ASZARWS

V~/;-/ - -\/g’;“

s EARMERS’ JQMRMAL. AME GQMMEBGIAL Albvdhflldfih. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Saturday, December 2, 1854.‘ ~ '

New Series. No. Illa.

_ Easuaa-d’s Gurstte. _ auction 1'. IIASZ trio. _I’-oi-ri-tor Ind |’-N--.5°*- Published ever 'l‘u..-sdeysevsning and Saturday morning. ' IIlII'Q - . °i-'.2:.°..".“.'1't'l..°.3"s°.!r'.'.e¥'lp«ro-I.is-. tngdveeee.

n . Discount for cash

I-uuiss or eovuu-fisiuo.

' ‘ . ‘ th e f 4 lines ...,'.'.‘.’.f'.:';‘..!:.'r‘,§l.'°_'ir"r'.'.'.’.:’.°£’."." $.19 lin.e|:‘8‘:.:—-lilines: 3., g(,..|QIieee,de--8 lines, dc. — rrirs,_ ‘I.- go"-.’ 5., u.—“liuu,Ce.-Ind Id. for e_ach additional liug._ 0n_e fourth of the rrbove .l:ot"cuc_llfoIIt.ItIIIllI¢

Os --rlllre continued until forbid.

Collegiate School. Windsor-,,N. B. it I 0 P E N I D.

rlililil Principal of this Institution is prepared

to receive Pupils either as Boarders or Day Scholars, on terms recently established by the‘ Governors of King's College, Wlndwfr I0 l°l' lovre:

Boarders, at £35 per annum.

Day Scholars, at £8 per annum.

Payments in both cases, to be made quarterly» and in advance. Parenisintending to send their sons at any time during the coming winter. I"! requested to make early spplic.I||0n- 1' ""l“’_' particulars may be known by reference, at Hali- fex, to the Reverend J suits C. Cociiitirrt, Secretary to the Board ofGoverrrors of King‘s College. 0|‘

at Windsor, to D. W. PlCKF.'I“I‘, Principal.

N. B.—'I‘wo annual exhibitions of£l0 and £5 have been fnutided by the Aliiinni ‘of King’s College, and will be open for competition at tho Encania, A. 1). I855.

BARLEY lg

ANTED a quantity of clean four-rowed Barley, for which the highest price in CASH

will be paid. GEO. BEER. Jun. Oetohorlth, I854.

LOOK HERE. ANY rsorie wanting COOKING STOVFS, FRANKLIN STOVLS. or FARIIEWS BOIL- EI{S,just call at Dodd's Auction Room, Queen's Square, and they will get suited rit their own prices.

Hides! Hides ii Hides i ii

F0 e or. lb. in CAI}! w e 'ven for any quantity of GREEN HIDI-IS, delivered at thelhaeery of the Subscriber. W. B. DAWSON. Oct. 21. (All the papers.) MONEY TO LEND OJV‘ FREEHOLD ESTATE. _ T. Ill-lA'l‘ll llA\_'Il.AND.

arrrster at Low, Queen Square, Charlottetown. November, llth, i854.

Auctioneer and Commission Merchant. , _ , VI‘!-ll‘. Subscriber begsie announce to his friends and the public, that he offers hie services in the

. I _ “cum.” Mun" WILLIAM B. TUPLIN.

Mergate, Lot 19, Oct. 25. mo

WILLIAM M. HOWE,

ATTORNEY AND BARRISTER. Oflce in Grafton Street, in the building formerly occupied by the Hon. Edward Palmer. All Island papers lm

BRASS FOUNDRY. AND MACHINE: SHOP. or W. a. noes.

OW open in Great George Street, on the old N Stand. Old Copper and Brass bought. An Appretnice wanted.

stay is. 1854.

The National 1...‘... rund'i.iro_ ,___

Assurance Society of London.

