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‘ This is true Liberty, whenjFree-borntMen having toadvise the Public, may speak free.”—Evxirwes.

CHARLOTTETOWN. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAVD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, [882

Sixcie Corres Two Cents.

VOL 10.---NQ. 38.

: Vi ’ ‘

4 I \

’ 2 Re 7% 1)

: 7s. Y wy fT t i i : LAM] r Ar SING i \ i iN Tomi NY, i oO} W EF i a | Is] : »N 4 lL 25 i) i 7) Uv 4 ‘ l i ste rates { \ La for monthly, \ r We ly rtis

LE EE OE Te OT eR

*

int boils 1 ; t iDlaL U

fn +alro offo wn oth; ist Tian 98) 10 baAd ti Cb ON i268 i8b Uee., 133 ‘

TRAINS OUTWARD.

| = ‘ + Ch'town ..j/Dp S.loam Jp 6.00pm Dp 2.50pm R aba | «6 Q fe és % SD 66 eas 0 e6 bkOYaitV JC . ao. ae sae v4 uit a’ ~ Soe side 4 Munter R’r; “ 9.45 ‘-} °° 4 Bradalba’e | ‘*10.23 “* |} ** 5.05 ** Coty tana.) **1G38 ** .** BIS Free town ‘

i Keusingt’n! ° }

Summ’ side’ , a yh,

Wellingt’n Port Hill. .|#* 3.22 * U’ Leary.. * £44 Bloomfield ‘6.08 .*

Alberton. , 545 °°

Tignish... Ar 6 45 ‘

Royalty Je Dp 2 Bei ces “* 3.1 Bedford. . . "2 a! Ar 4.05 Mt. Stew t Cardigan .. “ 62) Feorget'n °

Mt. Stew’t Dip 4. tipm

: ' sll Morel! * Gio ** I

St. Peter's, Bear Kiver Souris j

_ TRAINS INWARD.

MIXED, MIXED

| i | 20pm! Arll I5am| Arll.45am

Dp10.52 ** | Dpt1.22 **

Sh’town ..: Ar 5 Royalty Je Dp 5.07

N Wiltsh’e}| ** 4.15 ‘ 10.00 ae Hunter K r| ae 366°!

24“) 909 «| Uo ty Lime.} ** 3.14 ** | ** 859 ** |

i Freetown. i :

Keusiugt oa

‘ > Bradaiba’e ** 3.2 ’ 2.59 | 4 $44 * | ) ' )

EPR SES AN Ri Mies gg ee are a) ery Wert

ARINE! = LIFE

HORACE HASZARD. Gcucral Insurance Agent,

—— REPRESENTING—

¥

udminercial Union Fire Assurance Company, of London, Eng,, CAPITAL, £2,500,000 STG.

Hire Assurance Company, of Toronto, Oat, CAPITAL, $800,000.00.

Hrigish America Fire Assurance Company, of Toronto, Out. CAPITAL, $500,000.00.

tual bile & Accident Insirance Company, of Montreal, CAPITAL, $500,000.00. :0: MARINE ENSURAACE ALSO EFFECTED. ——-:0: -—-—- Risks taken on all descriptions of Property at LOWEST RATES

—:0:-—— --

Gtiice—Corner of Queen and Lower Water Streets.

Charlottetown, April 4, 188!—tf

: emcee — — Se ee ae ore dele

WH ARE REMBVING

10 Gite OLD STAND, AND WILL OPEN ON

FRIDAY, THE 16th INST.

| SHEWING THE Largest Stock Ever Imported by us. W. E. DAWSON & CO.

Charlottetown, Dee. 14, 1881.

¢ - : ee —_—

WE

INVITE ALL!

WHO MAY

Favor us wilh a Call,

TO AN INSPECTION OF OUR STOCK OF

* 235 +i «+ 690°) Summ ’side , wee ns Arli.d0am } Wellingt’n Dpt0.38 * | Port Hill. . | * 9.53 * UO Leary...) ** 8.31 Bloomfield | ** 8.08 * Alberton ..j ‘* 7.25 ‘*| i Tiguish .. : “eae Royalty Jc ; ~ |Dptl. 22am York. a } bai! Gee Bedford. ..| 10.45 Mt, Stew't | ee Arl0.00 ** Cardigan .. Dp 8.40 ** Georget’n . | (ioe 7 Mt. Stew’ Ar 10 00am Morell....; Dp 9.20 *“ St. Peter's! | ** 8.50 *“ Bear River! “ £00 “ Souris... 7 .ae.

i. BB. ARCHIB ‘LD, Snupcrintendent Railway Office etown, Noy. 29, 1581

' 5 . Chariott

[éi, wkly]

a ee ee Prince kdward Island Railway esas FURTHER NOTICE a Passenger

J Train for Gee etown, to connect with

GROCERIES FOR FALL & WINTER,

WHICH EIS NOW COMPLETE, and which we offer at Bargains to Cash Buyers.

