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Covers Prince Edward Island Like The De- .

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Shouldn’t He Be Scared?

We have already cxprcssed our full agreement with the delaying tac- tics Prime Minister Dict'cnbakcr is following in Connection with the de- mands for adopting a nuclcar arms policy at this time. in his speech in Parliament on Friday he posed the possibility of scrapping the whole $700 million worth of Canadian de- fence equipment designcd as nuclear carriers. Why ‘.’ Because they will add nothing. materially. to our defcnccs. Greater emphasis, he insisted, must be placed on conventional forces. His stand at this time cannot be given with more finality, because the whole question of Canada's NATO and NORAD cmitribution is under re- View.

What about our NATO “com- mitments”? We hear a lot about that nowadays; but what about the Commitments of our NATO part- ners? It was disclosed at the last NATO council meeting in Paris that Canada. along with the United States, was the only member of the alliance which had lived up to its commitments with respect to its conventional arms quota. President: Kennedy has been emphasizing for months past that it is the Conven- tional. not the nuclear, armaments that must be strengthened in NATO. This makes sense. for t h e the U.S. nuclear arsenal, according to the U.S. secretary of defense. is “in the tens of thousands of delivery vehicles. tactical as well as strate- gic: and. of course, we have more than one warhead for each vehi-

KHRL’Slit‘HEV QUOTED—Pre- mier Khrushchev was probably right when he told his Communist com- rades in East Berlin that the Un- ited States has probably 40,000 nu- clear warheads which could kill up to 800 million people. wiping out whole nations. What is known of- ficially is that it has about 200 in- tercontinental ballistic missiles in position. At sea are 10 Polaris sub- marines carrying a total of 160 missiles with ranges of 1,200 miles or more. These are to be increased for European defense. Some 1,500 stratogic bombers and hundreds of smaller land and carrier based planes can also deliver nuclear de- otruction.

By 196-3 U.S. intercontinental missiles will number more than 1.- 000 and there will be 30 Polaris sub- marines on station—~—a total of 480 missiles with ranges increased to 2,500 miles. How can such massive deterrence and retaliation be safely and sensibly carried? That is the problem that is scaring the daylights out of thinking people today. How much is costly and dangerous waste? And how could Canada’s contribution in the way of a few warheads for missiles which are already obsolescent, add anything but more danger to the situation?

AND THEN WHAT?——“Some day.” says Oskar Morgenstern, not- ed political economist at Princeton and a U.S. defense department con. eultont. “there will be an accidental oxploaion of a nuclear Weapon, a

.pure accident, which has nothing to

s

do with military plans, intentions or operations. The human mind can- not construct something that is in- fallible. Accordingly, the laws of probability vi r t u a l l y guarantee ouch an accident . . . With thousands of nuclear weapons in existence, the danger of a nuclear accident in the world. is increasing.”

my what has overshadowed up econ debs“ in Paula.

mont at this time. It boils down. 0.! Major General W.H.S. Macklin has pointed out. to the question of whether there is any solid military reason for Canada accepting nuclear weapons: and the answer is that there is none. It is equally certain that the extension of nuclear arms to any country increases the chan- ces of nuclear war. Witness what happened when the so-called “de- fensivo" weapons were spread to Cuba. Such action on our part could Conceivably provoke yet another “(.‘uban shiiwdown"——with the roles reversed. The Russians could very well view the arming of their ('an- adian neighbor with the same alarm that the U.S. felt over the arming of Cuba. Their mildest reaction might be to arm East Germany or Poland with atomic‘warheads in re- turn.

We go along with those who be- licve that Canada can contribute to the cause of peace by NOT be- coming a mcmbcr of the nuclear club, and by helping to limit the spread of these weapons. But there is a strong agitation in the other direction. This is what Prime Min- ister l'licfonbaker is aware of. and in quite rightly scared of. This is why he is proceeding with such caution. To commit us to any other course at this time, under any pre- text of honoring “commitments” which. if ever made. are outmoded by the grim facts of the situation, Would be criminal irresponsibility.

Will They Unite?

There is talk in England of the Labor and Liberal parties taking the present opportunity to unite in a Common radical front against the Macmillan Government. The argu- ment in favor of this is that Britain seems all ready for a change of gov- ernment. but the passing of Mr. Hugh (iaitskell has robbed the al- ternative Labor government of its only truly national figure.

