THE DAILY EXAMINER.
Editorial Notes.
The Thames Subway, described in another column, has many points of resem- blance to the Northumberland Subway
proposed by Senator Howlan
Che Rev. Phillips Brooks declared a few days ago, that the greatest Americans of the ‘Century are Daniel Webster, Abra ham F rid iin and Henry Ward Beecher.
Major Tiltor Deputy Minister of
F sher ies savs that recent vd ices from the British Government state that they m the attitude Uanada has taken in the
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\ fl8isthe D nion Government la ipon it in spit f any retaliation
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THE DAILY EXAMINER, .
the St. Lawrence route, Meantime, the free canals across the line are reaping the advantages of the ‘laws delay,’ and shipments which might eome through Canada are being contracted fo: through the States, It is sometimes urged that the question is one which affects the shippang com- munity only, and that therefore the claim for free canals is a purely selfish one. It certainly does affect shippers most nearly, but all other classes of the mercantile community are aifected indi rectly, and even beyond them; the farmer and
our popolation generally have to — suffer if the canals are comparatively idle, rhe opinion of all bu-iness classes
in Montreal is decidedly in favor of the reduc- tion of the canal tolls to the lowest possible point; and, from conversation with representatives of loronto’s commerce, the opinion is the same up there. Ina very interesting discussion the other day between a lake shipper and a canal shipper. the point of “ who pers the tolls” was argued, and the disputants finally agreed that it was the farmer who paid these dues out of the price of his wheat. The general public certainly derive he great advantage of low railway freights vecause of the existence of the canals, and the larwer the volume earried by canal, the lower the tes charred by its competitors, the railways. the State of New York has recently decided to 1d more than half a million dollars in tm- proving a canal from which they do not and cannot draw a cent of revenue.”
Arbor Secicty.
THE annual meeting of the Arbor Society was held last evening inthe Stipendiary Magistrate's Court Room—His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor in the chair. The following otiicers were appointed for the ensuing year :
President — His Macdonald.
Vice-Presidents Warburton.
Honor Lieut.-Governor
R. &. Fitzgerald, A. B.
‘ i meet the people | ~ \ W ] few eXcepDp ; t be tore | } i\ ‘ I for their fish t ‘ ew ( fis rinen As i tof high heenses the I Ving Statistics are Give \ of \ Rate - rons | I f pk | t 3 t lihots 0 i * 23 kK ( : Si a “3 ” 54) 2 { . " "~ Sw 47 > ) } . vb } ; i oJ ‘ a } mM i ow) Luv h) t ) 2 ) Nb 1t4 | } 35 os ; sn ; : a ) a) | i 170 + 059 j "4 ] I { es of Omaha, Kansas City, s nd ¢ Mri, where the rates oi | Licesse tre highest, there is an average of ‘ . ' i + Suioon ry 10,000 inhabitants. in | ‘ ; _— 1 = j New York, Baltimore aud Philadelphia, on | Erie han where the rates are lowest, tie average 18 over 70 | i tollowing isan extract from a lett ived from a Newfoundland | M al lhe prospect here has been} ices i \ ext re There are at the pr t tine some thousands of families in XX t : Northern Bays who
were almost on the verge of starvation.
vidential relief came. The
win ‘ en from the north-east and has pa ithe bays with ice and thousands of seals haveé@been taken by t! shoremen during the past week. This timely supply will hi ip them for a « iple of months. D iring miy long experience of hitty years Lr $ county { have never seen such wide- spread poverty as | have seen during the past few months. Should the fisheries this coming season prove as disastrous as those of the past two seasons there will be famine in the land next winter. The Gov- ernment will not be able to find means to keep the people alive. Very many have ‘
already left the Colony and thousands
would follow. had they means to get away. i
Our people are, though late, beginning to favorably consider confederation with Canada.”
*‘A Roman Catholic priest in Hoboken has the pledge of 325 young men and _ boys in his parish that they will abstain from intoxica- ting drinks and tobacco till they are 21 years old. What if every priest and minister should do likewise ?”