Everything warranted as represented or no sale.

ace~“ Stan or THE Crown,” South Side Market.

ROBERTSON & CAMERON.

Remember the p!

Dec, 13, 1881—1!m eod

So a i an

|

steamer “ No 1 Light’’ will leave Char- lottetown at 4.50 p, m, daily, sundays ex- | cepted A Passenver Train will also leave George. | town { | town daily, Sanday’s ex-| cepted, on arrival of the ** Northern Light,’ | L B. ARCHIBALD, Supt. Railway Offices, Cl’town, Lec 15, 1881—tf

LOBSIER FACTORY FOR SALE.

re °HE undersigned offers for sale the LOBS- TER FACTORY and PLAN‘, TRAPS, 30ATS. &c, AT DESAF LE, lately the property of Juseph Boats and Donald K. Currie, of that place. This Factory was erected last spring and is in good condition. If not disposed of before the Ist March aext, i¢ will then be sold at Public Auction, Farther particulars may be had on applica- tion to the undersigned, FRED W. HYNDMAN, Trustees of the Estate of Joseph Boats and D. K, Currie. Ch’town, Oct, 8, 8] —~oaw tf

For Sale or to Let. by LT Freehold Property, with a front ot

eighty feet on Pownal Street and eighty four feet on Sydney Street, the House con- taining 16 large rooms and two Kitchens, Can be turned into one Dweiling dy uniock ing a door, Apply on th premises to

Mks. BUSWALL, Macch 12, 188} —~tf

PAGIFIG BAILWAY COMPANY.

) RAILWAY COMPANY offer

| LN — GANADIAN ; re CANADIAN PACIFIC.

Lands in the FERTHLE BELT of Manitoba and the North- \west Territory for sale at

$2.50 PER ACRE.

'Payment to be made one-sixth at time ef purchase, and the balanee in five anpual instalments, with interest at six per cent,

A REBATE OF $125 PER ACRE

other improvements

allowed, on certain conditions, for cultivation and

THE LAND GRANT BONDS

of the Company, which can be procured at all the Agencies of the Bank of Montreal, end other Banking Institutions throughout the country, will be

RECEIVED AY TEN PER CENT, PREIUM

on their par value, with interest accrued, on account of and in payment of the purchase money, thus further reducing the price of the land tothe purchaser,

Special arrangements made with Emigration and Land Companies.

For full particulars, apply to the Company's Land Commissioner, JOHN McTAVISH, Winnipeg ; or to the undersigned. By order of the Board,

CHARLES BUINKWATER, Secretary

s Montreal, December 1st,188). 28% fde 17 3m daw

eing

'the French were driven from them, they

'The Famous Marshes of Cumber-

; | land and Westmoreiand.

| Ajtranger, going into Cumberland and ‘Wesmoreland Counties, is struck with vastmishment at the vast magnitude of the ‘noe marshes, dotted with barns and 'stac&ka that have given these counties such \a widecelebrity as the great hay and butter 'producng districts of Nova Scetia and | Now Brunswick respectively. Leaving the pretty village of Sackville, on the northern borderof this great prairie-like district. and} journging by the I. C. R. R. towards Maccm, on the southern boundary. he would see on his left the great marshes stretching away for eight or ten miles, and plan a into three divisions by the rich

uplan< districts of Point de Bute. about a, mile md a half wide, separating Tan'ramar and Au Lac marshes,—and Fort Lawrence, a genie elevation about three fourths of a mile tide, separating Au Lac and Cumber- land marshes. These two upland points run } within a mile of Cumberland Basin. The Pantramar marsie:, > miles wide, Au Lac one and a haif, and Comber ‘land three. Oh his right he wou'd see {the marsh extending from one to two miles, ‘bounded by the turbid waters of Cumber- land Basin, trom which it is protected by dykes from eight to ten feet in height, extending for miles and miles. He woull cross four rivers, the Sackville, navigable at high water for vessels of considerable size, and spanned by a noble iron R. R bridge, the Au Lac, near Point de Bute, the Missiquash, between Point de Bute and Fort Lawrence, forming part of the boundary line between N.S. and N B, with good anchorage at its mouth, and the La, Planche, a small river near Amherst. There are smaller marshes agaiu away to the South of Amherst, called Nappan, Minudie and Maccan, with rivers of the same name. All these rivers named, besides the Hebert and Petitcodiac, must be dyked on both sides for some distance, until they become small enough to allow the building of abideaux, which keep hack the tide, but allow the fresh water to flow out atehb tide. These dykes with those on the Bay, and those of the Elysian fields of Minudie (three thousand acres of the best marsh in America)give us a system of dykes, extending altogether upwards of |

