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FRIDAY, JAN., 17, 19?:

New Liberal Leader

As was generally anticipated, Hon. Lester B. Pearson, former

PAGE 4

Secretary of State for External Af- ,

fairs and last year’s winner of the

Nobel Peace Prize, has been chosen '

to lead Canada’s Liberal Party, in its next attempt to regain power. He had as chief competitor Hon. Paul Martin, former Minister of Health, who was much more active in his personal campaign than was

Mr. Pearson. But the custom has_

been to rotate the Liberal party leadership between French Catholic Canadians and_ English--speaking Protestants, and this pattern work-

ed from the start to Mr. Martin’s,

disadvantage. There was no ques- tion as to the ability of either of the leading contestants; but while Mr. Pearson’s experience has been almost exclusively in the field of diplomacy, Mr. Martin qualifies as an all-round expert. in the art of politics and it is a moot question jwhether he would not, at this stage in Liberal party fortunes, have -proven the more judicious choice,

The first and foremost duty of

-the new leader will be to reorganize

his party for the next election, which may come as soon as March or April and in any case will not be determined by Liberal expediency. As a gesture of politeness, the Con- servative Prime Minister recessed Parliament Wednesday and ‘Thurs- day so that the Liberal members could devote their full attention to their party problems. But this is likely to be the last amenity to be exchanged before the shooting be- gins. Of the 265 seats in the House. of Commons, the Conservatives hold

. 133, the Liberals 106, the Socialists.

twenty-five and the ~. Social Credit party, nineteen with two indepen.

, dents. While the combined Oppos-

ition could defeat the Government andforce an.election at any time a suitable issue arose, this is not sliké-I Iy to happen until the new Liberal leader gets firmly in the saddle. The question is whether he will have time to do so before he is called to take the ‘field.

The new Liberal platform is

plainly tailored to catch as many T

votes as possible. This is not surpris- ing, apd indeed the same criticism was levelled against the Conserva- tives in their bid for power last year. The difference is that the ‘-policies now espoused by the Liberals. could Just as well have been implemented during their twenty-two years of office, and their failure to do so is too fresh in the public mind to be_ forgotten. Posing now as ardent re. formers of conditions for which they are themselves largely responsible will be a difficult role to maintain. That is another reason why, i we imagine, they will be playing for time before making any bid for an electoral showdown. . '

At all events, it is cheering to note the likelihood of the two party system retaining its strength in this country for a long time to come. This system, as opposed to the multiplicity of factions which have plagued other democratic countries, offers the best hope of good goi-gem- ment. That is why this week's Liber- al convention was a matter of na- tion-wide interest, and why the vigour and liveliness which charac- terized its proceedings is so assuring. V .

Trouble In The Caribbean

' The West Indies Federation, new- Iy created State in the Caribbean, is already in dispute with the Unit- ed States.'It concerns the American naval base at Chaguaramas near ' Port of Spain, Trinidad, where the Federation proposes to establish its capital. This base was one of several conveyed by the British Government to the United States during the war years in return for fifty old destroy- ers. ' ‘

The West Indians have suggest- ed that the United States cede the base as it stands, equipment and all, as a site for the capital. The Un- ited States Government, under- standably enough, feels that this is

re-

an unreasonable request in View o_f the base’s importance not only to the United States but to the whole defence system of the hemisphere. It argues, too, that since the lease still has 83 years to run, the Federa- tion cannot legally demand the re- turn of the property at this time. At the same time, of course, the Ameri- cans do not want to give the impres- sion of trying to hold on to territory against the wishes of its owners, since that savours too much of “colonialism”. , The big naval base at Argentia, Newfoundland, was includedin the “bases for destroyers” deal. The fear there is not that the Americans will retain possession but that they might decide drastically to reduce expenditures and so add "to. the un- employment problems of the re- gion. Indeed, some retrenchment has been made already, much to the an- noyance of the Newfoundland Gov- ernment. One would imagine that the West Indians would take a sim- ilar view; for there is no doubt that the base is an important aid to the economic development of the Feder- ation. It gives a great deal of em- ployment; and it is a stimulus to business in many fiel.ds——not as much as it did during the war years, of course, but considerable just the same. it After the first flush of pride in their new independence has passed -off, it is probable that the West Indians will replace “nationalistic” emotions with a more reasonable

approach, based on their own econ-- I = omic needs and, above all, a desire

to share in the common defence of the region. I

New APEC President

‘ Congratulations are due to ‘Dr. Frank .MacKinnon, Principal of Prince of Wales College, whose, elec- tion as president of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council, in suc- cession to Mr. R. J. Rankin, announced last night. We had oc- casion yesterday to refer to Dr. Mac- Kinnon’s appointment as one of four Canadian laymen to attend an im-

portant NATO conference in Paris

next week. His election to the APEC presidency is another indication of the high reputation he enjoys, and of the leadership he has shown in many fields bearing upon APEC activities.