We clipthe above from an exchange. Atew years ago the Rev. George W. Hodgson established a Band of Hope in connection with St. Peter's Church. We have not heard of its members breaking that pledge, and the Band is now vigorous and flourishing. More recently a temper-
Secy.-Treasurer—H. C. Macdonald.
Committee—John Ball, Alex. McKin- non, George McLeod, 8S. W. Crabbe, C. C., \rthur Newbery, Frank Carter and W. A. Weeks, C. E.
Wednesday, the 11th of May, was chosen \rbor Day for 1887.
it was decided to complete the work of
lanting trees and grading. Prince Street.
For that purpose a committee, comprising |
Messrs. John Ball, A. A. McLean, F. 8S. Moore and R. B. Nerton, were appointed
see the matter carried toa successful termination, and te solicit the aid of pro- perty holders and residents on that street.
Messrs. A. B. Warburton and R. R. Fitz- were appointed a committee to superintend the further work to be done on Great George Street. A motion was appointing a committee to wait upon His Honor the Lieut.-Governor and His Worship the Mayor, to ask them to have Arbor Day proclaimed a public holi- day, and also to wait upon the Superinten- dent of Edueation and the chairman of the School Board to obtain their consent to a procession of the pupils from the different
rerald
i) assed
city schools, the same as last year. Messrs. R. R. Fitzgerald and H. ©. Macdonald were appointed
that committee. It was also the expressed desire of the Society that if the day should be proclaimed a public holiday that all per- sons throughout the Province—especially teachers and scholars—should co-operate with the Society in planting trees, thus making the work of the day as wide-spread as possible a beauty to the city and a last- ing benefit to the Province. Besides the special attention to be given to Prince and Great George Streets, citizens generally are requested to assist in planting trees in whatever portion of the city interests them. lf the children will again be permitted to walk as last year—and we hope they will— our citizens shall have another opportunity of viewing one of the most impressive pro- cessions ever witnessed in this town.
The meeting adjourned till 25th April inst.
sin saad cag tga AMMA elicited Easter Cattle Show.
Tue Easter Cattle Show to-day was not as large in quantity as on former occasions, but the quality was very good indeed. Blake Bros’ exhibit was, .as usual, first-
class. Worthy of special mention was their steer, under four years old, which weighed 1,760 lbs., and their cow 1,530
lbs. The steer and heifer fed by Mr. John Dewar, of Lot 48, were in prime order-and were much admired as was also the MeRae heifer under three years, which tipped the scales at 1,360 lbs. Che ox fed by Benj. Bunting, Rustico, and the Stock Farm cow were also greatly admired. Messrs. Saunders & Campbell’s contingent looked well; the cow fed by Horace Beer and the oxen fed by Alex. McKinlay, North River, being especially vimired. Mr. Drake’s cow fed by Ben). Wright was good and heavy and occasioned favurable comment. A. L. Bridges & Co. showed a tine fat cow fed by Charles Pal- Some of the other cattle ex- hibited were also much admired. Follow- ing is the list of weights for which we are indebted to the Manager of the City Weigh Seales, Mr. Henry Sellers:
mer, Esq.
BLAKE BROS,
Ox. 1,760 lbs, cow. 1.520 lbs, cow, 1,127 Ibs, cow, 1,360 Ibs, cow, 1,115 lbs, cow, 1.020, cow, 990 lbs,ox, 1060 Ibs, cow, 1010 lbs, fedby Blake Bros; ox, 1505 lbs, heifer, 1077 Ibs,fed by John Dewar; ox,1490 lbs,fed by P Duffy;cow, 1,665 lbs, fed by F Gates; ox, 1,820 Ibs, fed by # Bunting; cow, 1,620 lbs, fed by Stock Farm.