According to this argument, Mr. Grimond. leader of the Liberal party. is the only popular radical figure who at the moment would be acceptable to British voters. There~ fore why cannot the Labor and Lib- era] parties align their policies for a leftwing coalition front which Could sweep the Tories out of office at the next general election?

Mr. Grimond was in Ottawa when he heard the news of Mr. Gaitskell’s passing. He was report- ed as saying this was the very moment to rethink the whole pos- ition of the anti-Tory front in Brit- ish politics.

'The fact is. however. that Mr. Gaitskcll was against a Liberal- l.abor pact. and respect for his memory and regard for the great work he did in building the strength and unity of the Labor party would. it is believer]. prevent any Labor ap- proach to Liberals at this time. in that case the party must ask itself where it hopes to go from here. The view is expressed in Lord Beaver- brook Sunday Express that never before in modern British political history has the loss of a single lead- er dealt such a shattering and un- expected blow to the members of a great party. And the Conservative Sunday Telegraph says: "It is a measure of Mr. Gaitskell's stature that his death has reduced the whole of British politics to speculation."

EDITORIAL NOTES

United States policy in southeast Asia has every evidence of bogging down. “The principal reason,” com- ments an American exchange, “seems to be that we have far more determination to save the Laotians and the Vietnamese than they have to save themslvs."

t t 0

Berlin may be a beleaguered city, divided by the Communist wall, but: its free half is 3 cos- mopolitan centre with facilities for opera, music, the theatre and higher education that may soon be unsurpassed on the European con- tinent. This trend has been accen- tuated by the Ford Foundation, which has taken an imaginative step in establishing a $2,000,000, three-year program to expand West Berlin’s artistic and educational ac- tivities. Through this program. the foundation expresses confidence in the continued freedom of Berlin. As further evidence. Dr. James Bryant Conant, former U.S. ambassador to Germany and former president of Harvard University, will take up residence there as the foundation’s chief educational consultant.

i

‘ WASHINGTON AND THE CHERRY TREE

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

. Diefenboker Proposal Being Examined

' monwealth by eliminating th 9 national sovereignty of the Mo-

A Canadian proposal to stron- gthcn the economics of thc Free World has bccn wcicomcd by President Konncdy. and today poses Britain an attractivc al- ternative to entry into the Eur- opean Common Market while

, .vingtii" \'.‘ll“'l shc would merge in a fcdcratcd Europe.

Th’s is the proposal by Prime Minister John Dicfcnbakcr that a membcrs of the Common- wealth. of the European Econo- mic Community. of the Europ- ean Free Trade Arca. as well as U.S.. .lrpan and “other like- mindcd nations" should be invit-

to a trade confcrcnce to be held at the earliest practicable

19.

Such a cont‘r‘rcncc. \lr. Dic enbakcr suggestod, should pri- mar iy sm‘. to minim»: (‘I‘ cli-

l minate tariffs on a most~iavour- ' ed ~ nation basis. And at tlie‘ confcrcncc. the Commonwealth. hr 7" \" ~ i: n’ L§:\'t‘ :: "v: in scrking solutions to the spe- cial difficullics of agriculturc. of the developing countricc. and of tho drsirablc objcclivc of world- wide commodity agrccmcnls to stabilise the cconomio: of the developing nations.

SEPTEMBER PROPOSAL

This j.)"opo.s.'il \\':'- .irst put‘ forward by Mr. Diofcnbakcr at the conference of Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London last September. It has since been re- pcatod to Prr-sidcnt Kennedy. who \volcomt‘d it and endorsed it. Now it forms the agenda for an international ministerial con- forence which. according to government sourcrs. is now ox- pcctcd to be convened in April.

.\lr. Dicl‘cnbakrr liarl long givcn careful tlr'vcht it tho economic difficullics faced by Britnir ar lo m-onomir as- pirations of othcr Commonwealth nations. before he formulate his “Diofenbakcr Alternative." But his most important motive has brcn his awareness of the desirability of preserving the fundamontal and (ista‘lishing cc- onomic and political "c‘alionsliip within the Commonwealth.

This dream of a free trading arca comprising the freo world bccame realistic whon the U.S. Congress recently passed Presi- dent Kennedy's Trade Expan- sion Act. giving him \vldr pow- . ers to negotiate tariff cuts. So Mr. Diofonbakcr then repeated his proposal to Mr. Kennedy. who rem-ted immrdiatcly and favourably. He ' he was eager to explore the possibili- ties inhcront in the “Diefenbak- er Alternative." and proposed that an exploratory meeting at the ministerial level should be held early this year. including the contracting nations to the

I

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. I QI'IC' ACTION LIKELY

In Government circles here, it is considered probable th at this proposed meeting will take place early in April.

