A Futile Application Wouldn’t it save a lot of time and axpense if the railways decided to withdraw their application for a hearing before the Board of Trans- * port Commissioners on May 19? This application is for new increase (somewhere betw cent) in freight. rates. Minister Hees has informed the House of Commons that the Govern- ‘ment will not permit any more freight rate increases until a Royal Commission, to be appointed any day now, has had a chance to make a thorough study of the whole . freight rate structure. The Trans- port Commissioners can surely be better employed than in hearing aca- demic arguments for another rates ‘boost which they are powerless to put into effect.

All normal freight rates went up

17 per cent last December, when the Commissioners authorized this in- crease to meet a railway strike threat. The Government has since announced a $20-million freight sub- sidy to offset the disadvantages ac- cruing from this boost to the Atlan- tic and Western Provinces, which al- ways have to pay the major part of these horizontal increases. But ac- cording to the Financial Post, only about $12 million of this subsidy will actually be applied against the 17 per cent increase in “normal” freight rates in the West. The bal- ance will be split, about equally, be- twen the Ontario-Quebec region and the Maritimes. The effect of the sub- sidy will thus be to limit the increa- ses on all normal freight rates to 10 per cent. So the Central Provinces— which have always enjoyed the pro- tection of highly competitive rates— _ will be able to have their cake and eat it too, :

The subsidy is to last for a 12- month period and will begin on a date to be set by the Transport Commis- sion, through which it will be admin-

istered. It is based on a calculation of anticipated railway revenues un- der normal rates in the current 12- month period which came to about $290 million. $20 million (the amount decided on) is 7 per cent of the $290 - million. Thus the 17 per cent increase becomes a 10 per cent increase.

Although it will be applied to all

__horma]| rates in all regions of Can- ada, it will still give the greatest re- lief to shippers on long hauls East and West, and is to be welcomed for that reason. But it is not a perman- ent solution by any means, and is not

_ imtended as such. A thorough in- quiry and readjustment of the rates burden is long over due, and we trust that full scope will be provided in the terms of reference of the new (Royal Commission for this purpose.

The Advocate’s Position . _We welcome the contribution in today’s Public Forum from Brigadier Wardell, editor and publisher of The

Atlantic Advocate, clarifying his position on the Northumberland Strait causeway question. We inter- preted the articles in the March is- sue of his publication as a campaign launched to kill the causeway scheme in the interests of the Chignecto can- _ al, and he says this is all wrong. We said we did not agree with the Advo- cate’s attitude that the schemes are incompatible and that it would be un- | reasonable to expect the Canadian economy to finance both; and he says we misinterpreted him entirely. He says an article advocating the cause- way was in the first issue of the Ad- vocate and it has been a _ constantly _ recurring topic in the magazine. This is true, and it is one reason why we felt so disturbed about the change

_ of attitude in the March issue. - ’ If we erred in paraphrasing the statement in controversy, we _ shall _ quote it now from the Advocate edit- orial: “Prince Edward Island wants | a causeway, New Brunswick a canal. ‘The two may be competitive—mu- _ tually incompatible and in opposition. A causeway from Cape Tormentine might defeat the conception of a sea “fane from Fundy to the St.* Law- rence Seaway. If that-is-so, it will be necessary to apply the rule of first t, in the interest of both

~~

S

15 and 20 per | Transport |

and of the Mari- |

’ R ’ times as a whole. It must be the canal. For the Chignecto project ean confer a great benefit over the whole area.” ’

Obviously, if the schemes turned out to be “incompatible and im op- position,” it would not be a case of merely giving priority to the canal with the causeway to follow (which strikes us as odd enough), but of the — canal to the exclusion of the cause-

| way. Mr. Wardell now explains that

the reference was to the possibility

_of physical-obstruction by the cause-

way to ships using the canal, which

‘could be remedied by altering the

causeway plans; but we find no such reference in his editorial. He says the canal and causeway were both listed

among “the four things first needed

by the four provinces” ; but this must have been in an earlier issue of the Advocate. We do not find it in our

+* March copy. Instead, we find an

article headed “Report on Chignecto”, emphasizing the overriding impor- tance of the canal and ending on this note:

“Several major projects, the Chignecto canal, the tidal power de- velopments, the Prince. Edward Is- land causeway and Newfoundland harbor schemes, have been mention- ed from time to time. It is unreason- able to expect the Canadian economy to support at one time the huge cap- ital expenditures involved in all these projects. So rather than dissipating the efforts it would seem to be in the best interests of the Maritime Pro- vinces if they agreed among them- selves to list these projects in pri- ority.”