thirty miles in length, all of which are ab- | solutely necessary to keep back the tide cf, Cumberland Basin, which has an average rise and fall of sixty feet, and sometimes rises as high as seventy feet. In this land- locked Basin the merchant ficet of Britain might find a good anchorage. At low! water there is nothing to be seen but miles of mud flats, with a muddy stream three or four hundred yards wide flowing through their midst, but the tide rapidly creeps up and hides the unsightly flats from view. Acroas the Bay, in the distance, can be seen the low ranges of the Shepody Moun tains in New Brunswick, and the Cobequid | in Nova Scotia. But in whatever direction | the travelier may turn his eyes, he will he-| hold more or less marsh, waving with the long ripening grass, or dotted with in- | numerable shapely stacks, and well filled, barns.

From Sackville to Amherst is about nine anda half nriles, and the Intercolonial | railroad runs this distance through nothing but marsh, which extends from eight to ten miles to the east of the track, broken only by the Narrows, Points de Bute, and Fort Lawrence, like Capes projecting into thesea, These, with the smaller bodies of marsh in Nappan, Mac can, and the Elysian Fields, form the great hay-producing district of the Maritime Provinces, which must be seen to gain a comprehensive idea of its vastness. Point de Bute and Fort Lawrence, being in the very midst of the marshes - with rich lands, and good railway and water facilities —and | Amherst and Sackville bordering on them, are, as would be naturally supposed, the banner farming districts of the two Pro vinces, These epots are rich in historical remembrances, being the scenes of the early struggles between French and Eng- lish for the possession of the Isthmus, and Fort Cumberland, in a good state of pre- servation, may still be seen for along dis tance, with itsramparts and barracks and magazine plainly outlined against the sky, and rusty cannons still lie around the deserte gronnds, their iron throats, that once beleched forth destruction, now silent as death. We shall go no further into the interesting history associated with these places, than merely to say that, before

were happy and contented. They dyked a great deal of the marsh, from which they cut the hay, and fed large quantitigs of steck. Parts of it they ploughed and sowed with oats. They cleared the upland, and had it in @ good state of eulti- vation, when they were driven—God knows where—and much of their property destroyed. The remains of their work may still be plainly seen in many places.

These marshes are all intersceted with numerous ditches, to keep them thoroughly drained. Atlong distances are cut large ditches, or canals, six feet wide and four deep, emptying into the rivers, while smaller ditches, one foot wide and one and a half deep, are cut from thirty to sixty yards apart, emptying into the canals, so that there isa uniform and complete sys tem of drainage. The dykes, for keeping back the tide, were built generations ago They are ten feet high in many places, ten and twelve feet wide at the base, narrowing to four at the top, and when they have stood for some time, and become coated with a heavy, thick, grassy sod, are capable of resisting a great pressur: of the sea, which reaches them only at spring tides. They are built similarly to the dykes of Holland. Thess dykes stand for many years with little o no repair, unless broken by a@ violent atorm, such as the Saxby gale, which ces- troyed them to a great extent, and the tide rushing through, carried barns and stacks in many cases four or five mils, and left the marshes covered with sal water for more than a week. When the

‘quality of the erop.

thereby affected are assessed by the officers appointed for that purpose, and either pay in cash or work. On the whole, a very amall tax on each keeps them in a good state of repair. The rivers, as before men- tioned, are provided with abideanx sume miles from their mouths, where they are narrow, and bridging becomes compara- tively easy. The marshes are very level, the Bay Verte Canal surveys proving that ina distance of seven miles from Cumber- land Busin, there was a difference of twenty- cone inches only in the level. This is the reason so much drainage is required, as the suiface having such a slight descent the flow of water is slow, and many more ditches are needed, and in fact most of them in a wet season are ccmstantiy

full of stangnant water. The marshes ere generally laid off in ten acre lots, and numbered. While some are)

contented with one lot, others own from | two to twenty, or even more, and, during | the last few years, roost of the owners have | built barns on their iots, which necessitates much Jess stacking. The marshes are in tersected in varions directions with good carriage roads. Very little fencing is needed or used, beard ditches taking its place, Only asmail part of the hay is hauled home until winter, and then the roads are alive with hundreds of teams carrying it to all parts of the couatry, aton being gener- aly taken at a load.

