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OHAELOTTIIUWN TUESDAY. MARCH I. 1061.

The Legislature open

As no Government since Confederation has held office in this Province for more than four regular sessions of the Legislature without appealing to the country, it is like- ly that the present Government will follow suit and that the session which opens to- day will be the last of the present General Assembly, which convened for the first time in February, 1948, following the gen- eral election of the preceding November. Also following time-honored procedure, the Government is not likely to divulge its elect- ion plans until forced to do so. It may spring the election as quickly as possible after the House rises, as the Campbell Gov- ernment did on one occasion, or it may de- lay until the fall or early winter, as hap- pened in 1947. In any case, we may expect some lively political skirmishes during the coming session, with each side keeping a weather eye open for vote-catching pos- sibilities.

There is nothing wrong in this, provid- ed such political zeal is kept within bounds. What members on both sides should re- member is that we are living in very serious times, and that parochial partisanship is something about which comparatively few persons are interested in. Political speeches should be made short and snappy, and as much time as possible devoted to the more important business n of legislation. Last year a commendable innovation was made by discontinuing the night-long sitting over the Estimates, giving more ample time for consideration of the various appropriations. As for the formal debates on the Draft Ad-

" dress and Budget, no harm would be done

-

511? 1:-ovid-

if the practise in the House of Commons were followed, and a time.-limit set on these speeches. They are, for the most part, wearisomely repetitious, and many of them could be improved considerably by being reduced to one-half their length.

Last year the Provincial Treasurer, Mr. Darby, budgeted for a further increase in liabilities this year of b1,138,821, bringing

' the Provincels total net debt to S1.6,290,386 by March 31. On ordinary account, his estimate was for a surplus of 545,434. Our ..qax agreement payments from Ottawa are supplemented by payments based on gross national production which may bring in even more this year than the estimated I69-1,750. In' that case, the financial pic- ture may be brighter than was predicted, l though it can hardly be such as to cause complacency in view of our mounting debt increases. The fact is that we are at least a million dollars short of revenue for V necessary public expenditures in this Prov- lnce, and that until we get a more equit- able readjustment from Ottawa we shall 'always be in a position of impoverishment. What policy the Government has of rem- edying this situation will be the most im- - portant news of the session so far as our i taxpayers are concerned.

Our citizens generally will extend a cordial welcome to the out-of-town mem- hers, who of course constitute the bulk of our representatives and who, we trust, will

'find the time pass pleasantly as well as profitably during the session.

External Affairs iiepert

- The main function of the Department -,;of External Affairs, as set out in the Hon. -L. B. Pearson's foreword to the Depart- x'ment's annual report, is the protection and :-?advancement of Canadian interests abroad. :xAs all other considerations are necessarily l,-secondary to the prevention of a world zliolocaust, the activities of the Department ldurlng the past year were very 1818913! 80V- femed by the paramount needs of security. l2Even matters of trade, immigration, air 5,-"and water navigation were dealt with prin- ; cipaily with an eye to reducins the danger

, of general war.

An outstanding feature was this coun- under the Colombo plan upeo a million over a three-year

tlclliiieai assistance to under- " South and south-

The mini mum

Writing in John 0'London's Weekly. Gilbert Thomas, an authority 'on Eighteenth Century literature, maintains that Coler- idge's "Ancient Mariner" was a living per- son and not just a figment of the poet's imagination. The original was, according to Mr. Thomas, a remarkable man--John Newton, by name. Born in 1725, he was, himself, for a time a slave. He escaped, however, and became first a member of the crew of a slave ship, then the master of a. slaver trading in black men from Africa to the American colonies. He gave up the sea to become a tide surveyor and customs official at Liverpool.

Then he became converted and took holy orders. He was the curate at Olncy (Cowper's home town) for many years. Here Coleridge came to know him as the author of two beautiful hymns - "How Sweet the Name of Jesus Sounds" and "Glorious Things of Thee are Spoken."