If that is not raising the cost is- sue as a reason for giving the canal scheme priority, we should like to know what it means. In any case, the whole argument is fallacious, for the canal would not, we maintain, be as advantageous to the Maritimes as the causeway project. Certainly not to this Province, or to the neighbor-. ing part of New Brunswick. Certai not to Nova Scotia, which t would turn into an island, wi

of “first things first,” at a time when the final report of the cause- way survey is about to be tabled in Parliament, the Advocate has shown where its interests lie. If we have felt obliged to repudiate its cam- paign, it is because it claims to speak for the whole Atlantic Provinces. We do not think it has any right to do that in this case, even with the qualifying statements we now have from the editor and publisher.

EDITORIAL NOTES

‘Dr. Watson Kirkconnell, head of Acadia University, has stated that he has no desire to become Minister for External Affairs. He did not say, however, that he would refuse the post if were offered to him; so we don't really know what his attitude would be in that unlikely event.

- * *

Chinese Communist officials have charged that the. Indian town of Kamilpong on the Tibetan border is the “commanding centre” of the Ti- betan rebellion. It seems likely that this will be an excuse for taking over the territory, an important trading centre, which the Chinese would like to have for their own use.

* + o

Mr. Lester B. Pearson has found time to write another book on world affairs. It is called “Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age” and will be publish- ed some time this month by Harvar: University Press. The book is made up of the Clayton Lectures that Mr Pearson gave at the Fletcher Schoo] of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts Uni-

versity.

* s s

If you are getting up in years but still want to remain active and feel only half your age, buy a farm and work it. That is the advice of Enos Slaughter, noted baseball player of the Yankees. Mr. Slaughter practises what he. preaches. When he is not playing ball or in training he works his 165 acre farm at Rox- boro, N.C. He says that buying the farm was the greatest investment he ever made. —

* . .

There is money to be made in making money, according to United States Treasury officials. They have revealed that. the Government. will make a profit of $40 million on the coins it turns out in the fiscal year beginning July 1. Profit is made be- cause the metal that goes into the coins costs much less than their face_| value. Only 12 cents worth of meta: is needed for every $1 worth of nickels.

Ui

\ Zan ~

(ij

. THE RED INK SPOTS

Last week the Royal Canad- ian Air Force marked the end of its first 35 years of operation. It was on April 1, 1924, that the prefix ‘‘Royal’’ was added to the tithe of the Canadian Air Force and the nonpermanent, non-pro- fessional CAF became a perman- ent part of the defence establish- ment with an approved strength of 68 officers and 307 airmen. Y The RCAF’s 35th birthday comes in a year of decision and transition in Canadian aviation. While the introduction of jet air- liners is transforming the civ- ilian aviation picture, the devel- opment of missiles is having an even more revolutionary effect in the military field.

Already this year, the Cana- dian Government has decided a- gainst further development and production of the Arrow inter- ceptor, which had been destined for the RCAF’s nine home de- fence squadrons and, perhaps,

PUBLIC FORUM

CAUSEWAY AND CANAL

Sir,—I have read your editorial “We Have Priority” in The Guardian of March 28.

You quote The Atlantie Advocate in saying that the Northumberland Strait Causeway and the Chignecto Canal are in- compatible and that it would be unreasonable to expect the Can- adian economy to finance both.

The Atlantic nothing of the sort.

