PAGE roux THE 'GUARDlAN

Authorised u mu Clue sun can om... Department. Ottawa. nu ulna oumun Publishing co.

- oinciiurrion Total Oity Zena.

--... 3.765

Retail Trading Z0 8.157 All Others ..... .. ........ Total Net. 13.048

Editor and Managing Director. J. I. Burnett Associate Editor. Frank Walker

f'Tho Strongest Memory is Wookor Than the Weakest Ink".

CHABLOTTETOWN. WEDNESDAY. JUNE 20, 1951

Then came communism

What happens to agricultural commun- ltles under Communism is well illustrated in the case of Estonia, as summarized in

. The World Today, a publication of the Roy-

al Institute of International Affairs. Prior to 1914 there were in Estonia 51,000 inde- pendent farmers. There were also 52,000 tenants farming large estates. About 58 per cent of the land was held by great pro- prietors whose possessions averaged 5,200 acres. After the First World War, independ- ent Estonia carried out a large scale land reform. The big estates were parcelled into small holdings of not more than 124 acres. New farms to the number of 37,000 were created. By 1939 there were 140,000 farms in the country, averaging 56 acres each. Farms exceeding 250 acres comprised only 3.3 percent of the land. tinder this system the area of arable land was increased by nearly 20 per cent, production of food grain by 52 per cent, of cattle by 88 per cent, with comparable improvements for horses, pigs, the yield of milk, of eggs, butter and bacon. There were no less than 3,972 co- operative societies. Mechanization was pro- ceeding apace.

Then came Communism. The Russians

, seized Estonia in June 1940, promising that

there would be neither nationalization of land nor collectivization of agriculture. Within a month the land had been nation- alized. Farms exceeding 74 acres were then broken up for the benefit of new settlers and persecution of the ”kulaks" or wealth- ier farmers followed in the spirit of class war.

In 1947 there began the drive for col- Iectivization. The first weapon employed was discriminatory taxation. Specifically the farmer possessing a cow, a pig, 10 sheep and 15 chickens was taxed 5.4 times as

lmuch as his neighbor who had joined a collective and maintained the same number of stock on the acre formally left for his own use. Between March 1948 and March 1949 the number of collectives rose from 59 to 530. As only 15 per cent of the farmers had then joined, the Communists applied further pressure. Some tens of thousands of farmers were deported to re- mote areas of the U.S.S.R. By June 1949 Moscow was able to boast that there were 2,950 collectives comprising 78 per cent of the former Estonian farmsteads.

The nature of a ”kolkhoz" or collective farm is not well understood in this coun- try. Like the serf of ancient'times, the kolkhoznik is bound to the soil. He cannot leave the collective farm on a visit with- out a permit from the authorities. Re- wards of labor are based on the piece-work system. Each day a farmer must accom- plish a fixed "norm", which is set high. If he works faster and accomplishes more he gets higher wages but there are no high- er rates for overtime. He can devote his leisure to his own plot but there are ways and means of circumscribing such activities.

Agricultural production is still far be- low pre-war standards, and the decline is reflected in standards of living. In terms of meat the 10 rubles received by a farm worker for a norm-day is worth only one- third of what the industrial worker re- ceived in 1939 and even this is subject to a discount of 10 to 15 per cent for taxes. But the prices of most consumer goods have in the interval mounted six to ten times. While the Soviets are most reluctant to provide comparative figures, it appears that the "liberated" collective farmer is having a thin time indeed.

Fishery Flgms

An indication of the importance of our deep-sea fishery was given in the House of Commons the other day by Fisheries Min- ister Mnyhew, on a question raised by Mr. McLure with regard to the payment of fishing bounties. Bounties totalling 55,313 were paid last year to 598 Prince County fishermen, who operated in 350 boats; SL958 to 222 Queen's County fishermen, operating in 116 boats, and s1,166 to 128 King's County fishermen, operating in 104 boats. To qualify for bounty payments under the regulations, a fisherman must

'have caught not less than 2,500 pounds of ' pea fish and have fished in a boat measur- ing not less than 12 feet along the keel.