CAPITAL .£I00.000 Sterling. Empowered by Act of Parliament, id Victoria. A Saving Bank for

the Widow end the Orphan. '1. HEATH HAVILAND, ‘r. Agent for Prince Edward Is and. E Olflee, Queen Square, Charlottetown. September I, I8”. III

THE PSALMIST, UUP RECEIVED. at Green: '1‘. Hasaaun's Iooltltore, in various bindings. The above is the Edisleu efWutte'e llyutns used is the Ileptiet Chapel Cherltttetown. ._~»—--—»--—— ———--:———----~ ~——-~- —-~—~——q——-?-‘ Timothy and Flax Seed. HE h' heat rice will be paid for 'l‘lr\IO'I'HY E and i‘l.ax gill.-ll), during the present your, at eocge 'I‘~ Husuard’s Book Store.

roit the cunt: of Livriii

tions,'l‘y phi-rid and lnlemtuato‘ r Fevers, Sick llesdaclie.Cos- tivoloes. Palns in the lIeu'd, llrenst, Side, Beck and Lirrrh, Palpltation of thg lleart, Female Complaints, and llllleeuees urlslng " from an impure state of the

'rir'srs leeuiusble Pillehevebeeu need with It)- ..':~......,-- "2: [0 W

they will prove tirus'uim

_ passes the power st t‘ leting the depen- tiveu’.ue the the bedmtreheelthy eetieu, thuuuflillug nature to subvert after her own Pr Ml] by 0- Teuoa, Is. It

O Am . “fiscal AW“

4-I . .

by I. W. Iuissss. set‘l‘.1De_sssr-

WANTED TO CHARTER. EVIIRAL SCHOONERS to carry COAI.._frotn Pictou or Sydney to Halifax, for which liberal Freights willbogiven. Appl to . G. W. EB lS,Cherlcttetowuer S. CUNARD 6; Co.. Halifax. August 4th, 1854. -

Charlottetown Mutual Insurance Com

Incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1848.

' ‘HIS COMPANY ofl'ers the best guarantee in case of loss, and accepts Risks at a saving of fully 50 per cent, to the assured. '1 be present roliuhle Ca itnl exceds £1100. Per sons having property in harlottetnwn, or vicinity, should lose no time tuapplying to the Secretary of thts‘Cuntpany for Policies or Information.

One of Philips‘ Fire Annihiletors has been purchased by the Courpnny. for the benefit of persons insured in this Ollice. is case of Fire, the use cfit can be obtained immcdiutely, by applying at the

Secrotery‘s0llice. W HEARD P _d . , rest out HENRY PAl.r\ll~2li. ' Sec'y and Treasurer. Secretary's Otlice, Kent Street, § August 5th, I868.

ALIJANOE LIIE AND FIRE IJVSURAJVCB COM- PJIJVY, LOJVDON. us-reni.isi-tun av ear or reuzteasunr. Capitol £5,000,000 Slsrliri . CHARLES Y0 NG, Agent for P. E. Island.

Equitable Fire Insurance Compa- ny o ond n

Incorporated by Act qfParlt'ornsrtt.

OARD OF‘ DIRECTORS for P. E. I'slund.— I-lon. T. H. Hnoilund. Hon. Charles Hens-

ley, Francis Losnocrth, Esq., Robert Hutchinson,

sq., Itosros Dawson, .

Detached Risks taken at low Premiums. No charge for Policies Forms of Application, and any other information, may be obtained from the Sub- scriber, at the Ollice of G. W.Deblois Flt]. Charlotte-

town. H. J. CUNDALL. April 7th, 1854. Agent for P. E. I.

Dixon's Pulling Dye and unrissmc ESTABLI , er. rs1'it)~’s ear. THESE MILLS in full operation, and

finish the Cloth in a superior manner. cimens ot' the work can be seen of the following

I N 1- s: Charlottetown.-Gr.o. 'I‘. Haez.uiD's Bonlt Store. Georgetown.-Hon. Jtrsurtt WIGHTMAN.

Mount Stcwart.—Mr. Ksunnc Corrirt. Pinette Mills.—l\lr. Ai.itx. DIXON. Vernon River.—Mr.J.tMus HAYDEN, Alexander‘! son. [I3-" Two Prizes were awarded to pieces of cloth full dressed at the above Establishment. l\lr. Jacob Lippincott, ofthe firm of Lippinoott & Co., Nova Scotia, is the Superintendent of the

above Establishment. J_0HN DIXON.

Notice to Travellers.

IT has become an established fact that accidents will happen notwithstanding the care and atten- tioii which may be paid to the safe! and convenience of travellers. Explosions will is s place, bridges will be left open. and ours run olfthe track as usual. It is well enough for the public and legislators to caution companies to “beware.” a_nd " take heed. " yet these casualties will occur, which re- suit in severe contusions, broken limbs, bares, bruises, &c. The Mexican Mustang Lintment, Upon such occasions, is invaluable! The won- derful elfects of its soothing and healing ' lieve induced many, who have tried it, to always carry a bottle of it with them when they are travel-

requent tests have proven it to be efficacious in curin Rheumatism, Piles, Scrcfulous diseases, Can- cers, lceru, Old Sores, Neuralgia, Toothache. Eer- ache. ho. Also Spsvin. Ring-bone, Scratches, Cracked Heels, Chefcs, Grills. &c., on Horses and other animals. It is external in its spplicrition. and we ouaneis-rue it to sure Psaasaisuis-rr.riu every case for which we recommend it.