What it did say was that the Causeway might defeat the con- ception of a sea lane from Fundy to the St. Lawrence Scaway. If that were so, then, in the interest of both Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the canal must have the right cf way. We were referring to the possibility of physical not financial incom- patibility: the danger that tie causeway stretching across the Strait would obstruct or delay ships. :

As to the “Canada can’t afford it” argument, we went on to re- fute it. :

The possibility of ohysical ob- struction by the causeway to the ships using the canal is a very real danger in the opinion of competent engineers. Obviously, provision is being made for pas- sage of ships through the cause- way; but the design of tl.e caure- way at present contemplated may not take account of the greatly increased sea traffic resulting from the canal. A method of pas- sage which might suffice for the occasional vessels using North- umberland Strait might be ob- structive to a busy seaway for which uninterrupted/pa\ssage without delay would be essential.

If the proposed causewz2y as now contemplated is likely to prove an obstruction to the sea- way, the planning of the cause- way must be altered in the earli- est stages. The: causeway must eliminate its obstructiveness to the seaway because the seaway cannot avoid passing through the line of the causeway.

We have not said that there is incompatibility. We have said there may be, and now is the time to consider it and, if it ex ists, remove it.

Far from arguing thai there should not be a causeway, we listed both canal and causeway among the four things first necd- ed by the four provinces. An article advocating the causeway was in the first issue\of The ane Advocate and it has

n a constantly recurri in the magazine. wie

In the interest of truth 1-shall

be glad if you will publish this

lettér. « Yours faithfulfy, THE ATLANTIC ADVOCATE Michael Wardell

sher Fredericton, N.B.

a

(Comment on this letter ap- pears- in ‘today’s ediiorial col-

umns.—Ed. G.).

The RCAF’s 35 Years

Montreal Gazette

for some of the 12 squadrons of Canada’s First Air Division in Europe.

AMERICAN MISSILES

Instead, Canada is is to be supplied with American BOMARC missiles, directed to their tar- gets by a SAGE (semi-automa- tic ground environment), electric computing system.

The RCAF is taking over dir- ection of the DEW radar line in the Arctic; United Siates Air Force squadrons are to be given more operational and refuelling bases on Canadian territory.

All these are major decisions, major innovations. They reflect the sweeping changes that must follow swift advances in weapons and weapons-carrying develop - ment. They reflect, too, the need for some sharing of sovereignty that is required for efficient, co- ordinated defence of this conti- net by ppien Americ combined ‘forces. T *

The other side of this sharing is the fact that an RCAF officer the former Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Roy Slemon, is sec- ond-in-command of the combin- ed Canadian-American air de - fence organization, NORAD. NEW PLANS

For the RCAF, these changes mean reorganization to meet a new strategic plan, a reorganiza- tion which is faced by all mod- ern air commands. The unman- ned missile and the manned air- craft have to be merged into a new pattern in which each is given the job for which it is best fitted. This is the accepted fact today, that neither is a replace- ment for the other; the missile

Advocate said | fand the man form a comple-|

memary team.

In the RCAF, for instance, it is only the home defence squad- rons, nine out of the RCAF’s to- tal of 40, which are affected by the Arrow-BOMARC decision so

programs are already under way. Maritime Command is receiving Canadian-buitt Argus submarine- hunters; these 74-ton monsters, rated the best-equipped of their type in the Western world, offer an impressive of RCAF growth in themselves. + — NEW AIRCRAFT ;

Big new turboprop transport aircraft are also being built for the RCAF, to enable it to mod- ernize its large trooping and freighting duties both at home and around the world. Canada’s interest in promoting such es- tablishments as the UN Emer- gency Force in the Middle East makes Transport Command one of this country’s important con- tributions to world peace.

During the years to come, the reorganization of the RCAF to new weapons and new missions will be a major job. But it will be no more difficult than similar jobs the Force has done in the past. The record of military avi- ation in Canada,, in fact, atmost seems hike one long list of re- organizations and conversions.

During the Second World War, for instance, the RCAF grew from 4,000 mtn to 206,000. from two squadrons of fipst-line air- craft to 48 overseas and 4 at home

PEACETIME RECORD

Most Canadians know the out- standing records established by Canadian military aviation in two world wars, but few realize vast amount of peacetime ser- vice the Force has contributed. The record includes all Canada’s pioneer work in air mapping and air surveying, forest, fire patrol, air mail delivery, winter flying, Arctic flying, search and rescue and air ambulance work.