Other information supplied at Mr. Mc- ,laIN'I request dealt with the oyster fish-

In 1948 from Prince Edward Island than were ha.-vtited 15,464 barrels vai- rilqllrlb 8123.115; in 1949 12,328 barrels

valued at s100,426; and in 1950 16,104 barrels valued at 9105.375. ' Progress in the oyster industry has been facilitated in this Province by distribution of oyster farming circulars and by the holding of field days at which the latest culture methods were demonstrated. The latter method, it was stated, had- proved

3” the more effective.

Tile ilairy cow

Conditions here are different from in Britain, particularly in the matter of the severity of winter, but with the discussion at Bedeque on dairy practice it is inter- esting to note British opinion.

Dairy farmers in the Old Country re- gard it as best to arrange first calving about May and work back about two months in each year so that calving will be in the winter months when the cow is at maturity. A cow is regarded as being at full profit at her third calf, and for the next four so that by this practice she gives full- est yield when milk is most valuable.

Having to house the animals through- out the winter months. of course, brings additional factors into the question and it will be interesting to have the views 01' dairymen expressed at Bedeque tonight.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Hope Pictou Foundry Co. Ltd., are to transfer their business to Bruce Stewart & Co. Ltd., and not vice-versa.

O I 0

Baby lobsters are to have an extension of sales instead of an extension of life, as the result of the inaction of Parliament.

0 O I

There are floods of political oratory these days which will not let up till Sat- urday. Then a day of rest, followed by balloting Monday.

0

The formal opening and dedication to- day of St. Dunstan's new alumni gymnas- ium-auditorium makes this a red letter day

for students, new and old. 0 O O

The recent survey of the legal profes- sion showed this Province as having the youngest bar in Canada and the new slate of officers of the Law Society reflects that situation.

0

The Republic of France has acted the part of strength and magnaminity in com- muting the life prison sentence of the 95- year-old Marshal Petain to confinement in hospital.

0 0

Here's the hard, bad news forichildren -the five-cent chocolate bar is gone for- ever. That was the word from some 75 rep- resentatives of the confectionery, chocolate and cocoa industries of Canada at a two- day convention in Montreal. It also means Dad will have to increase his allowance 100 per cent.

0

In St. Louis, Mrs. Earl Renfrow, 27. wife of a bakery truck driver, has had five children in 17 months. The first to arrive. triplet boys, forced the Renfrows to move from a two-room to a four-room apart- ment. Mrs. Renfrow gave birth Saturday to twins, 9. boy and a girl. "Now we're dickering for a still larger place," Renfrow said.

The repeated questioning of interlock- ing Federal-Provinclal legislation, such as the Marketing Act, calls for an early con- stitutional amendment clearly permitting the Canadian Parliament and Provincial Legislatures to delegate powers to one an- other when such is necessary to legislate in fields in which each has partial author- ity. 7

Commonwealth businessmen meeting in London have endorsed this country's view that the world should get back to a sys- tem of multilateral trade. Now if the politicians also see the light we may hope to have an end to the cumbersome bl-lateral deals which are only advantageous when each country has an almost exactly equal concession to make.

0

Niccolo Machiavelli, Italian statesman and author, died this date 1527. As ecre- tary of "The Ten" who managed the foreign affairs of Florence he negotiated with such princes as Caesar Borgia and the Emperor Maadmilian. He wrote on politics, war and Livy. His work "The Prince", is a guide for the perfect autocrat and may well have led to the modern na- tion ousting the unsystematized state of medieval times;

0

Two big gims will be heard in the by- election campaign here when both the Hon.

George A. Drew, Leader of the Opposition will on Friday address rallies in the Strand and the Prince Edward Theatres respective- ly. It is seldom that we here have the opportunity of seeing and hearing dis- tinguished statesmen dealing with questions

of the day and the pity is that their meet- ing: clash on Friday. .

G. E. Rinfret, Postmaster-General, and Hon. " "'

-THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

,-

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courteous-

rue ow.ec11ous.9 1”

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ions are friendly and. courteous

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Mn

Old C harlotlelown

(And P. E l.)

9091524

KIRK MIN ISTEWS ARRIVAL

"The Rev. James Macintosh. formerly assistant minister of lino: Parish of Taln. in Ross-shire. hav- ing been selected by the Glasgow Colonial Religious Society for the Scottish Presbyterian Church in Charlottetown. was solemnly or- dained for that charge by the Presbytery of Tain. in August last. Mr. Macintosh is now here, having arrived in the Brig Stalin from Greenock--so that the Scot- tish Presbyterians in this town and neighborhood will at length enjoy the ndvantage of having the theology of their fathers preached to them by a clergyman of their national church. it is id be re- gretted that the church is in such an unfinished state, but if is to be hoped every exertion will now be used to put it into a condition fit for service.