This vigorous....oew,.»;organization has opened up Vistas of economic and industrial expansion for these Provinces which were heretofore un- dreamed of. There is no question but

" that it will fill an increasingly im-

portant role in the future, Mr. Ran- ‘kin’ has labored indefatigably ,to promote its interests as president, and we feel that Dr. MacKinnon will make at very. able successor indeed. There is satisfaction too-in noting the added importance which Prince Edward Island assumes in providing

the new leader of this energetic or-V ‘ ganization. '

EDITORIAL NOTES

The Kentville Expermental . Farm has demonstrated that tobacco leaf of good quality can be produced in Nova Scotia. If in Nova Scotia, why not ‘in Prince Edward Island? In the Ontario tobacco belt in an’ average year cash returns up to

$1000 an acre are common.

1’ t i The death of Dr. W. R. Gra-

ham in Toronto at the age; of 82 removes‘ from Canadian agricul- ture one of its foremost specialists. in 1908 Dr._Graham founded the Poultry Science Association which later grew into the World Poul- try Science Association. He was for more than 40 years a professor at

the Ontario Agricultural College.

’ i ‘R I i ,A man in Michigan gave his ten

year old son a ten-ton steam engine for a Christmas present. This is one instance where complaints of par-

ental monopoly of children’s toys

would be unjustified. No ten year old boy could handle a steam engine

alone. His father will simply have i

to come to his aid. 1 * t

According to the “Wheat Re- view”, world supplies of wheat in the four major exporting countries —The United States, Canada, Ar- gentina and Australia—in Ndvem- ber last were 10 per cent less than a year earlier. They totalled 2,-

'107 million bushels as against 2,-

342 million bushels the year before. The United States was at the top of the list with 1,114 million bus- hels; and Canada came second with 864 million bushels. The percentage decline in Canadian shipments, however, was less than that of the other three countries.

was _

we II.7@! wake GIVING enrrs 365 DAYS A YEAR]

é/2?}

OTTAWA REPORT ,

Conscienltious

To The-End

By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent for The Guardian

Ottawa: The Liberals are un- der new leadership as they face parliament today. This can be ex- pected -to, give them a needed reinvigoration, and nobody will

. regret this ending of the lame-

duck era of the past seven months when they have drifted without a charted c o u r s e and stumbled without any leadership.

There cannot be a single M.P. of any party who has never felt. a twinge of sadness at the daily spectacle of our former Prime Mi- nister resigned to defeat, and with no hope of a come-back. The Rt.

. Hon. Louis St. Laurent has been

a patehtic and lonely man here since the new Parliament was opened by the Queen in mid Oc- tober. e see him each day,

slumped in his chair in the Cham- ber, present for longer hours each week than any other M.P., 100 per cent attentive, and nearly 100 per cent inactive.

And we see.him regularly at lunch and dinner in the Parlia- mentary restuarant, sitting at a table for two, either with his younger son, Jean-Paul, the M.P. for Temiscouata, or with his long- time‘ secretary, Pierre Asselin. There he sits glumly, in that back- bowed slump eloquent of personal defeat, his expressionless face near the plate, his elbows neatly

pinched againsthis sides, his‘

mouth opening to eat but seldom to talk, his company evidently unsought by the associates of his former cabinet and the back-

bench supporters of his formed‘ *1

I Uneciirthing Biblical Proofs.

National Geographic Society

F r spectacular progress in the world today, Palestinian ar- cheology is one of the few scienc- es that can challenge the record of nuclear physics.

E_ach yea r, as archeologists spade up more and more relics from tombs, temp1_es,.and bur- ied cities of the Near East, the picture of life in Biblical times

, becomes clearer.

Dr. G. Ernest Wright, a noted scholar of Chicago’s McCormack

. Theological Seminary, tells in the

current [National Geographic Ma- gazine how deduction from arti- facts and fragments of history helps corroborate some of the‘Bi- ble’s most stirring narratives. “In our time archeologists have rediscovered the Near East,” he writes. “Their trowels have un- earthed the ruins of ancient civil- izations whose names ring thril- lingly in the ear — Assyria, Baby- lonia, -and Ur of the Chaldees.

