maintain]: of linalireeding 9‘ ﬁtlrnisluiiihbiwerintendsnhlimilnionklilfhental run mm. simmer-side, r. 1:. I.

IAII‘ ll

Q ' ruxnsmnrrsr. uouruunra or nnvuusmua

n) Tho animals with vmlch linelxoeding ls initiated mould halve atmlld inhss-entehuraoters. Male (l) should befrom aprollfio atreinofstrong furrod foxes. It ls useless to try to linohnedJit-h fine or soft fun-ed foxes, or foxes that an poor broedns.

(I) The lines should be until/rod by father and. daughter matings, or enmaoiherintenae fonmofl ﬂfsuchmatiugararanotauc-

inbreeding cusatul then it la definite evidence that those foxes cannot be used for ‘Blah

linebreeding and other foxes will have to be selected. The virility of the animals should be given s. severe test,

(3) It is advisable "to initiate the line with foxes having similar char- acters. That is. Male (1) and Ilemslo (2) should have simular m: char- acters. preferably from the some family o! foxes. _

(i) In general l-lnelrreed twice. outorcss once. Outoroadng should not be practiced in auccesive generations; after every two generations of llndnreedirlg there should be one outcroaa. Only in very exceptional oases could three generations o! linebroeding be carried out successfully "with- cut using an outcross.

(5) '1_‘he outcross should not trace back to the same parentage. In the chart the outcross is made in each case by an offspring of the original mule, which introduces new blood at the level of 1-4. The new blood may be introduced in different ways, but- befone introducing new blood it should be demrnstroied that it. is a valuable asset to the main line. The ou-tcross should “click.”

(6) The outcross need not have the same "characters as the main line, but mould show desirable characters hat prominent. in the main breed- ing line. While it is preferable that Female (3) the first outcross, should be a strong furred fox. yet a soft iurrod female having desirable char- acters in other respects, a bright clear silver or prolific breeding qual- ltla, may be used as Female (3).

(7) The fcxes used in succeeding ‘ should not be related. Us- ing related foxes for ouiorossim is a. form of inbreeding.

(B) In my system of llnebreeding, inbreeding should never be carried oninvwo wooed-Ave tloris. It may benacesserytoresovtto in- breeding for one generation.

(B) A new line should be initiated at least every 10 years. It would not be advisable to cany the line any farther than shown in the chart with respect to llnebreeding back to Mule (l) or any of the ancestors o! Male (l). After 10 years or sooner, ii any of the full brothers of Female (9) F le (ll) 0r Animal (l2) should be outstanding animals, they shoul take the position of Male (1) for the purpose of establishing new lines,

(l0) In every ranch of 100 females there should be five or more dif- ferent lines carried on simultaneously.

Breeders are always faced with the problem of which animals to select and which to discard. For success in linebreeding, it is necessary that s. system of selection should be adopted-tire system not the in- dividual selects the, foxes. Here again it is not considered advisable to present the voluminous experimental data. involved in the building up of u system of selection, but one has been built up as the results of definite experimental work in which the different alternatives have been tried. For ccnvenience the extremes of the individual characters are presented It) that the inexperienced fox breeders can readily see the sltematlves in the individual characters. While it is more nmdamente] to adopt a system than to work without one, yet with the system the judgment of the breeder ls an important factor. A system of selection is herewith presented and preference should always be given to the strong characters in the upper groups; it is more than doubly import- snt to eliminate the week alternatives given in the upper grsups. The weak alternatives in the lower groups can be remedied more readily than the weak characters in the upper Swims.

SYSTEM OF SELECTION Characters Arranged in Order of Preference

Select (Within certain limits)

....GR.0UP i ‘ II.)$I.I‘0flBF‘llI——-——~¢I- -—-WeukauidFineF‘ur

(2) Metallic Silver — — — — — — ~ — — — ——'—- Chalky Silver (3) Resilient Fur — — — — — — — — — — — — — —- —- 50ft F11!

SeIect ' (Within certain limits

GROUP 2 (l) Long Fur — ~ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ShOKt Fill‘ (2) Pull Furled Neck -- — -— —- -- - Open Furred Neck (8) Good Mane — — ~ — — — — — — — - — — — -— ~—- P001’ Mil-ll!

A Chapter In Our ‘ Island History

Tout‘ of a lecture delivered by ‘h! V"! ‘luv. Dr. McDonald In the Market Hall. at Char- lottatovvn. (In Jln. 27, I881.

