PAGE FOUR

,.TI-IE GUARDIAN

Auih ' i as Second Clue Mall Post Office Department. Ottawa. The Island Guardian Publishing Co. I OIBCULATION rout City zone ........ .................... Retail Trading Zone . All Others .. .. lion: Net raid .

Editor and M ' Director. J. I. Burnett. Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

f'Thc Strongest Memory is Wookcr Than the Weakest In ".

CIIARLOTTETOWN, WEDNESDAY. AUG 15, 1951 liangcrsilf "iiacorum"

"The military functionary", wrote the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham, "is paid for being shot at. The civil function- ary is paid for being spoken and written at. The soldier who will not face musquetry is one sort of coward. The civilian, who will not endure obloquy, is another.”

Not a bad motto, that, to have inscrib- ed over the chair of Mr. Speaker in the House of Commons. Or, for that matter, in cvery public place throughout the coun- try. Especially when it is recalled that the civil functionary in Parliament enjoys a pay scale considerably greater than that of the military functionary facing Red gunfire in Korea. Moreover, the consequences of being shot at can be much more perman- ent than the consequences of being spoken and written at.

In this day and age when solemn con- claves of people at the United Nations and elsewhere bandy about such phrases as "human rights” and "freedom of informa- tion" it is refreshing to turn to Bentham i'or a clear statement of the function of public opinion in the body politic. People, whether in the mass, or in special commit- tees, constituted, in Bentham's opinion, Pub- lic Opinion Tribunals which were an in- tegral part of the process of self-govern-- ment. Their role, said-Bentham, "is to gather information about the conduct of government, suggest improvements, censor the acts of rulers, and. finally, execute its judgments by the public expression of ap- proval or disapproval in words or acts." He was insistent that criticism of public of- ficials must not be weakened by consider- ations of "good taste” or "decorum" or too great fear of unjust accusation.

With radio dominated by the monop- olistic influence of the CBC, the Press re-1 mains, as always, the only authentically in- dependent vehicle for the expression of pub- lic opinion. Its function is, asHBe,ntham points out, part of the process of self-gov- ernment. Without it sclf-government would be replaced by despotism.

ii. c.'s Misfortune

British Columbia's drought loss of 57,- 000,000 is staggering, even for that super-- wealthy province with its variety of agri- cultural, horticultural, fishing and other in- dustrial undertakings. We know by ex- perience what it is to lose markets, either through poor crops or low prices for our produce.

A survey of the record-breaking drought showed millions lost in unemploy- ment, razcd timber tracts, ruined crops, and general losses in industry. Today, 25,000 are out of work as against 19,000 reported by the National Employment Service a week ago. Thousands are highly-paid log- gers, Fraser Valley farmers, agricultural authorities said, have lost about 01,000,000 in ruined crops. Forest fires have taken heavy toll and lumber. operators have lost 32,000,000. Woodworkers have dropped 04,- 000,000 in wages. But the Province is not down-hearted, and will make quick recov- crv.

A Fatal Policy

A latal weakness in the Federal policy of lavishing over 80 per cent of defence ex- penditures in the two Central Provinces. which are already bursting at the seams industrially, is pointed out by the Mari- time Merchant. Should the horrors of wax strike this country, Central Canada could he cut off from the Maritlmes and the Un- ited States by the simple process of destroy- ing the bridges and canals of the St. Law- rence, Niagara, Detroit, St. Clair and St. Mary's Rivers (the latter two at Sarnia and Sault Ste. Marie).

If the industrial complex of Greater Montreal and southern Ontario were dis- rupted by atomic attack, Canada would be left with one-fifth of its present industrial plant, and that one-fifth would be severe- ly crippled by lack of supplies from the devastated area. If the Maritimes were isolated by an attack or sabotage, the bulk of our normal food supplies would be cut off--notably meat, flour, and -canned goods

Central Canada has become more of .i liability than an asset to the nation. It has grown in large measure at the xpense of the outlying provinces. From t e mil- itary standpoint, the two Central Prov- inces represent an ideal concentration of the nation's strength for an enemy bent upon our destruction.

' Neither economic nor military wisdom

. -

eral policy since 1867. The outlying Prov- inces are too weak to stand alone, and the Central Provinces are too vulnerable to es- cape the attention of an enemy capablr: of striking at the Vitals of our national life.

"The government of Canada", says the Merchant, "has a duty which ought to take priority over all other duties, and it is to give immediate and far-sighted con- sideration to the decentralization of Cana- dian industry and to the strengthening of the outlying Provinces.