Many Physicians use it because they can depend upon it—so can their patients.

0 Farmers and Livery-stable Kcrpcrs. Say the win. have it, rind will not be eatisfled without it, after giving it a fair triel. Therefore we say to travellers upon highways and by-ways use the Jlusteug Lieiiuent ! It has becorneso t ugh- I introduced throughout the United States, British

oesessions,end West lndien,thet it is elrnost im- possible to step off the cars at an Station without boholding the gay banner of the " ustengs. "

The prices are its folloos:—-lb coats. I0 ee_nte,end $I r bottle; the 50 seat being three_tttnee a large as the 26 cent sine. and the Cl siue nearly three times as lar its the 50 cent rise, so that the lat bottles are e eapesi. '

TAYIAJR, jue. I Co., 25 Hanover street.

error A ate. Agent for P. l-‘..1:lend, M. W. Suiisrruu, and sold by dealers generally. Cm i CHAMPAGNE.

VFHIRTY cases of prime cuatrrequz. ‘ just received as “ Peeping Tour." from Liver- pool.

For sale by Jane 1, rest. if

CHARLES STEWART.

‘ii 3

r rtoriae starts. '!'All.0lt, (us at Upper ' Qesss-flrsst.) het‘to inform hlrsu-wees I rriossnsssessutiur ttovto trbuertsssrrs; ttrstls;sslst‘s|y.sep up lei. Vayiugt in run 1- is , r. , _ it . ' ml‘ .‘ xi: ,- i

RUSSIA All) :1!!! OZAB3

' Russian society—that is to say, aristo- cratic society on the surface resembles the society of other European countries, but on the whole it differs from it. It has two centres--St. Petereburg and Moscow. In St. Petershurg it is the court, or rather Nicholas himself, who fashions society ac- cording to his desires It bears entirely the ollicial stamp; preponderance is given to the ofiicers, and to the high oflicinls ofthe state. Dance, feasts, music, and ballet occupy the attention; politics and science are ex- cluded from fashionable life. Times have changed since the epoch of Catherine, who liked to be praised by Voltaire and the French Encyclopaedists as a protectress of literature; they difl'er also from the epoch of Alexander, who delighted in the mystical dreams and sentimental. philanthropy of Madame Krudener. Both sovereigns al- lowed to science some liberty; and Dershu- viu the poet. and Kiirnmsin the historian, could, with the full approbation of the court, publish such com sitions as now might be visited by banishment to the Cau- casus. It is true, towards the end oftheir reign, both Catherine and Alexander be- came more cautious, and drew the fetters of censorship tighter; yet their reign, as compared with that ofNicholcs, was a reign ofliberty. In the eyes of the present czar, science and literature are too dangerous tools for despotism—n two-edged sword, which he does not like to wield, though he often becomes furious that the attacks on Russia cannot be met b the ofliciiil Rus- sian authors in a readnb e shape. Jealous of his power, he hates and fears any ofhis subjects whose name becomes known with- out the previous permission of his govern- ment. The fame of his generals throws an udditional splendour on the czar, who has selected them for the command of his ar- mies. He can unniake' them, by putting them into some obscurc_ corner of his em- pire. But on author may become popular without the emperor's leave; and though he sends him to Siberia, as he did with Bestushelf, or to the Caucasus, as happen- ed to Lermontotf, their tboghts cannot be banished, their exile does but enhance the excitement of the public, and the desire to read their productions. The czar, with all his unlimited power, cannot create talents, nor can he destroy their results. ' Still, Nicholas attempts to put doivn the spirit of independent Russian authors, by withhold- in from literature the imperial approbation; it is not fashionable in St. Petersburg to be- come an author. Nicholas is surrounded by mediocrity; byvgeneruls whose greatest ambition is to be severe disciplinrfrians; by pliant German functionaries from the Bal- tic provinces; by servile conservative Rus- sians, enemies of all progress; liimselfcold; obstinate, distrustful, without compassion, without elevation of soul, as mediocre as the persons around him.

