci season, while we had to detour 3' miles extra, getting into the my via Milton. Over twenty years have passed since paving was first commor.-oed on our island roads. and the road leading from our ferry terminal to our Capital City is still inipaseable and in worse condition, due to the heavier traf- fic slncc the Trans-Canada High- way was paved to Bans-haw. than it was fifty years no. .

Truly we are A long suffering people.

I am, sir, em, MOSSBACK.

hf ?oe&i'&mm

Till: SILENT voicna when the dumb How. clothed in black Brings the Dreams about my bad, call me not. an often back, silent Voices of the dead. Tawnrd the lowland way: behind

me, And the sunlight that in none! Call me rather, lilenl. voices, Piorwud to the sun track Glhnmerlng up the "beyond

me On, and nlvuun on!

-hard unnylon.

STA-R-TED -vol-mo

air Ed-ward lnndceer. great. Inc- ltsn painter. was sketching con 12.: horse: from life at the ole

west of Stirling, not far from Toymouth. ....;,,

Anocotor-tracing is I. fascinat- ing occupation for many visitors to Britain, and the task is render- ed comparatively easy for bearers, of surnames which are nssociwtedi with a particular part. of one coun- try. To take two obvious examples, if your name begins with "Tre" or "Mac", it is reasonably certain that your family originated int Cornwall or Scotland re-spec't.iveiy:,i and (there are many other instances of obese 'regional” names.

According to the Psalmist, some of the newly-landed gentry of an- cient Israel called their lands by their own name. In the case of an- cicnt. Emslis-ii county families, WlLl) one particular class excepted. their surnames are usually denived from the places one have inhnlbited for centuries. '

Thus Trafford. Hoghtnn, Fortn- hy, Medlicott, Okcover, Carminovr. Treacnr, Oholmondeley, Pusey. are all places which have given a name as well as a habitation to a well- known family, but not vice versa.

Consequently, an aprcoiation of geographical knowledge is an im- mense advantage in genealogical tescn-rch. There are over 20 places in England called Clifton and be- fore any Mr. Clifton claims kinship with the famous families

tfhe Clifton: of Clifton (Nottingharmilure) or the Cllfmns of Lytham (Lanenshire) he should. first ascertain the county irr-nil which his particular line originat- ed. Thus localized. his res:-arches will stand all the greater chance of success.

O O O

The excc-ptirm tn the rule tizut a family li-is (lcfivrd its abode, in- stead of bestowing it upon the lat- ter, is found in the many instancci. particularly in one West; Country of England. where a place has n uouble name. .

Thus, in Dsvons-hire and Somer- set, we have Combn Martin it-he original seat of him ancient. Martini family. dcsccndr-(l from Martin Ge Tours, a Norman bartont. Colo- ton Raleigh, Chcriton Fitzpaine, sa-m;:4.'o.. Pevcrell, Stocklelgh Pc-mcroy. Bcrry Pameroy (the I-lcmcroys were great Norman lords. who held many ninnors in Devon). Upton Pynr, Shepton Mallet, Nor- ton Fit.zwnrrnn, and Hutch Beau champ. '

In these instances, the name is that of min of the Norman or French invaders who came to this country from 1060 to 1154. The Malets. for example. worn an -an- cicnt. Norman family which had scoured Emzliah Tlnlfliilgs when Firi- ward the Confcssor was on the thronc.

. . .

Time has nnvsi mcllowoti the ori- ginnl.harshness by which the ncw lord strove to drive out. the old Enrglish name with his continuu- tal pntronywmic, and today place- names which fnrmcrly signified harsh tyranny now seem part. of the essence of England,

This perpetual reminder on our maps of the union of Englioh and Norman is not confined to western England. stoke Mnndevllle. in Em-kl. fr shire, recalls the grant- neoa and the ruin of I once might-I family. Stonztteod Mauntfichet and standvford Rivers, in, hoax. do the same. The value of understanding this to omit anyone whose our- name is thus linked with A place can be virtually certain that his first cantor in linglandcame from overseas. Ami that the original English home of hi! family is to be found in that particular dil- met.

0

In some parts of Britain the surname is of little help in load- ing the searcher to the geographi- cal source of his family. This is partlculany so in Wnlu. whore such common Infill to Jones, Phllipl. Morton. and lulu were acquired at I comparatively iota date by diotingullhod families stem- lh-'n( from Tudor 'I'f'lifOt. 001- wyn up nun, Aron up mu or loan other Ancestor who perhapl bore no fixed surname.

But in the nort.h'nf Scotland. the position in different. It in quite union to , out Scott-llh genealog- lool reuiroh without a slut un-

S9C'.llldi

bltat. Most. good books on clan tar-

tan: carry maps showing how the Highlands were divecled among the clans. The Macbeod territory is in Skye and Ramsay; -that of the Macdonaids tLords of the Isles) in Islay and Kintyre. One finds Cairpbells in Argyllshtre; Mncpher- oons and Macintoshes in Inverness- shire; and so on.

C I

Once we know the habitat of a clan it would be of little use, up to comparatively recent times, to look for any large uttlement. of members in another part of Scot.- laml. This would be true in the vest. majority of cases up to the period of the Jacobite rising of

(5.

A perennial problem in the High- lands from earlier times had been the pressure on subsistence as clans increased in numbers. Before the seventeenth century this pro- blem had been Iettled by inter- tribal warn (the last occurred dur- in; the reign of James II), and by descent; upon the Lowlands in search of booty.