SAUNDERS & CAMPBELL
Ox, 1,400 lbs, fed by Mrs G Lewis;. ox, 1,317 lbs, fed by Hugh McMillan; ox, 1,042 lbs, fed by Mr. Orr; cow, 1,005 Ibs, fed by Saunders & Campbell; ox, 1,525 Ibs, ox, 1,240 lbs, ox, 1.207 Ibs, fed by Daniel McKinley; cow, 1,312 lbs, fed by Mr Proctor; cow, 1,380 Ibs, fed by Horace Beer.
JOHN DRAKE.
ance organization has been formed unde the suspices of the Rev. Mr. Harrison of t pper Prince Street ¢ hurch, Here ire @X- AMpies wel worthy of imitation. Granted that it is impossible to suppress the liqu Tr traiiic without the aid of stringent laws, the fact still remains and should never be forgotten, that the prime means of making I ober are educational. It is equally ciear that the best time to begin to educate tie a , ites and } iss ] to train the peo pie to abstain from that which isevil—is the ti uth itis to be hoped that ow clergymen will upple nt their efforts i il’s laws tk suppress the hiquoi trailic by ellorts to educate the youth ult- der their care to abstain from the use of lit ating drinks and other means of de P ) We are indebtel to E. L. Lydiard, | i , for the following statement of exports! irom Queens and King’s Counties during | the quarter ending 3lst March, 1887 : Pora 8.023 bush. $5,616 11.851 2.344 —-- 3 7,950 UAT Colonial zing’ * 8.586 Foreign 6.342 + 2,413 10,999 MEATS AND Por ; Lo. nial Fresh 3,372 Salted 1.378 brls. 20,678 reign —-Canned 1,317 cases. 5,263 F isa, Foreign-— Mackerel 893 bris. 6,520 Other fish 270 -- Canned 221 cases 663 Lone lb oreign—Canned. .. . 1,382 cases. 6,910 | kK WOU, <ascece>ie daQpee GOR. $12 Hons Puen dn dada 44 4,409 Si Sold bul vacl, 3 out tons. 10,543 MiIsCrLLANEOUS. Colonial 8,138 I elen 656 8,794 $87,184 \ large portion of the above went by
steamers Northern Light and Neptune to Pictou. ,
The Dominion Government are urged to make the canals of Canada free of tolls at once ; because trade is being diverted to New York througli the free canals of that State The Montreal Star says :—
“ This is a question in which to give quickly is to Kive twice ; indeed, if the reduction be not speedily granted, its valoe is very materially lessened, as contracts for the transport of grain are being entered into, and until the reduction is Branted or denied, no bargains can be be made by
Cow, 1,647 lbs, fed by B Wright; heifer, | 1,222 lbs, heifer, 1,045 lbs, fed by S Wheat- lley; cow, 1,180 Ibs, fed by S Drake. A. L. BRIDGES, Cow, 975 lbs, fed by G Lewis; lbs, fed by C Palmer, Esq. HENRY M GREGOR. Cow, 1,412 Ibs, fed by David Mutech; cow, 1,315 lbs, fed by Oliver Mason.
1,305
cow,
| ' | | } | | |
G. THORNE, Ox, 1,122 lbs, fed by George Seller. HENRY WOODs.,
Cow, 1,310 lbs, fed by Alex McRae; heifer,
1,010 lbs, fed by Ronald MeDonald. WILLIAM SELLER.
Heifer,“ 367 Ibs, fed by John Bell; cow, 1,207 lbs, fed by H Chowan; ox, 1,000 Ibs, fed by Arthur Wright.
ALEX. M’MILLAN.
Cow, 1,390 Ibs, cow, 1,170 Ibs, fed by A McMillan.
At two o'clock a sale of stock conducted by A. MeNeill, took ;lace on the Square. The Stock Farm cow was purchased by Blake Bros. for $83, the Oxford sheep for $11.50 by Campbell & Saunders and the
Percheron stallion Norman Chief by George Essory, Royalty, for $550.
The New Underground Railway.