(Oontiued from yesterday's

Guardian) Although Ewen Ban McEachm-n, the venerable father of Biaho? Mc- Ischern. came out with Dennis dale emigrants in i772 with all his family except Angus. the future op. who was at the time a student at Vsllsdolid. Bpain. Father ern h 1f did not come until nearly twenty years later; so that from the lamented death of Father James McDonald til] the arrival or young mum McEach- ern. the Catholics of the Island had no resident prfeat among them. The McEwcherns. it appears. were among those who did not remain mo"? time on the ‘Iracadie u- I shall not attern t to ive o life and times of pthc ﬁrmmﬁ, Bishop McEaohern, who was really the most remarkable man that ever came this Colony. In the first; Place. it does not come within the scope of my present lecture. and secondly. I am not sufficiently well epu-ad with dates and figures. do t-he subject ﬂustice. It would of itself afford an ample field m1- ! lecture. or rather a. volume, and I would, as I have said, be only doing an injustice to the memory and missionary career of s great and good man by giving mere im- penfect scraps.

Oi’ those who purchased lands outside of the ‘Irscadie estate Just after their arrival here, mention Domnhal McAnoas orig- irially from Allisary, near Loch Av]- art. in Inverriesshlre. Scotland. Ho purchased s. tract of land on t-he Aouth aide of the Hillsbor h River. Lot: 3'1. and settled on t, which is sill] occupied by his des- cendants. He had four sons. John, Ahzus. APun and James, and sev- eral daughters. The late Bishop McDonald Chggrlottctown was his grandson.

I may here obsqve that the bay around which Glenalgdalek people first settled was. in the time of the French. called acodle. and as this latter name as survived all the changes of colonization’ I shall use ft now in preference to any other.

About or near the same time. Jan MacThemas settled on the east side of Psduid River. on a tract of land which he called Apple Valley. from the number of apple trees still remaining in that neigh- borhood from the time of the ‘Wrench. Domnhul MpoAllster set- tled on lands adjoining him, and called the place lderfleld. and Domnhul McRaol. originally of ‘BOr-niah. South Ulst. settled still with“ 11D the river. and called he place Bomlsh, after the time. honored homestead o} his worthy

is still occupied by their direct descendants. now in the i-hlrd and fourth generation.

Of the two brothers of the Rev. James McDonald, the one. Rao], lrucRoal, Ronald. the son of Ron- slgkpgghased a. tract of land

ference river the silver’ area. If on the other hand in the above case,

‘ f . _V\.

7)» 1150112‘ lﬂer i2 Grit/i llﬁb Lin} hY/s

- ; "t: 1x:

A» Valle! gIﬂ-heae sons Augustine, James and John remained in Grand Tra adia, where many of their descend- ts still reside. Alexander settled

aboutthesame time gtMs la Hill. Lotomsndaettledoulbwilethe other brother Donald settled in ‘rracadle. They were both blessed with large families. Ronald had five sons. James. Ronald. Al

er, Olemmy.

Clementine. Bobiaskie.

and more especial] after the vain. rash attempt of lementine-‘s eld- est son to regain the throne of his royal ancestors, Olemmy, as wall as Nancy. and Flora, Peggy. and Nelly, were for a. long time favorite names in many ol High- land families. Of course such names as those would now-a-dsys be con- sidered vulgar, and must give place to Wilhelmina and n e and Llbbie and Eddie, and Flddlende- d!»

youngest d s special vocation for a. seafaring life. and they stood high as master mariners. The osp- tain and first. and second mate, of- ficers of the ilrfated ship "County of Richmond". loat s few weeks ago (1801) off the coast or America, were the Irlndelmildren of Alexan- Anoihar son of Domnhul Mac- Raol. Ronald. settled in Bod M. when his descendants atll] re do. The Rev. Ronald Bernard MoDon. aid, Danie] H. McDonald. Esq». di- rector of the Summer-side Bank; the Hon. John A. McDonald. Speaker of the House of Assembly. and their cousin Angus Mwvneld- Esq. Bedaque. are the andchild-

gm of Rpmsld, who set there. 1 am well aware that the fore- im act in many g, g found fault with for having psaaed too lightly over names that min-ht vary iustly have demanded a fuller- notice st my hands. my only I] 9h terlala to

Pioneer Education

in reference to Ronald who set- tled at Maple Hill, I shall make but one or two remarks. He always managed mainly thropgh his own ener and influen , no doub at no little no fice, w keep u a good school» at Maple Hill, and is school was attended not only by the children from the new set- tlements of Aliaary end Pisduid, but McDonald of Glenaladsle also sent his children in twos and threes, as they grew up, to board at McDonald's, in order to attend always kept on his premises. more, the lato Mrs. McDonne]. who was the eldest of Glenaladaleh children, loved w talk over the good old imas when the-a mere child-was placed in charge of Mrs. McDonald of Maple Hill, in order to atten school. Bho often told me that of r Mrs. Mc- Donald had been sometimes obliged in reprimand her. which she very honestly confessed she

van I am i 6 fireside conversation that used to pass between my late father and his many intelligent and ever wel- comed guesia, to which in the days of my childhood and boyhood, often listened with the liveliest in-

meat.