The advent to the throne of Wil- liam III in 1189, and later of the Hanoverian kings, and oupression of the 1715 Rising. tended to bring these raids to an end; and the failure of the '45 completed the process. The Highlands could no longer support. their old popula- tion and many impoverished clans- men had to immigrate to Canada.

0 0 0

It is thus from I period of 200 years ago that the dispersion of dnnsmen is to be dated. Anyone, therefore, who can show five or six generations of (for example) MacLeod. Macdouaal or Macfai-lone ancestry. will know that the search for earlier generations must con- cern ltself with I particular part of Scotland. It is no use looking for Fnrquhnra in Sutherland or Mur- rays in Aberdeenshire 200 years ago; the era of movement from their original clan territories had not yet. set in.

It must, of course. be under- stood that. the descent of a com- pleic clan from its namefounder (c.g.. the original person": ran who first bore the name Mncpher- son) is as unlikely as that of all Jews from Father Abraham. Peo- ple came into I clan from various sources for protection. Only the MacGregors are reasonably sure of blood identity, at least in the last three centuries. For nearly 200 years (from l602t MacGregors were nameless men, outside the law.

who were genuine Macciregoro would have come forward to claim the ancient name.

There are several institutions and societies in Britain which will prove useful in the work of un- cestor-tracing. These include Som- erset. House. the Public Record Of- lice, and the Society of Genealogiou (London): the soon Ancestry Re- search council (Edinburgh): and the National Library of wales (Abe- ryawyth.)

T-AID! ATHLETES

HUU... England (OP) - This Yorkshire seaport I to- col committee to aid in mining

some 140,000 to and an English team to the Britilh nnplre (James at Vancouver next oumrner.

QUIET FEMALES

The male nightingale sing: at all home of the thy and night; the female bird does not olng.

oounlrrto VISUAL murnacrlozz AND ANALYSIS 6. F. I-IIITCHISON It SON

Optometrloh y 586:-mm Street

demanding of chat and their has .

B...:m.:..:.:..:.j..

when the ban was lifted only thosei

1; Notes By

"In Raleigh. North Carolina. I city of 06.000. libero hunt: been 3 traffic fatality in almost. 13 months-not one during all of I953. That is an achievement more to be proud of than great wealth in as community. or soaring industry, or, beautiful buildings.” - Ottawa Joumnl.

Did your eye catch that non item from Saeffield. Eng, about the lucky milkman? Although he had just. received news he had won about a quarter. of a million dol- lars on a. soccer sweepstake, he delivered his milk as usual. Then 1 he made aasecond trip to each of -his 240 customers and left a gift lot a chicken. There cannot. be much the matter with E man who I-shows such 3 desire to share his good fortune. -- From Fort. Wil- iliams Times-Journal. . There is a growing and wide- spread habiti of treating words laloppily and almost. with contempt. 9.1 if their choice did not matter. We talk of "freedom," which has- or should have-a noble signifi- cance. when we mean licence to do anything we like. ”Discipline" is written om as an out-moded barracks rouolne, when it should confirm the need of directing our lives toward the fullest. possible

JANUARY 18;- .1954

The Wax I.

lei! doe: not disdain I0 frivolou I companion. Tougher-looking am: his Iluven ancestor. of a (W ye." IEO. he no, longer shivers hideous- ly or sports a red waist-coat on winter mornings. with his hair trimmed only a little out or 1;, natural exuberance. if his owner is wearing an ustrakhan coat. th. pair of them look much of I much. nesa, rather like those pictures in the glossy magazines of trainer and daughter dressed alike.-From London Times.

The record capital comtmcum, program for 1964 is a major pu-t of the high Price Edmontoniana must pay for ultra-rapid grown, in city population. The sum re- quired, over 518,632,000. is huge for of population of 300,000; ",4 it will involve another big in. crease in debt which is already ex. tremely high. This will increase our total borrowings in seven years to more than 556,000,000 well over three times the amound borrowed in the 30 years p.recgd1g' 1948. strictly city debt. will be raised to about 562,000,000. Oin- total indebtedness by December Ill. 1954. will be almost equal to that of the whole province. -. E5. monton Journal.

"ichness through restraint. "Beau- V” is often taken to be an ob- cssion of the c-ffcte, tliough it was truly said that "beauty u part. of the finished language by which goodness speaks."-Hamil.

won Spectator.

It may be true that figures mm.- dull reading. But: when we fig- ures are capable of being invested

, iwith life they should be read with

imagination and understanding. A kzood case in point is provided by :the figures issued periodically by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. In themselves nothing more than In catalogue of digits under vul- ,0u5 head-8. they reveal when read 'wlt.h imagination, the lusty and growing life of this country. To read that the population of Can- ada has passed the fifteen mil- lion mark means little in terms of mere numbers But. to compare,

the 1953 population of much mil- l :3: ' ' of last - than ten and a half million, 0:" ,,

lion with the 1931 total

ywith the 1901 population of five land a half million-that at once gives a picture of L31-owing Can- ada which in half a century has almost trebled its population. Halifax Chroniclefierald

The pomlle has come into mg own. Not. an actress but tucks him under her arm. when the photo- grapher calls, not I. pet-shop but put: him in the window to squirm