Observers on Parliament Hill soc scvoral advantages in the Dicfenbnker alternative which would not arise if Britain enters the European Common -Market and no other trade liberalisation is negotiated.

In the first place. this is much broader than the six-nation Com- mon Market. and would help to bolster the economics of

ny more nations in the Free World. Secondly. it would not threaten the fabric of the Com-

ther Country. Thirdly. it offers an attractive substitute for the Empire Preferential Tariff sys- tem \vli‘ch " disa‘ocar r- fore 1970 if Britain enters lh Common Market.

0n the other hand. the Diet- enbaker alternative would in no way b9 inconsistent for Britain. no matter whether she joins “19 Common Market or remains outside it. Since member nations of the Common Market and of the Commonwealth are included among those invited to share in the Prime Minister's proposal. Britain would be able to parti- cipate either way.

arman Cummlng

NotWho’r The Lexicon Says '

BY Canadian

The word "interdependence"

i

is a popular onc in the lexicon‘

of Western diplomats these days.

In the Oxford dictionary the word simply means “depend- ence on each other." In diplo- matic parlance it appears to

.mcan retaining your independ-

r-nco while giving up your in-

dcpcndcncc. 0" h a v in 2 your cake and cating it.

President Kennedy is trying to convince United States Al- lies lhoy can do just that. "We do not desire to influence or dominate." he his press confcronce Thursday.

Kennedy was attempting to influcnco President dc Gaulle to try a slice of interdependence by takiu: Britain into the Com- mon Market and by joining a multilateral nuclear force. The French leader isn't keen about the American recipe.

MOVES T0 CLIMAX

Actually. the problem of western independence has for years been moving inexorably towards its present place in the sun. Various countries have con- sidercd it worthwhile to give up chunks of national sovereignty to such international groupings as NATO. tho Common Market and the United Nations.

Most Western leaders have approached the problem with considerable realism. although

they may not stress the point

at home

Prime Minister Macmillan's decision at Nassau last month to accept Polaris missiles for Britain in place of the Skybolt rocket was a case in point. It was obvious who was Interde- pendent on whom. but Macmil- lan judged that any alterna- tive would be even more costly.

Iron And

Bom boo

Christian Science Monitor

r. Khrushchev seem, able to live with the differences be- } tween himself and Peking. The , rest of us would do well to fol- ‘ low suit t

These differences are estab-’ llshed clearly and admit- tedly deep. But as Presidenlt ‘

Kennedy said in his state of the -

Union message. a strain Is not

dent said. "must be temper with caution. For the Soviet - Chinese r'isa"~c'~ment is over means. not ends.

A dispute over how best to bury the free world, he com- mented tartly, is no ground for § Western rejoicing.

It has been fasli‘onable to talk of the day when Russia will be- am» an all_ of the West is re- straining Chinese imperialism. There was no sign at the East

t and conciliatory line to- ward Poking. not changing his

. “Hone” tho Prcsl. ;

own position in any respect. not . seeking sudden reconciliation, f but leaving the dispute to aim '

mer. His word. were motel

tau pie enough to damage

but this was the same Mr. Khrushchev wh' n‘nM‘d the mis- siles In Cuba. He has accepted a lull for the present. but how long will it be to the next test of strength? Has he abandoned all such. merely because a show- down over Berlin is plainly too dangerous in the light of th e United States‘ response of Cuba? It is not possible to lay at he has. Wis ful assump- tions in the past that the more moderate Mr. Khrushchev hu really abandoned military venturing-ad turned to mom“- itary conflict seemed plausible to some optimists. But each time Mr. K himself termlnued

cm.

1'6 assume that Khrushchev will do the wads of the West in disciplining Communist China I!

leader re-

1-. 3'

oily wl the

bloc which likes to pretend monolith unity is certainly in or- der. The West can'uee the diver- gence and certainly ought to be It wihout munch that this is l Ml“; ' ‘

Press Staff Writer

De Gaulle, also offcrcd tho Polaris. is not prepared to sur- render so much freedom of ac- tion. He argues that so long as tho US supplic' ‘hc instru- ments for a NATO nuclear force. it will insist on calling the tune.