I also derived c good deal of in- formation. more recently, on those matters from the late Mrs. Mo- Donald of Bear River, ma. Mo- Donell and the late Mrs. Irving, be— sides what: I could glean from the ‘Sootochivuicv...’ To have woven the raw material thus derived into a highly wrought web was, how- ever. a task that required a more gifted head and hand than your humble servant can lay claim to

(To be concluded)

sometimes richly deserved. she could for many days utter. apply no bet epithet in Mrs. McDonald than the cal- lich chrosta", or the cross old woman-

Besides Flora, her brothers Don- ald. William, John nd Roderick attended the school t ere. in their tum, according as they grew up.

en we onsi er the aterlln character, the thorough] and finished gentleman aladale was. and that. with his aotical knowledge the world

e entrusted his chi] rcn at such a. tender age, and that for s num-

N0 APPEATITE?

MoDonad of Maple Hill, we must out 0f

naturally come to the conclusion YOU cannot‘ ﬁght that Raol MacRaol and his wifa ‘ (h; but], n; we" 9' wonh-‘t’ mm?“- _ life and hold your Blather James McDonald: other o“, i; m, do m, brother. Donald, settl in Grand [u] "l; d ‘lracadie. He also ha s family of .. e n“ “f”, five sons: Ronald, Alexander I’ ipy" d Y“ °°. Augustine, John and James, and I Y“ {"1} m‘? ‘I’? be eve but one daughter, Helen. 6"‘ ° "IMF" the lute ma. Alex. McDonald of PM“ likdl"! Discovery. It stimu-

I h m unl- r» 1......»- ...§'§i....'.....°. .19!’

educa t Glen-

the small male has strong fur and the larger one weaker fur, the aelec-

I Today's ShortWava Radio Program

ruaans! nauuanr :1 ' m. roux

: . u-Qsrad th ltaies (vi: pifumm-I "vtvuxIl-t m

m.,) .18 0:00 _p.m.-'Ihe mueum of Odloal History 1n Berlln- 1ND. 18.4 m., 11.7‘! m . IOIINI All! 5:15 map-Musics] Naway. WI: XAD, 1.4 m. 9.110 mcl. coupon 0:80 .m.—"Msnon" Opera y J. Massen . 650.193! m. 15.18 megs 08D. 25.8 m., nﬁie ; £550. at: grannies m .; . m. . m . a bonsrsdr 7:00I£m.—Newa-aerviee in mg- llah. ‘N, 32.8 m., 9.12 meg. BOSTON

7:80 p.m.--Round Table on American Public l-‘olity. WIXAL, 40.6 m., 6.04 meg.

- OAR-AC

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ROM 1:30 p.m. - "Empire Notes?’ Tuesday Symphonies. 2R0, 25.4 m., 11.01 rneg.; IRE‘, 30.5 m., 9.88 1mg

' "seam

M18! IAII- I.

Ml- Iaael J. - demonstrator far Ilia uepsnusut ofIIsharIsaoIOttaImwIIoDto glve a autos of addresses in con- nection with the loath ‘naming Schema.

Orchestra. 9:00 p.111. n Carnival OI.

- ﬁn . III - roafvoosi a a so ' or: I‘

ones , ‘ 080,81! m,‘0.58

TOKYO .m.—A Talk In Emglish. 4 . ‘ 81.5 m., 9.51 meg.

4 m., 11.80 meg. ' . I

8:15 p JZJ, as.