A Visit TO THE NEW THAMES TUNNEL.
——
(Pall Mall Gazette. )
A Parliamentary committee has had under consideration a bill for the extension of the Metropolitan Underground Railway, which is at present in course of construc tion. In many respects it is a remarkable work, and may lead to a revolution both in the construction of subways, Thames and other, and the carriage of passengers in crowded cities. The approved line extends from the monument at London Bridge to the Elephant and Castle, and the proposed extension will carry it to ‘the Swan at Stockwell. The tunnel has been carried right across the bed of the Thames in an incredibly short period, and at small cost, and our representative the other day was conducted through it, and had the method of working explained by the courteous engineer, Mr. G. Hy Greathead, C. E.
THE FEATURES OF THE ROUTE,
One striking feature of the new Subways is their depth. They run right down underneath water and gas mains and sewers, and almost wholly keep to the line of the public thoroughfares, so that the projectors are not handicapped by heavy compensa- tions, at one point only having payment being made. The depth under the road-
ways range from 40 feet to 45 feet, and u-der the Thames it is about 15 feet. Starting from the terminus, which will
have a commanding corner position imme- diately above the Monument, the tunnels extend across the road, and passing down Swan Lane they enter the river bed at the Swan Pier, about tifty yards above London Bridge. There are two independent tun- vels, one for the up and the other for the down traffic, andas Swan Lane is very narrow, there was no space to place them side by side without encroaching on the coutiguous property. The Engineer has overcome the difficulty by running one over the other, with about five feet of earth between, and gradually the lower one is raised until they run parallel but separated by about five feet. IN THE TUNNEL
the work is being carried on from a tem- porary shaft sunk at the Swan Pier, with a depth of 60 feet to the first tunnel and 75 feet to the second, and having a diameter of 13 feet. Down this shaft were severing and at the bottom we found ourselves in a long iron cylinder 10 feet in diameter. At present it is dimly lighted with gas and lamps, but we could see aheai for a con- siderable distance, the tunnel taking a straight line. A temporary tramway for the removal of the excavated material and for carrying forward the iron plates with which the cylinder is built up, runs along the whole length of the subway. We found the path somewhat treacherous, for the passage of the greasy clay has made the boards very slippery. We arrived at the extremity, however, without mishap,and in a slightly heated atmosphere watched oper- ation.
MAKING A HOLE AND PUTTING IRON
ROUND IT.
The principle on which the tunnel is made was exactly pictured by the Irishman who, when describing the manufacture of a gun, said a hole was first made, and then iron was put round it. A hole is cut into the clay, and then piece by piece the cylin- der is built up. And in this connection it may be noted that the London clay through which the subway will run its whole course is admirably adopted for the work, but at the same time sand and other loose clay can also be tunnelled with a slight change in the machinery and method. First of all a small heading is driven into the clay and supported by timbers. With pick and shovel about eighteen inches ofthe soil to the extent of the tunnel’s circumference is next taken out and then the ‘* shield,” as it is termed, begins to work. This might be likened to the cap of a telescope, the tele- scope itself representing the tunnel - in which the men are at work. Steel cutters are fixed round the outer edge of the cap (to maintain the semile) and hydraulic pressure (500 pounds to the square inch) is brought to bear upon it from within, driving it into the clay. The hole which was thus partially made by hand labor is thus rounded off, and the ‘‘shield” has been pushed forward, in less than a quarter of an hour, eighteen inches. The cap is not wholly of the telescope however. A plate of iron affixed to the ‘“‘shield” covers the space bored until another section of the tunnel is added. Thus section after section is built up as the progressiue movement is
-effect ed.
THE FORMATION OF THE CYLINDER.