EDITORIAL sores

The third day of Old Home Week and the second day of the Exhibition. 0 O 0

It is a pleasure traversing the streets and footpaths of the City these days; they are all so clean and bright, a credit to the Committee and Officials. o in o I

There does not seem to be any simple mathematical relation between the old light rates and the new. It looks as if elec- tricity users will have to wait for their first bill under the new rates to find exactly how they are individually affected.

0 O 0

Manitoba is going in for five-year car license plates and has had aluminum mark- ers made in Amherst. The Islands 1952 markers have been turned out by the same firm. 0 O 0

American legislation requiring exact labelling of furs means something of a rev- olution in the industry. It should also mean improved demand for authentic furs rather than their namesakes contrived from rabbit.

O I I The publicity resulting from the film "Johnny Belinda" is distasteful to Cape Breton, according to Dr. A. E. Kerr, Pres- ident of Dalhousie University. This Prov- ince, on the other hand, rejoices in its con- nection with the screen masterpiece. O O O Twenty-five members of the Air Cadet League of Canada at present touring Brit- ain will be received by Their Majesties the King and Queen at Balmoral Castle on August 19th and will attend the opening performance of a military tattoo at Edin- burgh Castle on the same day. 0 O 0 Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist and poet, was born at Edinburgh this date 1771. A long illness in youth gave oppor- tunity to lay up the lore of border history, ballads and military adventure. His works not only made the novel paramount in English literature, they breathed life into the dry bones of history. 5 O O I

Directors of the Dairy Farmers of Canada have endorsed the recent action of the Federal Government in taking over import control of dairy products. The D. F. C., representing 450,000 dairy farmers, also will urge the Government to give as- surance it will not allow any importecl dairy product to be sold at prices that will depress the Canadian market price level, and that no dairy products will be import- ed unlcss there is a shortage of the pro- duct in Canada. ' O O C

Premier Jones was not for wrong in claiming that the Charlottetown Exhib- ition was the best all-round affair of the kind, not only in Eastern Canada but in the Dominion as a whole, excepting the National Exhibition at Toronto. Calgary might be a competitor, but as he had never seen it, he could not say. It has taker.- ycars and arduous endeavour to build up our Exhibition to this proud position and a heavy responsibility which they are well able to bear. rests on the shoulders of those who have now the control and manage- ment.

I O I

Twice blessed, it blesseth him to give as well as him who receives. Some i800,- OOO (02,-100,000) have been collected for the Lord Mayor of Londonls National Thanksgiving Fund, and it has now been decided that this afund be closed. It was launched in March last year as an expres- sion of Britain's gratitude for food gifts received from British Commonwealth coun- tries and from the U. S. A. Monies col- lected are being devoted to welfare of stu-' dents in Britain from the Commonwealth and from the U. S. A.

O O I

Our Old Home Week has been initiated by other ambitious communities, but un- fortunately for them they lack the natural attractions of our sea-girt isle, and the enormous possibilities we possess, an the Premier pointed out, of further develop- ments. Properly looked after by indust- rious and experienced farmers and fish- ermen the prospecis are illimltableg for the production of untold wealth in. our form- ing, fisheries and tourist resources. In the opinion of the Premier one of our great- est headaches is the lack of sufficient ac-

commodation for passengers, cars and

has been reflected in the course '0? red-

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GUARDIAN. I T llow To llulciily Enil A Perfect Day

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The Problem Of The French Birth - Rate

By J. O. FEVRIER

While the last war caused France more material destruction than that of the First Worldwar, losses in human life, however grievous. were less considerable. France's contribution to the de- struction of Hitler-ism amounted approximately to 400,000 dead from 1939 to 1945 and compared with 1,300,000 from 1914 to 1913.

That did not prevent the situa- tion of France in 1945, from a demognphlcul point of vtew,ii-om being a tragic one. We remember the words- of Adolf Hitler in 1933 to ii foreign diplomat: "In 1940 I shall wipe France off the map of the world". In 1945 one might well wonder whether this sinister prophecy were not to be fulfilled in delayed action, whether France were not to disappear quietly away for lack of men. More than from the burden of devastation, did not France risk slowly fading away an I. result of the progress- ive . duction of her population? Let us sum up the facts. From 1914 to 1918, 1,300,000 deco: ap- proximately one million children less on account of the war. From 1019 to 1939 an alarming decline in the birth-rote. During the per- iod 1936-38 alone, the annual birth-rate had dropped to 140 or 10,000 inhabitants. It was the lowest figure for the whole of Europe, and in the course of this period the death-rate began to exceed the birth-rote. only not.- unllzation of foreigners concealed this tendency, Then, from.l93li to 1945, not only the hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen dead on the battlefield, in Gestapo gaols or concentration camps, but the keeping in captivity of French soldiers captured by the Germans in 1940 and the deportation of part of French workmen to Ger- man factories inevitably led to .1 drop in the b rth-rate. From 41.- 000,000 in 193 the French popu- lation fell to 40,300,000 in 1946.