In the time of Alexander, during the war with France, when so many Germans and French entered the Russian service, from hatred of Napoleon, and in the hope of finding in Russia the lever for raising European liberty and independence from French oppression, the army was -sur- surrounded by a halo of universal respect, as the refuge of European liberty. The oflicere were the soul of Russian aristo- cratic society; they represented not only the gallantry, but likewise all that was liberal in the empire. But from the time of the accession of Nicholas to the throne, and ofthe military conspiracy of I696. the army has been purged of all the elements of independence. The czar gives a marked preference to the oflicers over the civilians; but he has introduced a coarse tone into the army—-drilling seemed to be its only aim. Under Alexander, the troops were machines; but the ofliccrs felt themselves patriots, and were proud to be the most enlightened and progressive rt of‘society. Now, they have become life cue machines, servile ministers of the czar, withotit any sentiment of their own dignity. During a rei n of twenty-sevcn years, the jealousy of icholas has, in St. Petereburg, killed every feeling of independence: his govern- ment oflicie s are his clerks, his oflicers of the army his drill-sergeants.

Moscow. presents in every respect a dill‘. erent picture. Functionurism could not get ascendcncy in the society of the old

can of the empire. he dress-coat re- veils here over the regimerituls; still the clvilian government-ofiicer is only exec tionally admitted to society. I Moscow is the seat of the old aristocracy of the empire,

-and society here consists principally of

independent rich landowners, who do not covet government oflices, but occupy them- selves with the administration of their es- tates, und with science and literature, with- outb. requiring anything from the czar, save

. to left e. . It is entirely the reverse of the nehilit of St Peterebu , ‘which is attached tot court and to pu Jest-vise,

-e-cans V ‘ 'I‘&er&, wfiheeaeethll teleseedwhh daehietweer

devoured by servile smbition,'expecting all from government onl , and living upon it. Not to demand unyt ing, to remain inde- pendent, and avoid public"oflice, is in des- potic countries a sign of opposition; and the our is angry with those idlers who spend their ivinter in Moscow, and remain for the remainder of the car on their estates, read- ing all that is pub ished in Western Europe. To possess a library, belongs now to the necessities of the Russian country gentle- man ; end to have a secret cabinet filled with prohibited books, is the pitch of fash-

ion. Thus St. Petcreburg and Moscow are the two opposite poles of Russian society, re- presenting the‘,Court and the Opposition; yet in such a despotic country on Russia, the personal tastes and inclination of the monarch have so great an influence, that even the life of Moscow is in a rent degree controlled by his supreme wil . The rich Moscovite prince may dare to despise go- vernment oflices, alter he has in his youth served for a few years in the army or in the bureaux, one or other ofwhich is neces- snry to maintain his nobility; he may live far from the court, retired upon his estates, enjoying in secret the forbidden books he gets by the smuggler; yet he cannot but be sometimes reminded, that he lives under the sway of the despotic czar, who does not forget those silent opponents of his autho- rity. ot that he would banish them; such punishment is reserved for those who talk of politics, not for those who look apathe- tically on the doings of government; but he sends them word,that he expects them to do something for the progress of the country; to build a cotton-mill, and to employ their serfs in manufactories; or to raise wine on the hills of the Crimes, and on the banks of the Don; or to have mines in the Ural worked. The czar does not expect that they should make money by such spe- culations; on the contrary, he is well aware that the mill and the vineyard will remain heavy incumbrauces on the income of the persons to whose patriotism he has up- pealed, and that the gold dug out in the Urnl may perhaps coat twenty-five shillings the sovereign. But the glory of the country is to be raised in such ways; and the Man- chester manufacturer, who finds one wing of the baroninl castle turned into a work- shop, is delighted to see the mighty aris- tocracy of Russia paying tribute to indus- try. And, in fact, it is a tribute which the aristocracy residing around Moscow will- ingly pays to the whim ofthe czar, in order to be allowed to remain undisturbed. How- ever, the immense power of the czar, which changes the aspect of society in every new reign, has largely affected the mind of the Russian. Peter I. gave the first coat of varnish to the original bnrbarism of Rus- uiun aristocracy; be drilled them into sol- diers, shipivrights, sailors, courticrs, and chamberlains. They had to accept Ger-‘ man and French manners, but he did not educate them. Gluttony and luxury of every kind remained the inherent vices of the o lo. Under his successors-—nearly all of them females, for most of the males soon died the natural death of czars-the scandalous conduct of the court demoral- ized society, though German and [French forms were in turn adopted, and rigorously enforced. Russia was again, under Cathe- rine II., ruled by an imperial mind; like Peter, she aimed continually at the ag- griindizcinent of the empire. She was in correspondence with Voltaire, and protect- ed science and literature; she ave t e second and more brilliant varnish to Rus- sian society, which, by her licentious ex- um lot, was encouraged in debaucher . The madness of her son Paul, more fit liir a drill-sergeant than for an emperor, aigsin aroused the original rudeness of the us- sisns. But soon alter his death, his suc- cessor, Alexander, did all he could to assi- milate his aristocracy to the western civi- Iized nations. In opposition to Napoleonic France, Russia became liberal; and the French and German emigrants instructed the Russians in ood-manners and the ele- guncee of life- ill, all their efforts acted onl upon the surface. Napoleon knew it, an remarked, therefore. justly: ‘Greticv le Rusee, et vous vorrcs le Tsrtare.' Wes- tern civiliuetion is in Russia only the var- nish of the original savage. Yet Alexan- der-’s mystical and half-liberal turn of mind had, in his long reign, a smooth‘ influ- ence ou the character of the Russian aristo- cracy, which, during the wars with Napo- leon, had seen more of Europe in filleen ears than before in a century. Foreign itereture proved to be tbrtillzin ; it roused the native energies, and a nut onal litera- ture began to develope itself. At this time Russians began to read as books, and no longer only French and German; ill}! begun to wean themselves from foreign to- ‘fluenees; they dared to think for thetrrselvee; they warm in their sympathy for nrugg lng Greece. A crisis was impend- ing, when Alexander died. The spirit of the ‘ cleseee. sun! '0 W l