EDITORIAL NOTES

The House is in session, but what is a house without a woman? 0 O O Lancashire is celebrating the 600th an- niversary of its erection into a County Palatine, a miniature buffer state designed to hem in the turbulent Welshmen. O O 0 Of all the new states which became in- dependent after the First World War, Fin- land alone is still free and is governed by the constitution of 1919. i I Q U Without considering rental changes since October, the cost of living index is up 2.7 points to a high of 175.2. The house- wife's answer, in part at least, is more fish and potatoes. 0 O .0 Ah eamihgs base being established for the Maritime Electric Company its future earnings will be fixed accordingly at a rate yet to be determined. Then the com- pany will only be able to increase profits by expanding its permanent installations. I O O The last one-day sitting of the Legis- lature made out a case for continuous communication with the rest of Canada. It is to be hoped that Premier Jones will be able to tell the House that Ottawa has recognized the obligation and is facing the problem. 0 O Borden, quite understandably and in fact necessarily, has decided against send- ing equipment to fires outside its town limits. Until the Counties have equipment of their own to lend the towns in..case of need, mayors will find it difficult to justify using equipment against out of town fires.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born, it is now settled, this date 1806 at Cox- hoe, County of Durham. From an early age an invalid, she was married to Robert Browning against her father's wish and after the birth of a son she gained a new lease of life. She died in Florence, her most beloved city, although she had spent much time both in Rome and London. Her most popular work at the time was a novel in verse, "Aurora Leigh", although her "Sonnets of the Portuguese" is outstand- ingly superior and has retained popularity. These poems, together with one or two other poems and lyrics, "Dead Pan" and "The Cry of the Children" are the endur- ing and classic part of her works. i O O I

Seven years ago, in March 1944, Cana- diah troops fighting with the British 8th Army in Italy helped clear, with a few ex- ceptions, all German troops out of the town of Cassino. The exceptions' were isolated enemy pockets on the outskirts of the town and a handful of troops strongly entrenched atop Mount Cassino. The town fell about six weeks later during the "big push" in May after being softened by an Al- lied bombardment rated one of the heaviest bombardments ever concentrated on a sin- gle target. The fall of this much battered Italian town helped clear the advance of the cosmopolitan 8th Army to Rome.

0 O O

The National Liberal Federation was told by Dr. J. A. Corry, professor of political science at Queen's University, that the Opposition in Parliament could not be expected to criticize Government policy and administration effectively without expert assistance such as was available to the Government through the Civil Service. "We should consider,'.' he said, "whether the position and prestige of parliament can be maintained unless each political party is equipped with a secretariat which can then give it an independent and informed view."

"would but carry to its logical conclmlon that-democratic glory which sees British

they pay an Opposition Lang: to-voice it.” What the delegates to the National"

Liberal Federation cheating thought of Dr.

Is not recorded". .- .1

Such a step, comments the Ottawa .To'urnel.'

countries valuing criticism so highly -that

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to tho ilhcnmicn by correspondent: of question of interest. The . Guardian does not nontr- ll fly endorse the opinion of corrccpondcnh.

WABIII FLY CONTROL

air.-There are several condit- ions affecting livestod which cause our farmers a. very large economic loss. one of these-the warble Fly-costs Canadian cat- tlcmcn over 530,000,000 a Hero on the Island this loan into the thousands of dollars. This loss is felt through lowered milk production. a loss of meat. and damaged hides.

The warble Fly strikes chiefly in June and July. They are most. active on warm days when they attack cattle to lay their eggs. The files are very persistent in attack- ing the animals and one female may lay one hundred or more eggs on one individual.

The Warble my can be con- trolled by killing the gruxlg before they mature into files. It is only by the co-operation of all the breeders that this great economic loss can be controlled.

The Federation of Agriculture and breeders of this Province have my full support in this Warble Fly control programme.

I am, Sir. etc. GEORGE C. FISHER. D.V.vM.. V5. Provincial Animal Pathologist

APPALLING AFTER.lK.AT!l

sir.-In July, 1920. when. after the First World War, and the American people had seen the marvelous effect of wartime pro- hibition. the Volstead 'Act came into force, the effect was amazing. The law was accepted without question. The press was in hearty support. The coming of the Act seemed like a great ship. all sails set, coming into harbour laden with health and happiness for the nation. And then, as the years passed, the trade interests went to work to break the law and bring it into disrepute. Millions were put into the assault from the wine-producing countries of Europe. until rum-running became a racket on land and sea.