I I I

The problem was one of ex- treme gravlty. One of the few merits of the Vichy Goveanment was to realize this and to try and develop legislative IIlCISl.ll'co to encourage the family. After the Liberntion, under the influence of different political groups, particu- larly the Popular Republican Movement. this tendmcy became more marked. France is of. pre- sent one of those countries grant- ing more effective aid to the family. This old takes two dif- ferent forms: direct allocations and tax exemptions. In the first case, it favours especially the lower income groups; in the sec- ond, it is of the greatest advant- age to tho better-off. Funlly benefit; are klnds:- . (1) On the birth of the first, child, and in certain conditions, an allowance is paid to-the moth- er;

(2) A separate family allowance is paid to the head of the family for every dependent child After

of four

the second. This allowance in- creases according no the number of children;

'3) An allowance called the sin- gle wage is paid to non-working mothers; .

(4) Lastly. pre-natal allowances are plid during pregnancy.

Funds corresponding to these very considerable payments are in ... ',' supplied from contribu- tions paid by employers and cor- responding to 1095 of .wssu. In some cases (for instance, for civil servants) this responsibility falls on the state. On the other hand, the general income tax, or pro- grouivc N37. is reduced to I greater i'.:;r:e when the number of persons comprising the family becomes larger.

In fact, fmilly. allowances would be -13; motion gfecuvamtiwyoxng coup oou our n dong: houaingh npociouau uflouuii or am to in up lr chil- dren. Thut in not the cm, sin! And of all the troubles existing after the war the housing crisis 1- the moat acute. The recon- struction budget, despite the very ted to it.

trucks between the mainland and line.

oolllidonbloluuusiloco Idlhull III safer on give only

v I.)-

part of its resources to the build- ing of new blocks of flats. The most urgent problems had to be seen to first-restoring means of communication (bridges, stations, port. installations and public build- ings), then providing roofs for-the inhabitants of devastated cities. since the Liberation 64,855 houses destroyed in the war were recon- structed and 110,245 new bnes have been built. To this must be add- ed 119,260 temporary dwellings. This is still too little, and at A time when there were hopes of al- locating to this urgent social need a more considerable part of the budget the inescapable necessity of rearmunent introduced an un- t J obstacle. O I I

The result: of this policy for the family do nevertheless deserve attention. The figure for the birth-rate for living children had risen from 620,400 in 1936-38 to 540,300 in 1940; to 866,000 in 1047; to 867,200 in 1948; to 865,200 in 1049; and to 953,700 in 1050. Dur- ing the 1036-38 period the annual excess of deaths over births had been 19,400. Since the armistice.

,on the contrary, it. is births which

each year exceed deaths by sev- eral hundred thousands. This sur- plus of births over deaths reached 298,000 in 1946, 332,000 in 1947, 357,000 in 1948, 297,000 in 1940 and 327,000 in 1950. There has been, if. is true. a slight drop in the birth-rate in the past year. In January and February 1951 it reached almost 996 as compared with the corresponding months of 1950. There is no doubt that the return of prisoners and deportces in 1945 caused in the following years a temporary rise in the birth-rate which could not entire- ly be maintained. But this in- evitable drop is now much slower than in the years following the return of the prisoners in 1918. The principle reason for this lies in the present demographical pol- icy.

In 1939 France was, of all Eur- cpean countries. that in which the birth-irate (147 birth: for 10.- 000 fnhabltants) was lowest. In 1950. with I rate of 204, the is outstripped by only a few coun- tries (1"inland,, Portugal, Holland and Eire) and henceforth takes place before Italy, the United Ki ' , Belgium, Western Ger- many, Sweden, etc. France was once. up to the mid 19th century. a country of large families. This tradition had been preserved in French people who had emigrated to Canada, Algeria and Morocco. It is returning today to metropol-

itan France.

Dr. A. L. Moclsouc 'onNns'r Dental X-Boy

GLORIA BUILDING I79 On"-on SI.

Phone 201 ,

&0Om'0 FsQ.i . Old Charlottetown 3 (And I-. E. I.)