The circle is made up of six pieces with a key-piece at the top. They are eighteen inches wide and one inch thick,with flanges through which they are securely bolted together aud weigh about 44 ewt. each. The metal is cast iron which will not cor- rode. The tube fits exactly to the shape of the hole which the ‘“‘shield” has cut, less the thickness of the iron plate which the cap.of the, telescope typtiies jin. the description. As the shield gies forward this hollow is filled with ‘‘grout” or - liquid lime which is forced through a hole in the iron plate by pneumatic pressure, and it very soon solidifies. There can thus be no risk of instability by the subsidence of the soil. In the matter of strength the engin- eer gave it as his opinion when the bill was before Parliament the question of weaken- ing the foundations of London Bridge hav- ing been raised, that forty London bridges piled on the top of each other would not damage the cylinder.
THE RATE OF PROGRESS AND COST.
Something like ten feet can be driven each day, and in sixteen weeks the Thames was tunnelled. The contrast with the ancient methods is* amazing. . The first Thames tunnel occupied about eighteen years, and though recent works have been more expeditiously completed they have been much more prodigal of time than the one under review. The cost,alse.-can bear no comparison. £200,000 is regarded as the ultimate cost, and including ~ stations. land, and indeed every outlay, the “nthor- ized line of 14 miles will be completed for £300,000, Hydraulic lifts will raise and lower the passengers at the stations, of which there are to be three, the interme- diate one being at St. George’s Church in the borough where the car traflic for the city isemptied. Ifthe extension beyond the Castle and Elephant is approved sta-
tions will be placed at Kennington Park, Kennington Oval and the terminus at Stockwell. This would add 1} miles to the
ene AED
- - ‘TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 1!
Carpets, Bilcloths
line, which would mean an additional out- lay of £250,000, or £550,000 in all for 3} miles,
THE METHOD OF WORING THE LINE,
All the details of working the line are not complete, but trains of three or four car- riayes somewhat after the style of a train or Pullman car will be run, the motive power being the endless cable. The cars will be more roomy than omnibuses, or even ordinary railway carriages. A driver and conductor will be in charge of each train, which will carry about one hundred pas- sengers. The carriages will be about six inches from the top of the tunnel, and about one foot six inches, measured from the centre, at the sides. They will start every two or three minutes, and the dis- tance over the first section will be covered in six or seven minutes. The speed will be about double that of road conveyances. The machinery for working will ve placed at the Elephant and Castle. With respect to ventilation, the engineer anticipates no difficulty. There will be no foul smoke from engines, as in the case of the Under- ground, and, as the trains in each tunnel will always be running in one direction, they will create a current of air,
WILL Ir PAY
The promoters of the line, of course, believe it will pay. They are going in for cheap fares and fast ccuveyance, and with the enormous traftic to and from the City they have no fear of the result. A penny will be the fare on the first section, to the Elephant and Castle, and another penny will carry to Stockwell. When the full distance is covered the company will have over three miles, and they will require one and a half million passengers per mile per annum to pay ali working expenses and 5 per cent. on the capital. As the Metro- politan Railway, including its country lines, carries three and a quarter millions
| per mile, there should be no difticulty in
securing the numbers stated, 5 Pal | N / a offer the following Goods at Very Low Prices during APRIL :—
Carpets,
Oiicloths,
Room Papers,
Sheetings,
Pillow Cottons,
Tickings,
Gray Cottons,
White Cottons,
Print Cottons,
Table Linens,
Towels,
Scotch Tweeds,
Worsteds,
Gents’ Furnishings, Christy's London Hats,
and a few pair of Gilray’s Patent Lace CUR- TAIN STRETCHERS. Ladies should see
fa, Pa & Ch,
MARKET SQUARE. th’town, April 5, 1837-—-dy wky
Horses, Carriages, Sighs, Rebas. Hares, &e. &.
AT Auction, at Rooms, FRIDAY, 15th April, inst., at 2 o'clock, p. m.:
4 First-class Horses, lop Buvgies Single Wavons,
Double Pheeton.
Sinzl+and 1 Donble Sleighs.