In 1923 the Vclstead Act was repealed. The trade breathed a deep sigh of relief and everyone said: "The saloon will never re- turn. There will be less drinking and less crime as the result of drink."

what is the record? The fol-

lowing is from the report of Charles M. Crows. recently pub- lished in the United States. The record is taken from police courts. homes, hospitals, and industries. There are 432.00 legal, retail out- lets forllquor in the United States. 50 million people are drinking and 10 millions drinking heavily. They spend 9 billions a year in alcohol beverages, compared with 2 bil- lions in 1932. Add to this for pol- llce costs, jails, courts and asyliuns. at least, 10 billions more annually. Arrests for drinking have increased 179 per cent. Ar- rests for drunken driving 122 per cent; and arrests of woman for drunkness are five-fold What they were in 1992. Bootlegging was supposed to have passed out of the picture; but it still thrives. In Chicago 08 per cent of all omplaiuts the court received concerned illegal conditions in places selling liquor. In California the report states: "Our jails are crowded; our courts nnd police organizations are burdened; problems are ser- iously aggravated because of the licensed .liqucr traffic. and similar reports come from every section of the country Liquor has hit the home hardest of all. 75 per cent of divorce cases are trncableto drink and the majority of sex crimes are committed under t.he influence of liquor. One leading psychologist said "I have before me on my desk 271 case records of male alcoholics from every walk of life and about hall of them were one- time blg business men."

For every dollar spent on edu- cation in the United States 56.00 are spent for liquor. For every dollar spent. by the Church 30.00 are spent for drink.

The country is not yet ready for Prohibition, but the idea is in the back of the mind of every temper- ance worker and every lover of his country's welfare. The trade interests are becoming nlarmed at the dangerous proportions of the problem. strangely enough, it is not the churchs, nor the long- hnired reformers, nor the little old ladies who are most outspoken in the matter of drink, but the

ages. the police-courts. "the doctors, the social worker: and the directors of industrial person- nel. They demand that scene ans- wer bc found to check the de- vsstating results ofdrink on hum- an health and personality. on the home, on business. on the cost of government and on the quality of Amcriccn culture.

I am. Sir. ctc.. W. 1'. OIUIIN Stanley Brice, P. E. I.

:

I Notes By

Correspondent. possibly a shade morbid. wonders if it. is a sign-of- the-times note that this month and next bring tlv:ee mysteries en- titled. respectively, "Corpse mp. lomatique." by Delano Ames; "Dip- lomatlc Corpse." by Phoebe At- wood Taylor "The Right Honorable Corpse.” by Max Mux'ray.- John Hutchehs in New York Herald Tribune.

Crippled at the age of six. when he fell off a seeding machine, Bruce MacGregor now nine and a Wolf Cub at Casiletcn. Ontario, had his greatest wish fulfilled re- cently-Wolf Cubs at Belleville, Trenton, Cobourg. Stirling and Batawa earned sl38 and bought him a. pony and cart.-Scout News.

Salaried employee who hear the -brunt of income tax payments are not likely to look with favor on an Ottawa report that the Govern- ment may return to "one dollar a year" declarations. under which a man in an administrative posi- tion was allowed perhaps S50 3 day. or more. in non-taxable "ex- penses". If a man possesses the executive ability required by the Govemrneni then his services should be obtained on a straight salary basis. subject to the same income tax provisions as any other cmploye.-Sudbury Star.

The cigarette is getting a lot of .-publicity izhese days. Bcsides the inquiry resolution by Rev. Dan Mclvor. M.P.. of Fort William. which drew an unexpected total of 48 votes with 91 against. in the House of Commons theirs has been published a. summary 'of furniture fires in Toronto. charged to smok- ing while in bed or resting on chesterflel-ds. It would appear that what is needed is more fire proof furniture. Incidentally the habit contributes sl00,000,000 in tax revenue to the Dominion Govern- ment yearly. Non-smokers escape this and some may wonder why they should want to assume a shlare.-Port Arthur News Chron- N: e.