A few words concerning the quantity and Near the Bay three, t ns of broad'eaf to the acre is no unusual! yield. It is nearly as tall as a man, with; thick stalks, but it is, if 1 may 80 express it, all hay, being juicy, rich and salt, and cattle leave very little of it in their stails. It puts stock in good heart, fattens them quickly with the aid of a small quantity of turnips or potatoes, and makes young cattle

hardy. Cows thrive extremely well on if, and are turned out in the “spring

as sleek as can be. Horses do not take it- at all, and cons quently nene of it is fed them. But all! parts of the marshes can be brought into | timothy, cutting on an average two tons to} the acre, by simply plowing it, and taking! off it a crop of oats,—and it grows rat- ting oats, and seeding it down,

Marsh which has been killed by pasturing, |

may be bronght in again the dame way, and |

‘will then grow good bay for an unlimited |

time. There is a great advantage in broad | leaf in a wet season. It may be eut and left out in any amount of rain, and not hurt! for a long time, provided it is put together

towns springing up on the borders of this wealth, with manafactories and railroads in profusion, we feel that she bas pot mia- applic d this great gift; that. while on other lands she has bestowed the grand and sublime, denying to Neva Scoria and New Brunswick great mountains snd magnifi- cent rivers and mighty lokes. she has show- ered on them greater blessings and a nebler heritage, and that the industrious and ia- telligent yeomanry of Cumbetland and Westmorland before them a future they need not fear, a fuiure they can proud-

ly face. S. M. B. Indian River, P. E. ¥., Nov. 25. 1881L

TELEGRAPHIC MEWS,

CANADA. Orrawa, Jan. 3. News of a horrible murder on the Gatinéau reached the city this evening. Coroner Graliam, of Hull, has been notified by Mr. Boursal, Justice of the Peace, that a German, whose name has bot yet trans- piael, had a dispute with one Hans’ Pre- gide in the township of Bowman, and it'ls ssid shot him in the breast with a shot gun. Fregide’s wife was present, and carried the wounded man home, where he died half an hour later. The man claims that he acted in self-defence, Orrawa, Jan. 5

1 have

Pie Island, on Lake Superior, promises to vie with some of the ** Bonsai zas” of California. A private letter to a gentle- man in this city, states that at a depth of 125 feet in the main shafta vein of solid ere has been struck. General Smith, of New York, on behalf of a number of capita- lists interested has beer, Gespaich:d to the Island to make an investigatiuh of the eXtent of the vein,

UNITED STATES. New York, Jan. 5. Arrangements were completed to-day. for a billiard match, Aprit 27th, in this city, between Schaefer, and Sexton for $2,500. Grovcesrer. Mass., Jan. 5. The schr. ‘* Cora -Lee” to-day bronght the surviving»crew of the scar ‘* Almon Bird,” of Rockland. su). k in Sunday nighfs storm off Cape Aun. The crew of eight men took to a boat and one died yesterday. The body was thrown overboard. Subse-

}in a dry condition.

Mowing machines and quently two more died, but the bodies were horse rakes are used in gathering the crop, |rescned together with the five survivors,

‘theugh it is only a few years since it was; They had terrible experience, being with-

all cut with the scythe, and raked by hand, ' out proper clothing or water, and but little atoilsome task. As we get away from the food until. this. morning. All are badly

‘ate into blue joint and wire grass, cutting

Buy, the grass loses its saline qualities, be- comes lighter, and finally, seven or eight miles from the miles from the tide, degener-

trom a ton toaten and a half per acre, | and, though far inferior in quality to broad leaf, still it makes*good hay. But broad- leaf is killing it out and toking its plece, and in afew years hence there will prob ably be enly timothy and broadleaf on the whole vast extent of marsh. The soil is similar to that of P. E. Island marshes, ten or twelve inches of rich, inexhaustible | black loam, with an underlaying stratum of red clay in some places, while in others the clay is ata great depth. Hay entting) —broadleaf—does not begin uati about the 20th of September, and continues till well

frozen. New Yorr, Jan. 5. The papers here commend Congressman Crapo’s bill for lighting Hell Gate with Electric Lights. Havana, Jan. 5. Two pereons are now in prison in connet- tion with the Madrid Lottery Frand. One is the seller of the ticket and the ether a telegraph operator. Boyes and Co. have

‘stopped payment of Paris credit. of $200,-

000 and recovered $150,000 here. Furr, Micn., Jan. 2. Samuel Buckley died to day, aged 109; was a nitive of England ; wis pressed into the British navy when a boy; s-rved seven historic

on in October. Blue joint and wire grass /J*2"S, parvicipating in many : are cut in July and August, about the same jengagements, and came to this country in

time.