Such Biblical sites as Jericho, ‘

.Hazor, Tirzah, Shechem, and Gi- beon are giving up their secrets.” LED LARGEST EXPEDITION

Dr. Wright last summer direct- ed the Drew University -McCor- mick excavations at the remains of the old Canaanite city, She- chem, north of Jerusalem. This was the largest American exped- ition to the Holy Land in 30 years. Its findings, it is hoped, will establish a firm chronology in,the history of a settlement as- sociated with Abraham, Jacob, and Jesus.

But it was. at Bethel, under the direction of the famous scholar, William F. Albright of Johns Hopkins University, that Dr. Wright got his first insight into the birth throes of our religious heritage. ,

Information uncovered at Be- thel during the 1930's offered a prime clue to a puzzling phase of Israelite history — the con- quests of Joshua.

According to the Bible, Josh- ua’s next victory after Jericho was at Ai, a city near Bethel in the hills beyond Jerusalem.

Ai‘s remains, however, placed it in the Early Bronze Age (a- bout 3250-2400 B.C.). It would have beesn abandoned when the Israelite invasion occurred, as

‘most scholars agree, during the

13th century B.C.’Bethel, on the other hand, revealed some provo- cative facts.

“Stripping away layer after layer of ruins,” said Dr. Wright, “we encountered evidence of a raging, all -consuming fire. . . ‘Someone in the 13th century B. C. had purposefully burned and demolished the city.”

BETHEL REPLACED A1

The excavations showed. more- over, that Bethel was founded about the time AI~was destroy- ed. It seemed obvious, conclud- ed Dr, Wright. that Bethel was the city that Joshua actually did conquer

“It was only natural," he said,

“that in the oral tradition that underlies the Bible. the scene of‘ the conquest gradually shifted. . . It. is also significant that in He- grew the word AI means ‘the, ruin.’ ”

Another Biblical question was answered after Bedouin grave- diggers uncovered a curious stone statue in Eastern Syria. The find led to French excavations at the spot and the discovery of a major key to the Old Testament mys- tery: Who were the patriarchs, the forefathers of the Israelites, and whence did they come?

-Under the _sands of centuries, workers found the ancient’ city of Mari, seat of anempire that had flourished from around 3000 B.C. until its conquet by a Baby Ionian king about 1700 B.C. In the ruins of a 300room palace were more than 20,000 cuneiform in scribed tablets.

Preserved on these and related tablets were the names of long vanished n o r t h Mesopotamian towns — Nakhur, Til Turakhi, Sarugi, Phaliga. They were strik ingly similar to the names of A braham’s kinsmen in the Book of Genesis — Nahor, Terah, Serug, and Pelege. Also prominently mentioned, Dr. Wright points out, was the city of Haran which Gen esis treats as the traditional home of the patriarchs. RECONSTRUCT EVENTS

From s u c h direct evidence, plus historical accounts, scatter ed antifacts, and scenes and rec ords on Egyptian tombs and mon uments, an authentic picture em erges of the life of the founding fathers as they moved south from Haran into Palestine, and even tually (about 1700 B.C.) into E- gypt.

‘Some four centuries later, the descendants of Jacob shook off the yoke of the Egyptian phar- oahs and fled into Sinai under Moses. .

From then on, modern archeo- logists have been able to recon- struct much of the story of the Exodus, the entry into the Prom- ised Land, Joshua's conquests;

" and the rule of the Hebrew king

Saul,‘ David, and Solomon.

One noted archeologist, Nelson Glueck, brought to light an enter- prise under Solomon that is not ever mentioned in the Bible.

In the barren valley running from the Dead Sea_, to the Gulf of ‘Aqaba, Glueck found a string of copper mining camps that be dated between the 10th and 6th centuries B.C. He fixed its most flourishing period during and im- mediately after the time of Solo- mon.

He learned about the use of the mines’ output a little later, when he discovered the site of the Biblical port of Ezion-geber, near the head of the Gulf of A- qaba. '

Excavators found huge metal refineries of the same period as the copper mines. So elaborate were the structures and appar- ent operation that Dr. Glueck call- ed the site the Pittsburgh of Palestine.

GUN SHARKS FROM AIR .. DURBAN, South Africa

from a helicopter Wednesday as

they made for groups of swim- I

more near here.