IJPTON PARK RACES

The Examiner of Sept. 25 and 26, 1877, reports the results of a lively two-day series of horse races at Upton Park. culminating in the stallion race for a stake of S30 each, a gold medal and the chompimship of the Island. It was won in three straight heats by Mr. F. Hardy's stallion Jeff. with Royal Hurry, owned by Dr. J. T. Jenkins. winning three straight seconds. Best time, 2:47. Royal Harry. it is explained. had only been in few days in training. and was in no condition to trot. "He was merely put in to add in- terest to the race." The other contestants were Melsenger Boy (A. N. Large) and Bagnolrc Men- enger (R. Bognall), both of whom were distanced.

Another interesting event was the running race, all ages, won by S. Carver's horse Tartan. The heat: are described in detail, but the time is not given. Other horses in the race were Fair Maid (C. Dockendorf). Jenny Lind (A. MacMillanl. Island Girl (A. Clowl, Blue Belle (.1. C. Pope).

The judges were Dr. S. W. Dodd. C. C. Gardiner, James Tup- lin and James Currie.

The races, say: The Examiner. drew "large crowds. some on foot and others in all sorts of veh- 1CiES.:' All the notable: of th; Province appear to have been pre- sent. A sensational accident oc- curred nt the conclusion of the bridle race. when a boy namec Abel Dower was run over. and the horse and driver nearly thrown to the ground. The boy was at. fended by several ph, i ' on the ground. and seems to sustained no serious injury.

I HE SAID NO

f John Forsyth, British inventor: once refused a French offer of S20.000 for an artillery device he perfected.

have

'1 i Notes B);

Thou organisation: which the churches are inclined to view u enemies because they present counter nttrcczion. do not close down in the Summer time. Rather most. of them find the summer one of the most lucrative times. The churches would also do well to recognise the changing of the times. The great popularity of open air meetings, whether they be drive-in theatres or open git band concerts, ball games. eIc., might well give a lead which would do much to popularize church scr- vlcu. -Owen Sound sun-Times.

There's Ioi-nothing definitely re- volting about the sentencing of a 15-year-old boy to two years in penitentiary. particularly in the humanitarian province of Alberta

' and in the enlightened year of

1951.. The boy was on a two-year suspended sentence for a. previous car theft, and that ruled out all consideration of leniency, in the opinion of the Edmonton magis- trate. The sentence couldn't even be served in the corrective institu- tion at Bowden, because it is for first offenders only. The Bowden institution will serve a definite need in Alberta, but there should be some place other than the reg- ular jail or the penitentiary for the detention of boys who don't

The Age-Old Storyg

u'o'b

'l-'l-'tn'n'ln1.I-

Now it came to pass on a certain day, that he went into I ship with his disciples: and he said unto them, Let us go over unto the other side of the lake. And they launched forth. But as they called he fell asleep: and there came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water. and wane in Jeopardy. And they come to him, and awoke hlm, laying, Muster, mute , we perl Then he arose, and re- buke the wind and the raging of the water: and they caused, and there was I calm. And he said unto them. Where is your faith? and they being afraid wondered, saying one to another, What mon- ner of mm is this! for he com- mlndath even the winds and water, Ind they obey him.

AUGUST 15, 1951s ' . PT

The -I

qualify for Bowman. A, sentence: such bits in the Edmonto: um” Bible. the legal and pe "Q lions. in Alberta are :1” sliil enough. .. caiguy Album" 2

All the cutborii or

Mayo clinic is behind "3 ' mom: that the chief thine 5" with women's health L, H? W nervously exhaust ul" lh chasing around after bar mm Walter C. Alvarez, co,,s,,g1aI"si the clinic, gem... ,h.”f"f, spend 010 worth of mm. 0” 10-cent task." we dialling ,0 " Shop at the rarlfled level editorial column. But we of resist the homely obscmm mi SHOPPE!-s iatlsuc could neon mized by a diligent resdin advertisements. The instl”! thrift behind these tediutl f prolonged quests for gogd b- admlrnble. In these 53"” mounting rises, i

barsolm top on scar:-:niie'f,”” .' Bl" WHY due weary imam” shop to shop? why uudn ! one store to another to effect essential saving? Why 1 0” when all the information u mint out aluaotlvcly in the Com5l:'9It advertisements in the :1 mm"

Plinersl -Vancouver Sllaliiy um

GREAT TVATERS St. Lawrence-b d The ramparts or";-Tait: ?i1l8li1sW"I Si-00d guard when men n.-513,, And humbly knelt in pi-..,.., ”'

Explorers. men of God. soldiers and fishermen, VOYBBN 810118 your slmrcn, To make this land their hum.