The rivers before mentioned take their rise in chains of lakes in the forests bound- ing the marsh most distant from the Basin. There are scores of these lakes, many of them on the marsh itself, some of thei quite large, others not half the size of a mill pond. They are all frequented by numerous flocks of geese, ducks, teel, &.. and many of them with their outlets ar the resort of fine trout, perch-and eels, so that, at certain seasons of the year, they present an enticing field te the sportaman. The tracts under pasturage also abound with plover. Berries of many kinds grow in abundance on the marsh and adjacent upland

‘bere are many curious spots in these marshes, especially m what is called the ‘* head of the marsh,” er part most distant from the tide, where there are some almost bottomless bogs. In some places I have thrust a pole, twelve feet leng, straight down, and met with no firm suil, and cannot tell how deep such places are. There is one place in the Ton iramar or Sackville Marsh, catled the ‘* Sunken Island,” where the surface has been thus pierced to the depth of thirty feet, with like result. In many places a man can hardly walk across these shaky cranberry bogs. But when these places are ditched and drained, it only requires a few years for them to become good hay- producing marsh.

{ am of the opinion that at one time nearly all this great body of valuable land was just such a morass, and that at a still earlier period it was the bed of part of Cumberland Basin, but that some great ce nvulsion of Nature, or the steady sweep of the tide, with the gradual wash or wast: from the uplands, gave it the more solid form under whieh itis now seen. There are tony mind many clear reasons ior such an opinion, and the most learned geclogists who have examined it carefull) incline to the same opinion, but space tor- bids that Ishould now attempt te adduc avy proof. Whatever may have been ifs former condition, one thing is certain that Nature could have done no better for th: farmers of Cumberland and Westmoreland than to beatow upon them such @ vast, never failing, inexhaustible source of! w alth. She could have done no better fo them than to lay at their very doors the means of making these two counties renowned as best stock and butter prodnc- ing districts in the Maritiwe Provinces, er. I way justly say, in the Dominicn, anc when we look arouud and see the nobie

farws, with their neat and comfortable

dykes are broken the owners of the warsh

iaillieeelioeeientimeaminsieninmeeaniaentaaliin conidia

surroyudings; When we see cnterpriaing

EUROPEAN, Lonpon, Jan. 5. The French Government has repudiated the conduct of its suborcinates in annexing the island of Raiatea in the South Pacific, which has caused much comment in Eng- land and Australia. ‘7. Permrspvre, Jan. 5. Natives on the Kuldja frontier have re- taliated Chinese crueltiea. They have mas- sacred the inhabitants of two Chinese set- tlements and defeated a detachment of 350 Chinese troups Sr. Pererseurs. Jan. 4. Government has decided te establish a telegraph line between Irkutsk and Ja- koutsk, Siberia. Paris, Jan 5. Cardinal Archbishop of Rouen, who recently returned from Rome, has publish- ed a letter describing the position of the Pope. He urges Ltalians te chonse another capital and kave Rome to the Pi pe, in order to avert the necessity of his departure from that city. Lonpox, Jan. 5. Mr. Forster, Chief Secretary for Ireland, left Dublin té atrend co-morrow’s Cabinet Council. He proceeded to Kingston under Police escirt.

Orwell Notes.

The young folks of Orwell gathered at Mr. Chas. MacDonald's, Monday night (2nd inst.) to celebrate their annual ball It was, as usual, a success, and with the aid of that veteran vielinist, Samnel Ross, Esq., and Mr. Duncan, the dancing was continued until 6 30 a, m.

Our worthy fellow citizen, Mr. Alexander \icPherson, had a narrow escape some few evenings since, while out driving. The reins breaking, the horse took frgut and bolted. Mr. MePhersou did « very plneky ‘hing, in jumping from the sleigh upon the horse’s back, getting hold of the reins and bringing the horse to a stand.

Orwell, Jan. Srd, 1882.

—_—-o- -

Leading French journals deny that the treaty negotiations beiween Fiance and England have failen thronzh, and Biate that the Eouyglish Commissioners have merely decided to lay the new proposals before their Government before replying to them. On the otherchand, the Fugliah newspapers appear to rmgard negouauens aa at an ond, :

tes