"No doubt the best feeling sub- sists between the members of the two national churches in this as well as in every other portion of the British domlnionshond little difficulty is to be anticipated in making some arrangement for the occasional use of the English church-but as that church is obviously inadequate for the ac- commodation of its own stated congregation. it is high time that. in a place like Charlottetown. each body possessed a distinct and sep- arate place of worship.

"The Scottish church. with 3 little exertion. may be rendefcfl fit to preach in when the weather is mild-and it is with pleasuri we learn that it is intended to proceed in the erection of the new Episcopal church. for which a lib- eral subscription has been enter- ed into. When these two separ- ate buildings have been complet- ed. and not before. we may EXDBC-iv to see the public ordinances of re- ligion administered. agreeably lo the established forms. Wllh ml” freedom and decent dignity. Whltll the present inadequate moons of accommodation render it impos- sible effectually to nccomP1l5h- N

Joyal Gazette. Oct. 19. 18.0.

Grain Policy Needed

(St. John Telegraph-Journal)

According to a despatch from Ottawa, it has been learned in rt- lloble quarters that an eight month extension of the govern- ment's multi-million-dollar feed grain subsidy likely will be an- nounced soon."

While the farmers will welcome the indication that the assistance is to be continued beyond July 31. they will heartily wish at the same time that the Federal Gov- ernment could see its way clear to establish a permanent policy ns far as feed grain is concerned.

The freight rate aid was insti- tuted during the Second World War to expand the output of ems. bacon and other farm products all across the country so Canada could meet her contract: to feed hu- leagured Britain. The subsidy made it possible for farmers in the Maritime Provinces to buy feed grain at the cams prices or aha farmers in Ontario and Que-

cc.

0 O 0 After the war. the assistance was continued on a piecemeal

basil - from year to year, or from one six-month period to the next. The reason for this indo- cisiveneu was that the Federal Government wanted to drop the subsidy u soon as possible. but the farmers in this region couldnit do without it. They had found themselves in an on of upward- spirslling costs. including rising freight rates: and if the subsidy was eliminated it was inevitable that the retail prices of sun. poultry. milk. butter. pork and other food staples would soar. in- creasing the a ready high cost of

v 1.

On the other hand. Now Bruns- wick spokesmen pointed out. the usiltsnoo was kept in affect. this part of Canada could take in stride forward at last toward its long-sought goal of agricultural solf-sufficiency. The day would Home nearer the Maritime: could feed their own people. rather than

Another Cleric Talks Loosely

-(Ottawa Journal) Recently in this column we had some things to say to the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sher- brooke for what we considered loose. misleading statements by His Grace in comparing capitalism with communism. Today we feel constrained to say something to Dr. Gordon A. siscoe Secretary of the General Council of the United Church of Canada. who has just made statements about capitalism Which. in our view. are equally 10058 and misleading. Dr, Sl5coe's statement was that communism and capitalism are ”bolh defective from the Christian point of vlew." Now if Dr. slscoe had defined his term. had said that the capitalist System was capable of abuse, (hat exploitation of the many by the

the future-so our farmers will be able to plan ahead for a year. or flve years. and not remain in a month-to-month state of uncertain- ty. Surely. with the dark threat of a Third World War overhang- ing the world. this is no time to be keeping agriculture in inv section of Canada in an unsettled condition.

It is scant encouragement for our farmers to-rend. in the 0:- tawa despatch. that the decision to vote about 311,000,000 for the eight-month continuation of the subsldy is apparently being taken in deference to the western wheat growers rather than in consider- ation of the plight of general farmers in the east and on the Pacific coast. The Prairies still have a big supply of low-grade wheat on hand and want to get it sold as feed grain. According to the news story. "western form pressure" has emphasized that if the subsidy is discontinued, the whole question of Federal grmn payments to the west may he re- opened.