Your soft blue horizon.-

Your evcrchonging scam, Lend 10 You sweet grandeur. And far flung majesty -

-11. R. Stewart in tin Gazz-tic.

iluuheil

PROFESSIONAL CARDS

Boll. Mofiiieson 8: Foster

Barristers. Solicitors, etc. 1!. R. BELL. K.C.

D. L MAT!-IIESON. LL.B.. K.C. G. It FOSTER. LLB. Loam on City and Farm

b Properties. 150 Richmond Street Charlottetown. P. E. I.

Gciudef & Hoszord GILBERT A. GAUDET. B. A., LL I Bu-mien and solicitor: Money to Loon Canadian Bank of Commerce Bldg

Joseph R. MocMillon. LL. 8.

BAIIRISTEB, BOLICITOR, Etc 75 Queen Jtreet Pl!0Nu! 110 Money to Loon

collection-

Chas. R. McQuoid

ILA. BARIIISTER, SOLICITOIL NOTARY. l'.'lc.. Eulern Trim Building CIIARLOTTETOWN Phone I'll!

j COMPLETE VISUAL REFRAUIION Ind ANALYSIS

G. F. I-IUTCHESON

& SON Optometrists

53 Grafton St. .

J.P. MscPIcrsoii & Sol 157 QUEEN ST. Tailored-to-Measure Clothing Thug Flu. 840.00 and up

COMPLETE

iusunnncs: - seiivicii:

tiiiiii

181 QUEEN ST. AGENTS THROUGHOUT THE PROVINQ

Palmer 8: Hosiam A. J. IIASLAM, B.A.. LLB. Barrister. Etc.

Bank of Nova Scott: ohgmbu-3 Charlottetown, P.E l. MONEY ro LOAN

MocPIiee & Trainer

ii. r. iuur-aim, n. A., 5.0.

I. sonnnum TEAINOR. u Bnrriuen, mic,

J. A. McGu'igon BARIHSTEE. SOLICITOR. Ito NOTARY, ITO. BARRISTER. SOLICITOB CURRIE BUILDING

A. Wolflien Guudct. LL.B.

BABRISTEB. SOLICITOR. lit Phillips Building 111 Grafton Street

lifoncy to Loan Coilerilol

M. Albon Farmer

3.11.. LL. 3. MONEY To LOAN Charlottetown. I'.E.i.

J. S. TIYLOR

optometrist Eyes examined, glusel iliicl

Corner Kent c Queen so Office Phone 1958-lfoolcllll

iir. John E. stern:

VETEIIIN AEY SURGEON

Barrister. Solicitor. Notary Royal Bank of Canada Building Charlottetown. P .13. I. LOANS ON CITY AND FARM PROPERTIES

Allison M. Gillls. LLB.

numisrsn. 80LlC,'l'0B, Etc.

I10 Ilolimond st. - Clflaown. iiouo I00 ,

mg

Ifiiill J. IIIAII 0. I. 0P'l'(IMll"l'lllT ' 13811 Kelli Street I

PIIONB I'll Adioinln: North American Hotel

mm

Olnvlotulown mum Moncton Amherst

New Olnnw rmro Iollfvlllo

comic Illa. Chociomiowl

'Tj' ph 159 235 r Ii 3 Dr. W. R. Carson M M cm,-op.-.m,,. Office Hour- P I G Cl!-A':l..'0'l'I!:g":).l'l7N 3' ”'”"'m'"" 801 Prince st. Phone I07: 4?,- FREDERIC A LAR K c' GE' Mofheson. Peaks 8: O U

Nicholson

A. iv. MATHESON. Im A. n. PEAKE. in. LLB- aonn r. NICHOLSON. U-'1 Blrristorl. 010

Collections - Massey T0 W In Great. George street Charlottetown

T-tij j...........--1-mmT”; J. A. CARRIIIJTHEII5

oeroummsr 1 PHONE 2872

123 Kent Street '- (Noxi to Simpson: Al'W,

J

I. It. DUANE I O0- (ltncllnl Aeoounhnll us onu ooom oinet. 0hnrlolM'”" Iondoiph W. Monnlnl. "- Irina P. Muorhenon. 0-4- w. oum 1-im-noun. 0-0 ,1 Phones: 2000 - im

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IfcDONAI.D. OUBRIE I 00- oiiunuo lwoourmnm

Iionirul, Quito. Oliuvo. forooio. loin! uh r Vuuomr. mmnu ion Ilonoiol. iiunmn. 0';-M”,

n sherM"'” ' um”,