> Sleigh Robes, 5 Carriage Wraps. Sets Sing'e and 1 set Double Harness,
1 Water Cart
1 Carriage Pole and alot of Stable Utensils (a first-class lot.)
TERMS—$5 and under, ca-h; over $5, four months credit, six months on Sleighs and Kobes. Approved joint notes will be required.
A. H. B. MACGOW AN,
: : Auctioneer, April 5, (887-31 3.9 14 wky 2i
Freehold Fara
FOR SALE.
CO me BS Le
os
THE Subscriber offers for sale the whole of his
~ Property, situated between Norwood and Union toads, in the Royalty of Charlottetown, three miles ftom the City, containing Two Hun- dred Acres of Land, known as BEECH HILL FARM, and formerly owned by Hon. J. C. Pope.
This Farm is well watered, having a clear stream running through it, which makes it very desirable for pasturage. There is also a new and comfortable _ Dwelling House on the premises besides stabling for fifty head of horned cattle and four horses, and also houses sufficient to contain all the grain and hay that can possibly grow on the whole property. There are over forty acres of laud plowed on the premises, and mostly cross- plowed, manure being ploughed in it. There is ee in ae Sate yard ae stable manure to
over en acres. Ali this pre i ready for present crop. ree
Immediate possession given, if required.
—ALS0—
That other Parm, known as STONE P . FARM, formerly occupied by late Hon. ie Qoles, containing Two Hundred Acres of Land. and is situated less than two miles from the City, A large portion of it joins the Government Model Farm. There are on it for present crop: Forty- eight acres plowed, cross-plowed and manured, and in the barn-yard sufficient manure to cover sixteen acres, available for present crop. On this Farm there is sufficient stable room for fifty head of herned cattle and ten horses, also a large Barn, Granary and ofher buildings, sufficient to hold al) the grain and hay grown on the Farm.
Immediate possession given, if required.
ee OWEN CONNOLLY, Ch'town, April 5, 1887,—2aw wy lmo
‘
] E offer the Largest Assortment in the City in these goods, and at prices very low
during March.
28 BALES
aa. ee
20:
20;
See our Sample Books before buying elsewhere.
Sheetings, Table Linens, White Cottons,
Pillow Cottons, Tickin Towels, | Gray Prints,
SEERSUCKERS.
:0°
HOUSE-FURNISHINGS.
ROOM PAPER NOW READY,
Cottons,
Ginghams, ‘
A very large assortment of LADIES’ CORSETS, at extremely low pricea
JAMES PATON & CO, |
20.
MA#KET SQUARE.
Ch’town, March 12, 1887.—dy wky
coroners nat |S liaise hana
LON.
—— 9 —— ae
House-keeping Goods, New White and Gray Coston,
New Printed Cottons, Bieached Sheetings, Unbleached Sheetings, Pillow Cottons, | Table Linens, Towels, Toweling,
FP HESE goods have just been opened for Spring Sale, and having been bought before the
u—_”-"—_—
recent advance in Cottons, will be found extra value.
CARPHTS!
Brussels, Tapestries, Hemps, Floor Cloths, Matting, Hearth Rugs, Voor Mats, Lace Curtains, —
‘Tailoring
— —)-—— — —
A lot of Spring Tweeds just opened.
HARRIS & STEWART,
—_— 0 — --
SUCCESSORS TO
CHO, DAVIES & Co.
Ch town, March 7, 1887.—wky
NOTICE. |
Intending to move back to my own store first of April, I will sell for the next ten days the remaining stock on
hand at a sacrifice. J. B. WeDONALD.
Ch’town, March 21, i887—dy & wky
CARPHTS!
Department.
BRITISH WA
_ ee
— ee ee oa —_————
EXTENSIVE CASH SALE
I have decided to close out the whole of my stock of Staple and
Fancy Dry Goods, commencing De cember 15th, L886, and continuing
Oo
20:
REHOU
until the whole is disposed of, at
LARGE DISCOUNTS FOR CASH.
RoW WN.
Ch’town, Dee. l4—wky
oO
QUEEN STREET.
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