the gee. mt ' gbettlie outhlluk of hssésrfia. tfll. Vhldlultudofloylu

the omnipotence of the user, was quenchgd by the one y and r-sons courage of C_zar Ntcho as. The conspirators and rioters were shot down with grape, and tho tottering imperial throne was founded more firmly in the midst of e pool of blood; the flower of Russittn aristocracy, the mag; generous hearts in the army, were execut. cd, or sent to the mines of Siberia. The ct of society suddenly changed; the French doctrinnire liberalism, and the visionary German mysticism of the time of Alexander, had to disep ear: N icholse is a iiiatter-of-feet man, an despises specula- tion. Generous aspirations became danger- ons; materialism, pednntry, discipline, were the wetchworde for the new reign. Cni- N rcholas transforms the organization of o- vernment into barracks and olliccs. fie fears the influence of Western ideas, and throws diflicultics into the easy intercotnmu- nicutiou with foreign countries: to get a passport is now. become a favour, whilst, f°l'm0|‘l}'. lflvolllng in Europe was encour- aged; nor are foreigners any longer admit- ted into the empire, unless they are mar. chants, or above all suspicion. But, on the other side, he endeavours to arouse a na- tional exclusive spirit, which me in future isolate Russia, and keep it bec from the ways of Western Euro : the ladies at court must wear the flssian costume; moreover, the Russian language, which since Peter I. has been excluded from society, becomes again fashionable by com- mand of the czar. Peter I. worked for years to make the Russians Europeans, and his successors followed his example for a whole century; Nicholas now works to separate them from the West, and once more to arouse their nationality. He has succeeded, perha s, beyond his expecte- tion: the original ussisn nature has been roused; and the present crisis is but the necessary consequence of the revival of narrow-minded bigotry and savage com. bativeness. Russia has been. put in oppo. sition to uro e; Russia is ‘holy,’ and Europe is‘ wic ed. A low cpigrams of Lemcntotf describe this reaction and its con- sequences very strikingly: No traitor to my native land. Nor of my sires unworthy em I; In that. unlike to you, in limp On home-made crutches, 'likee me not.

For that I blush their deeds to see. Nor music lreer in electing chains, Nor glittering arms think beeutilirl; No patriot am I, they say!

Since not of the ancient mould I am, Since backward I decline to go,

I (in their view) ill understand

My country, and disparage it.

Heply they're right ; the devil appreciates it ;

For here, who go but backwards, most advance, And earlier far they at the goal arrive

Than I, who onward ever took my way.

With eyesGod blessed me,snd wi feet ; but when I, venturesome, commenced with feet to walk,

od ive to me a tongue ; but I began

To speak, ind had to rule. How strange a land I The wise man, here, only to bee oo

Uses his mind, and wants his tongue for silence.