In all these various fields, fhe |same standards of service have becn maintained. Reorganizations new missions, can hold no fears for a service with a record like that.

The record proves that the Royal Canadain Air Force can face the future with complete con-

for.

Meanwhilt, other-re-equipment

fidence in its ability to meet whatever the future may bring.

Out where the west really be- gins, a roundup is a ‘‘muster,” a tenderfoot is a “new chum”, and a mustang is a “brumby.”

Otherwise, life in Australia’s Outback matches that of the Am- erican plains, mile for mile. The big difference is that wide open spaces in Australia tend to be a lot wider. Ranching families of- ten live a hundred miles or so from the nearest neighbor. Chil- dren go to school by radio and correspondence course. The doc- tor comes by plane.

The Outback is a vast, casually defined crescent of grazing lands surrounding the interior desert where nothing gorws, the Nation al Geographic Society says. The pasturage zones take up perhaps half the area of Australia, which itself is: about: the size of the United States. To the east are the Great Dividing Range and the fertile coastal rim.

STARK AND COLORFUL °

The sheep and cattle country is overwhelmingly empty, rolling trackless to the horizon But there. is haunting, sometimes bril- liant color: fringes of gray-green eucalypts, the most common tree; red mountains that rise sheer out of the plains; and seas of

ured in hundreds of square miles. In more remote areas, residents may not see a stranger for weeks on end. Contrary to the popular impression of Australia as a bustling frontier country, more than half of its 10 million peo-

ple live in coastal_cities and work \in industry. . : Nonetheless —Avetralia's roots,

Australia’s “Golden West”

National Geographic Society

Mountains of fluffy wool—some 1,500,000,000 pounds a year—are saorn from Australian sheep. The annual clip amounts to about 29 per cent of the world’s wool yield

signifying fine yarn, comes from Australia’s Botany Bay.

Many of the largest Outback stations date from Australia’s days among aborigines who still lived in the Stone Agé. The new- comers didn’t have much of an edge in gracious living.

20,000 MEANS NAPKINS

There were some exceptions, of course. In 1873 Trollope wrote of larger sheep stations in New South Wales: “The number of sheep at these stations will gen- erally indicate with fair accur- acy the mode of life at the Lead station; 100,000 sheep and up- wards require a professed man cook and a butler to look after them; 40,000 sheep cannot be shorn without a paino; 20,000 is the lowest number that renders

The Outback remains lonely, but the Australian. Flying Doctor Service has .done much to give t a feeling of community. The service was organized by the

and more than half of the mer-. ino variety. The term ‘“‘botany,”’:

Constipation

use of these drugs might actual- ly lead to a case of chronic con- stipation. Your system simply gets accustomed to them and can’t function properly without them. SEE YOUR DOCTOR

If your constipation persists or returns frequently, you should see your doctor. As you well know, constipation or: the oppos-

ite condition, " digrrhea, might sometimes an indicatiow of

ing your diet a bit. Fruits, vege- tables, fats and coarse cereals probably will help since they sti- mulate bowel action. Exercise might have some value, but pro- bably not as much as many persons believe.

One of the best pieces of ad- vice I can give you on the sub- ject is not to postpone nature’s

jJoall. Sekiom are you in a posi-

AND ANSWER

my breasts? i

Answer: These small white po- pules around the nipple are us- ually due to blockage of the small oil glands of the skin. They are similar to “white heads” and are of no special significance.

LATE WINTER, 1959

The modest snowdrop, whiting in the ice, Foretells the raucgis dawning of

the spring; Kodi: within a

Start winter a conite a-yellowing.

Fresh seeds are helpless while the soil is dank

(Though five new cuttings by my window sprout)

But in a cold bed, where lark- spur was rank,

Bright seedlings even now are leafing out.

| Wf patience be the soul of gar-

dening,

Then should we welcome win- ter’s dormancies.