If the wheat farmers are so in- fluential at Ottawa, it is evidently fortunate for the Atlantic prov- inces that in the feed grain quest- ion the interests of west and east. co-inclde. ,

COMPLETE INSURANCE SERVICE

'.F-'ln5

i The Age-Old Story

3:-'-'b'b'u'n'h'b'-W-'u'u'u'u'H'h'b'-'5'-C-Puk

To whom then God? or what likeness compare unto him?

few under unbridled free enter- prise was a bad thing, his words would have made sense. When he lumps together the two systems. one a by-product of freedom and the other an instrument of tyr- anny. and implies that both are un- Christian, his slatments don't malsc sense. They make for but doubt and confusion.

. . .

will ya liken will yo

Capitalism. stemming from free- dom. rests on no doctrine except individual liberty. Communism. atheistlc and Godless, calls for im- placable application of an ideology or dogma by despotic authority. In that clear truth, is it helpful to thought to say that both are "de- fcctlve from the Christian point of view?"

Capitalism. if or when it involves abuses. can be reformed: reformed by Christian peaceful,- constitu- tional methods. It has been so re- formed all through its history. If there are abuses under Commun-

ism there is nothing its victims may do about it. what power abides with Russian serfs. under

the terror of a police state, to break their chains?

Under capitalism men are free to think as they please. to utter as they please, to worship as they please. to audit the acts of their rulers, to hold their government to accountability. Under Communism men dare not think as they please, may not utter as they please, may not worship as they please, may not audit the acts of their rulers. can- not hold them to accountability. Under the Christian theory of the worth and dignity of the human soul. where is the comparison-the comparison of both systems being "defective from the Chi-itinn point of view?"

0 O 0

Liberty itself can be. indeed

often is, "clefectlve from the Cana-

c(lf3C.3logersJl.gcncieo &mitd EIAIKDVVIVOWN "V3 0.'9'.' i

181 QUEEN sr. AGENTS nmoucaour THE rnovmcr:

"importing" heavily from other

provinces. What is needed most urgently

't right now is I definite policy for

E. R. Brow &?Son

Fire. Into, life. Accident, Sickness Ind lriato. Glass Insurance At" Lowest iiatos

Agent at Summorslde. D. O. - Stewart 144 Richmond St.

Charlottetown

it doesn't count if you're an op. tlmlstonlybeccusoyouuntooluy to kick. - Saskatoon Star-Phoenix.

Could be that Inuit: bomb 5 the some so the one that was faked in Argentina. But don't but on 5 wishful think! -- oz. town. Oltiun.

Recipes for longevity In many and varied -- and generally, we suspect. worthless. Nevertheless, we like the one given by the old gen- tleman who was certain he resch- ed the age of one hundred because he did most of his living before the world went nuts. - Kingston Whig-Standard.

Baseball is booming on the Prairie this year. It reminds us of the days following World War I when South Alberta had bags of money. This year both Saskatchewan and Alber- to small towns have gone wild. La- combe is t ' a sl2.000 tourna- ment with 83,000 as the first prize. Tuumaments with purses running up to five or six thousand dollars are not ncommon, with Kamsack, Foam Lake, Sceptre. in Saskatch- ewan. and Lacombe, stettler. Olds and a number of Alberta towns holding up the honor of this prov- ince. It's a. reflection of farm proa- perity when small communities go all out for the summer game that is as popular on the Prairies as are hockey and curling in Winter. - Lethbrldge Herald.

Delegates to the B.C. Pharmac- eutical Associatlon, discussing their mofessional problems in Vancouver. turned up I much more important and a much deeper problem, which should touch the conscience of all Canadians. The pharmaceutlsts re- vealed that the sale of cod liver oil for an Indian child, or the sale of a "222" pill for a brave with a head- ache, is not permissible under the Indian Act. Withholding of medical aid from any Indian is heartless and immoral and it is silly. The

dlan point of view." would Dr. slscoe. because of that, attempt to for liberty and tyranny with the same brush? Suggest, as many will see him suggesting. that there is little or nothing to choose where there is everything to choose? Capitalist countries are not per- fect and capitalism is not perfect. But the justification of capitalism from the Canadian point of view is that it is capable of being made more christian. more humane, more in harmony with justice and decency and mercy among men.

- So. in almost all lands, capitalism is being made; reformed more and more to accord with human justice. with the rights and dignity of -men. It is in capitalist countries today where human values are held most precious. where rights are most respected, where life and property are held most scored.