,-never achieved either aim. In-

government who used to crave the honour of his company. ..TOO LATE AND T00 LONG

“Of course, we made him stay on too long,” one Liberal M.P. commented to me. “We used him to try to win another election, but it was too late." ‘

Mr.. St. Laurent had to battle against two severe handicaps in his political life. These were age and his family. He passed his six- tieth birthday before he entered Parliament; he was sixty-six when he became Prime Minister. Now he is on the eve of his sev- enty-sixth birthday.

His age finally broke him down when he undertook a strenuous- round-the- world flight in 1955. He came back to Ottawa an exhaus- ted and much-aged»man, and he‘ never recovered even his septua- genarian energy. oWorse, he nev- er recovered his control over his Cabinet, some members of which —- notably C. D. Howe -- evident- ly ran thenceforth on a much lo- osened rein. And when these. barn-Stormers finally over-rode Mr. St. Laurent to precipitate the public shame of theiclosure of the Pipeline debate, he showed a very real horror at the affront to Parliament, which hs respect- ed as a constitutional institution‘ although he never learned ‘to love it as a democratic privilege.

His family played a divisive part, always trying to shelter him from the inevitable public life of which he was the central figure; always urging him to retire to the less exhaustingand tranquil privacy of his Quebec home. They

stead, they handicapped him se- verely in his public role, and spread doubt as to his -political durability. ’ ,

The public have not seen Mr. St. Laurent dejected in defeat. They will happily remember him as they saw him most frequently; the courteous old gentleman who progressed across Canada at elec- tion times, delivering his folksy speeches _and showing a fatherly intrest in children.

His finale as a Canadian lead- er deserves to be played on the s t a g e designed_ for ‘our elder statesmen. It would be an appro- priate gesture, andof benefit to -the institution‘, if Prime Minister Diefenbaker were to honour our ‘two living ex—Prime Ministers, Conservative Arthur Meighen and Liberal Louis St. Laurent, by ap- pointing them both to the Senate.

PUBLIC FORUM

, . This column is open to the disco} nion by correspondents of question of Interest. The Guaidian does not neces- sarily endorse the opinion of correa pondents

ROAD CONDITIONS

Sir,-—Politicians endeavor from time to time to try and lead far- mers to believe they are work- ing in the interest of Agriculture. How much of this is true? On the north side of P.E.I. from Ken- sington to Burlington, Long Riv- er, French River, Park Corner, Irishtown, Seaview, Baltic and Spring Valley, saying nothing of a fine section of country on the main road to Bryenton’s Cor- ner, more live stock is raised and fed for market than any other section of its size on P.E.I.

For the past few years the far- mers in the above mentioned sec- tions have at times found it im- possible to market hogs when ready, due to the condition of this highway. Of course, they are pro- mised better roads, especially be- fore election, but afterwards some district where the people like to attend hockey or some other sport, must receive their attention.

How long is this going to con- tinue? Some of the representa- tives of these districts have held or now hold important positions ‘in the local House. Let us re- mind them that we have been fooled long enough. The road we have referred to has been im- passible for the greater part of

‘ can. -

What To Do

In Emergency

By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D. POISONS cause more than 6,000 deaths in the United States each year. One of the biggest reasons, as for as children are concerned, is a very common and very useful drug found in almost every home--aspirin.

In a recent year, the last one for which I have statistics, sal- icylates caused 89 American deaths. Of this number 72 of the victims were less than five years old. Thirty-one of these fatalities were traced to overdoses of as- pirin.

Thirty - one deaths represent an alarming figure, especially when you realize that aspirin probably is available in your home right now. .

The first thing to do when your youngster swallows an overdose of aspirin—the candy-coated var- iety is the most enticing to youn- gsters—iis to call your doctor. Then, give the child two table- spoons of powdered burnt toast, one spoonful of milk of magnes- la and four spoons of strong tea. EASIEST METHOD

The next step is to induce vo-

simply to‘ place your child over your lap in “spanking position" and place the blunt end of a spoon, or your finger, at the back of his throat.

Or give him two tablespoons of salt in warm water, or soap and warm water, or a table- spoon of mustard. , After he has vomited, give him a tablespoon of sodium bi- carb in -a quart of warm water. Make him drink as much as he

Then give him more strong tea or coffee.

Of course, if your doctor ad- vises against such antidotes and orders you to bring the laid to his office or ‘the hospital at once, follow his advice. EMERGENCIES ONLY