But I am eager. I delight to sing

The dainty shoots that fight a- gainst the freeze.

Too soon come weeks, but long ere than we'll know

The biue-bell and the glory-of-

Hickman Powell,

in the New York Herald Tribune

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (April 6, 1934)

A most interesting ceremony took ace in the Town Hall, Summerside, last night when Mr. James MacNeill, son of Mr. and. Mrs. Willard MacNeill, Borden, was presented with a bronze me- dal for bravery from the Royal Canadian Humane Society for re- scuing Florence MacInnis, dau- ghter of Mr. and Mrs, Ambrose MacInnis, Summerside, from drowning in the electric light pond on D-c. 29th, 1932.

The Community Club of O’- Leary, established this winter, is meeting with splendid success. Apart from the social side, the aim of this club is to secure funds for adeqr fire protec- tion in O’Leary. The prc ‘dent, Mr. W.H. Dennis, M.L.A. is at present attending the session of the Legislature.

‘TEN YEARS AGO (April 6, 1949)

is conducting a survey to deter- mine the effect on the industry should the Fisheries Price Sup- port Board decide not to carry out a purchase program to take up the surp’us canned hetring, mackerel and chicken haddie in 1949, Mr. Sydney Burhoe, pres- ident’ of the Federation, said yesterday,

The P.E.I. Fishery Federation

2 &

000 cows.

| Deagtie—to ‘drivers. Be

| Everything that’s going on,

right inquisitive in traffic, : the league. Cultivate a curiosity about everything. that’s going on.

MAXIMS

John Telegraph Journal

A handful of patience is worth more than a bushel of brains.

India’s Stake In Tibet

By Joseph

light on Prime Minister Nehru of India.

Nehru for the first time has taken a blunt and uncompromis- ing stand against the Chinese Communists, suggesting in the Indian Parliament that the Ohi- nese ruthlessly booted aside their agreement with Tibet.

As the leader of the so-called “neutral” nations, Nehru has steered clear of attacks on either side in the East-West ideological

struggle. Yet it is known that Nehru is as great a revolutionary — as

“tough” in the popular expres-

—as amybody in Red China a has dropped his urbane ex- terior for a moment in his com- ments about Red China and Tibet.

This leads to the question whether Nehru fears for his own borders. The question arises whether Peiping is really inter- ested in this small country, “‘The

of the world,” or perhaps cov the more important bor- ders of India itself.

Nehru’s commént was explicit when he told Parliament: “It should be made perfectly clear to all concerned that this Parlia- ment is not going to be limited in the exercise of its right of dis- cussion by an external or internal authority, whoever it may be.

_ Authoritieson Tibet are not

Field Commissioner for Boy outs, was presented with Gil- well Beads by Mr. E.F. Mills, Ex- ecutive Commissioner for Train- ing, Ottawa, at the concluding session of a district preliminary training course for Scouters.

MacSween

Canadian Press Staff Writer

numerous, but one of them is Robert B. Ekvall, born near the Tibetan border and now chaire man of the University of Wash- ington’s Far Eastern institute.

Ekvall is described by Thubten Norbu, brother of the Dalai Lama who has taken refuge in India from the Chinese action, as: the best authority’oh Tibet available in the United States..Says Ekvall:

“The Chinese obviously must completely control Tibet and (supply lines) before they can ef- fectively threaten India.” CHINA’S CHOICE

Ekyvall says the Chinese would commit themselves to large-scale military action in Tibet only with great reluctance because of its high altitude and the determined nature of the people, most of whom believe that the Dalai Lama is a god-king. Sere

“But it is certainly not impos- sible,” he adds. “‘We know the Reds already have adapted even their heaviest trucks to these alti- tudes. They have put special car- buretors and fans on truck en- gines and enabled the vehicles to cross passes as high as 16,000 feet.”

Ekvall says he feels that Tibet, without outside help, will even- tually be part of China.

“And this is what Indians fear tremendously because they know it will not be long thereafter that China will seriously eye India as fertile ground for expansion of Communism.”

| The Age Old Story

Blesses are they that have not

seen, and yet have believed.

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