At his now-famous .Ian. 14 press conference. de Gaulle re- jected the idea of a huge Allan- tic community “under Ameri- can leadership and domination." and reaffirmed his intention to build a separate French nu- clear force. The U.S., he felt, couldn't be depended upon to

use its nuclear weapons to de-;

fend Europe.

TRIED REASSURANCE Kennnedy tried to reassure him Thursday. insisting that

the U.S. has no desire to keep troops in Europe rxccpt for de- fcnce and declaring that the U.S. will defend its European allies “by whatever means are necessary.”

At the same time Washing- ton appears to be joining

France‘s Common Market col-

leagues and Britain in pressure

moves to soften de Gaulle‘s sand.

George Ball. U.S. fury of state. has indirectly hinted that do Gaulle is influ- ence by a "nostalgic longing for a world that never w s"

a.. Senator J. W. Fulbright. chair-K

man of the Senate foreign re- lations committee, has flatly ac- cused him of endangering West- ern security and prosperity with "romantic illusions of a Na-

. poleon.‘

The Sq ueok Of The Snow

One of the few delights for many in the recent cold days is to hear the snow squeak under their footsteps. Those who live in the city nowadays are not likely to hear it. But people in the . or In the country. know it as one of the real sounds of a Canadian winter.

Why a squeak should be as- reeable to the ear is hard to ex- plain. Most squeaks are far from pleasant. But this sound from beneath the feel, a sort of voice of the snow. heard on a clear Canadian winter's night. under the stars. ll something that is one of the surprises of childhood. and it never ceases to be full of wonder

This equeeklul under the feel may be heard with amazement

a Canadian winter. It was of the strange things that Rev. Ashton Oxenden. the sec- ond Allelic-n Bishop of Moni- real, found worth describing for his English readers. win he wrote an account of In first winter in a.

In 1809 he had come to this city from his "sweet Kentlsh rectory." when put his slxtleth year. The squealing snow could be heard to good advantage on the snowy streets of Montreal in h hot. to «no

one in.

Angina Pecforis Hos Many Faces By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dellel

THE coronary arteries are comparable to the drain of a

kitchen sink. Greasy material; mances. So there are blessings

accumulates on the inside of the pir and. as months and years pass. more and more time is needed for the water to drain out. Suddcnly the pipe becomes completely plugged.

Over the years. the coronary

arteries behave in a like mau- ‘

her. The walls thicken as a re- sult of arteriosclerosis. The in- dividual does not realize what is happening so long as th e her i muscle gets blood to func- tion during exertion. excitement or periods of stress.

But in time the flow becomes sluggish because the openings in these vessels are so narrow. It is during this strge that the vic- tim develops angina pectorls in

' "It is about time London got to-

contrast to coronary thrombos- ‘1

Is. which represents the next stauc— complete obstruction. The typical attack consists of

a feeling of tightness across the ‘

chest. associated with heaviness or aching in one or both upper extremities. These symptoms occur Pftcr exertion or w h i l e agitatcd or otherwise upset. Re-

l per individual. and must

lief. follows the use of nitrogly- 1

ccrmo, rest. or relaxation. Slow- ing the heart through pressure on certain nerve centers in the neck also brings relief.

RM tho ‘ "‘for‘"“~ns vary because anything that lessens the circulation through the nar-

rowcd coronary artorles may ‘

provoke an at t a c k. ample. some people have an- gina only when the weather is cold or they are subjected to prolonged fatigue or w o r ry. Others develop chest pain after overindulecncc in alcohol or to- bacco. All of these factors may incrcaso the pulse rate and the demands of the heart for more

nourishment via the coronary artrries Postural angina rcfcrs to

For ex-

chost pain that arisos when ly- .

. tions about the r c c 9 nl

I 3 ago we reported RNA (ribonucleic

undorsccre- 3

ing In bed at night. stooping.j

bending. or sitting. These pos- . lures evoke cardiac pain ‘ changing the hydrodynamics of tho blood flow. Diseases of the gall bladder. gastritis. and bla- tus hernia may lead to the same situation.

Angina can he s n ea k y —it 4must be recognized to prolong your life

filamentary committee on priv-

‘ been talk. that the offending re-

‘ himself

(Dr. Van Dcllcn will answer

questions on medical topics if stamped. sclf-cddressrd envo- lope accompanies request.

0 "ET'FUI. "' “WEI!

‘ in fairness. take similar action

' Backward-Running Clock

Mrs. T. writes: What do fam- V