The Roman Catholic Archbishop of sherbrooke and the secretary of the General Council of the United Church of Canada would be doing more for their flocks and their country if they dwelt more upon such things. talked less loosely about communism and capitalism being both "defective from the

3 JUNE 20. 1951

1

fact that. this strange quirk og the Indian law has been brought to public attention should spur us .4, relnvestigate the whole question 01 Indian subjugation to outdated 1",. that have ceased to have any just.

ifioation. - Vancouver Province. ' Quotations from the Many report which deal with a mum.-

problem of every administration -what to do with its old doeu. menu and records? Every office

knows something of this prob- lem - what of its files and letters should be kept and

how long, and what thrown Sway? But the" office records of bualnggs firms are not public documents, seldom have any conceivable in. most for the historian of the m. ture. Public records on the other hund may deal. and often do any with controversial questions, wm, issues involving ministers or high officials or lugs sums of money or important questions of govern." ment or departmental policy, wm, matters before the courts. The re. port emphasizes the magnitude of this problem on the official level. Apart from documents still in the care of.govei-nment department; there are "completely inactive and inaccessible" public records stored by the Department of Public- Works which would prsctlcslh. fill the office space in two strucl cures like Ottawa's nine-no... Confederation Building. The rel port estimates that at least half of this material should be destroyed as completely useless, adds (ha; until it is destroyed the counm, is spending sr1s,ooo a year for 1.. storage. This is a, preposgeroule situation. Ottawa Journal.

7.: " ?v..ff....

HIGII AS THE

MOON

Many things live in the mind.

High as I. stage of the moon: shadow of print on a page;

Edge of a tune.

This corner

stood When blossoms were snow; The face of a. girl and the doll In that window show.

of street. where we

Phrases and gestures unchanged For us who return:

Oak in the pattern that stirs; Flower and fern.

A kiss reaffirming its claim In the mind where it clings. keen on the saber of star, As progress of wings. '

-Mario Speracio

J.l'. Macrllerson & son

157 QUEEN ST.

I'ailorod-to-Musurg Clothing That Fits. H900 and up

Christian point of view."

PROFESSIONAL CARDS

M. Alban Former EA. LL. 3. MONEY 1'0 LOAN Charlottetown. P. I. I,

Dr. A. L. M-cclsaoc DENTIST

Dental x.-Say

BLOII-IA BUILDING I'll Grafton It.

Palmer 8. I-iusium A. J. HASLAM. B.A.. I43 Barrister. lite.

Bank of Nova Sootln Gumball Charlottetown. Ell. I. MONEY To DOAN

Allison M. Gillls. Li..l. 1 ' S

IAIIISTII. SOIJCITOB. Eh. '

I80 liohmond St. -' Olftown. Phone 500

Joseph it. Mocllillon. - LL.B.

uaafsru. souorrol. I00. 15 canon smut room: no

Money to nun , cornea.-

........mE...........

Ifllill J. IMIT II. I. ononrnsr um um um:

PIIONI I10 Adjoining North American Hotel

olulotutown B.

''u”''' Ubnru

.S;';''':, no dust com. son... on Iunw

Inlvillo noun IUD - M41

ilr. John E. sterns ' VETERINARY SURGEON

l Phone 129 as rownu so. Office noun

By Appointment

Motheson. Peaks 8. Nicholson

A. W. MATHISON. LC. A. 1-1. PEAKE. B.A.. LLB. JOHN P. NICHOLSON, LLB. Barristers, etc

Coll - Money To loan 00 Great George Street Charlottetown

J. S. TAYLOR

Oplo-drill Ins onnfnod, gluon fitted Oonm lens 0 Queen BIS. omu Phoro 1:50.30... ma

..

J. A. OABRUTHEB8

OPIOMMRIST PHONE 2872 123 Kent Street .0100, to Simpson's Assoc!)

.

(

'1 Notes By The Way

KDOANEIOO.

rod Accountants can

It .- no Inaaouwu-u 0.A. oh.

I. Ilufbsuolo or-an noupnl, GA.

:4

Vancouver. lflhhnd uh. cums lids. aulclmown

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uooouaw. Ollllltlli I O0.

OIAIHID A000Iill'lAl'l'I ,

uncut. Quebec. olhws, taunts. can soon. Institutio- nu-mug

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noon-n. ounuuupwn ruumo 1''

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