Dorothy Dix's Letter Box

' “isiutmileﬂ in»... ydq» a: b r lulss bur-J married a man whose rather died when ha w adtouaumeuhesugportofhismomer

or or his life. as av halve demanded a; possible, even when they know he had in sacriﬁce nooeaai

t are their demands that we bum ‘nova: able

or: Ioertalnlydo. Yqurhudaand forherinthe futumoitiier oﬂniteailowsnoasalmcmbwt n0l aﬂ “his . of iustasoapeble su ageis. Itianokindnesstoh . ntheoontrary it atundonherownfeetand It is curious how mothers omewlldtoanothor

ﬁbilldiﬂl hisown the was! erto geringolmy willboaegihemakintofherto

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ouucu ,e\vtsvou guoiuut ASYOU LIKE u §

. . 111.. . me . ' Oustoma mu as 4 u r1 nnlnnovnn ' I p.m.- Happy Program.

WIN CHICAGO BIKE RACE ‘I

OEIDAGO, Rb Gus Killian of Germany and Bobby Kenosba, Wis,

4 . Cli 0 ., " '

hi.‘ ' 51.2; ..'.' .;5..i":£.i" £311.: It an l I .

DI-IPIQCI’! r113.- IsﬁIeulypiIeﬁ-rxd-ZIIII sharpened my ltrlllll and helped me in uvevy way. I mined Iess pounds In val hr and felt as I as m1." luv l: in llqul Iron your qrugglst today.

tlon would be reversed, but even in that case there ls a. certain amount of leeway and consideration mrust be given to the relative difference of the ocnfonnatron of the foxes and the relative difference in the strength of the fur. I! the difference in the relative strength of the fur was small, while the relative difference in the conformation was great, then

my man. € ut n? mother won't bee: GROUP ’ Who. shall do? m mg]. Litter Prcductlrn - - - - - - - Lower litter Production E ' m Good Mating Qualities - - - - ~ - -- Poor Maud; Qualities

(3) Polygamous Males — — — — - — - - — monogamous or ssblsu

Group 4 (l) Broad and Fiat Poll s. Forehead —R.ound a Narrow Poll a " (2) Long Chest or Barrel — — — — - — —- Out-off Ghost or Barrel (s) Wilde uimi - — — — - - - — — — — - - ~— Narrow Girth (4)1ongBcdy—-——---—-- - — — — — — --B1ortBody

t. a

GROUP I (1) Olear Silver — — — — — — — — — — — — ~ — —- Muddy SUV“ (ii) Long Black Tipped silver - - -- — — Short Black Tipped Silver (a) Wide Silver Bar — — — — ~ — — — — —- - — Narrow Silver Bot‘

V GROUP 6

(i) Dense ﬁlver Hairs — — — — — — — -— —- Scattered Silver Hairs (a) Tightly rurreo — - - — — — — — — — — — - Open rurred (S) Well FUfNd Butts — -- —- - — —— —- — — -- Weakly Furred Butts

GROUP ‘I (l) Large Silver Ares. - - — — — — — — -— —- Small Silver Arlee. (2) Narrow Belly Strip — - '- ~ — — — - — -- Wide Belly Strip (8)Deep1I\illSrldes-———- — ~ — — — —-!haillow8ides

GBOUY B (n Silky Uiiderfur - - - ~ - - - - - — - - Woolly Underfur (2) Underfur—Ddrk Slate —— — - — —- Underfur-Muddy and Light‘ (3) Underfur-Good Volume — -- — — — —- — — - Underfur-lﬂst

. GROUP 9 ’

(i) mnse Black Colour — — ~ — — -- - — - ¥'-‘-' ‘Poor Colour m) Thick Hide — — — — ~ — — — — — - — — — -- — Thin Hide (allargewhlteiip ~ — — — — — — — — ——--———9ma1l'110

‘In the majority of cases there will be s clear out selection obtained

by the adoption of this system but certain cases will present s great lea-'

way. In the same litters there may be lame hall silver mslce oi good conformation and smell titres-quarter mules of poor conformation. The decision according t2 this system la very clear cut. ‘The large foxes are selected, the small foxes discarded. because conformation has the pre-

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DYOINUY Ilhe System would select the larger IOILMOMIBQ tain limits within which to select and within which to discard.

up, FATHER 11MB‘? mNWTEv PLE l-EEE

MAGGEB I2 GONNA 6|?‘ gr TO SLEEP O

MARY-YOU us-rrsn. co some-rum) ABOUT rr Tom: ‘(OJ err AS one AS

WHY, I ONLY V/EIGH FIVE. POUNDS MORE THAN I DID LAST YEAR-—-

there are cer-_

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BRING I‘I' RIGHT I errsscseasrd. IN COIZ

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BY George McMam:

A w Mlllllllllll‘

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_ O T“ TILLII AFTIR THI. PAR? , BUT HGW WILL I DO IT?