Canadian Education Week was started in 1036 to stimulate pub- lic interest in education and now is sponsored by a number of na- tional organizaiions. T-hue spon- sors. lncludin-g associations of t '- 3, businessmen, school trua- tees and veteran, evidently have come to the conclusion it Le de- sirable to set aside one week each year (starting March 4 this year) when the community will turn its thoughts towards the schools and their objectives, The theme is "Education -- 1-'iverybody's Busi- ness." Education of course should be a year-round interest for all who live in a progressive nation, but the attempt to focus some special attention for a brief period should have value. Education has many critics and few investiga- tors. Parenis who complain about what they consider the decline in the methods and results of in- struction might well, in the com- ing week, take advantage of the imitation to learn more of the organization and objectives of the modern educational system. The old-time dominle. waving his cane. may in some ways havc' been admirable and effective, but

His lhtcellcncy sir Howard Doug- las, Lieutenant Governor of New Brunlwiok. on the eubilct. and is fully aware that the completion of that great national und

few would say he could do much -

Elihtnlld bcdigghly advantageous to

(,',

The Way 1;

to fit a. child for the present-day world. The ambition of other days was limited to proficiency in the "three R's" but education has gone far beyond that. with profit to the community. How far it has gone, and how effectively and wisely, it is the privilege of the individual to examine for himself.-Ottawa Journal.

Taking the idea from poultry- men, who have eliminated many worries by buying their stock from commercial hatcheries instead of breeding their own, the Province of Ontario, has spon ed what, for want of a better term, might -be called a pig "hatchery". The hatchery, still in the experimental stage, was explained to members of the Ontario Swine Breeders” Association at their annual meet- ing in Toronto. The explanation was provided by W. P. Watson. Ontario Liver ' C missioner. -Mr. Watson told the swine breed- ers that the hatchery is located at Milton, and is operated by Dr. Carl Martin, a -hog specialist. To begin wiizh. the plant has been tacked with 100 pure-bred York- shire sows and plans call for supplying small pigs for Ontario farmers an a mass production scale. Provincial agricultural ex- perts believe the scheme, when it gets under way, should eliminate many of the swine producer-5' major worries. since the mortality rate in pigs is usually highest dur- ing -the first few weeks of life. The little pigs will spend these critical early days at the "hatch- ery". where a special feeding program and the use of penicillin drugs, where necessary, will keep them literally in the pink of con- dition.--Stratford Beacon-Herald.

"Decree From Above"

(The following trenchant com- ment on the basic difference be- tween a free enterprise economy and state control is from a recent article in Ohltty's Law Journal by Rt. Hon Arthur Melghcn, former Prime Minister and Senator and one of Canada's respected cider etatennen.)

There are only two systems by which production of the needs of mankind. and mstribution of that u-oductlomcm be carried on. That is, two systems by which a nation can decide what goods it shall pro- duce and where the goods shall go. One is a system of decree from above. This is the socialist way. The other is by operation of a free market of the law of supply and demand v.' ,' the pricing pro- case.

If we have decree from above in respect of production. that is in respect of supply, we must inevit- ably have decree from above in re- spect of demand. This means con- trol of the whole personal life of a nation. It means the police state. Between these two principles there can only be one sane, enlightened decision...A thousand times bet- ter havc a free market plan un- der fair and equitable laws demo- cratically passed and enforced be- cause first. in that way -we avoid the terrific burden entailed in

alntaining I vast bureaucracy and. secondly, because it operates with a maximum of freedom and a minimum of force.

j mmlmmm-I-mmmmmmm-mmnmma unuuuuuuuuuuuuunuu

Tiie Age.-old story

In 1024. I was fortunate cnoliah to ro-visit Europe. I left Quebec by the old Empress of Britain. I most com! table shim 006 1187- 1 was etandbu on the rear deck when a clergyman came and stood by me. We gotlnto conversation and I learned that he came from

He told me that he

Pacificclnan and that he had been so impressed by Canada that he intended upon his return to Enz- land to ask his Ordlnory to give him permission to come and settle in Canada. He was Irish and when in o'clock came, I remarked that the sun was over the main brace and asked if I would be offending hlrnin askinghim to join meln an aperitif. "Bhure." he replied. "and would a duck swim."

We retired to the smoking room where I asked him what he would have. Ila countered by asking me if I had ever tried Canadian rye with Italian vermouth. "Well." I said, "that is the base of a Man- hattan cocktail. and I am sure it would go very nicely." so we had Canadian rye and vermouth.

That was the year of the Wom- bley Exhibition. It was certainly a grand Exhibition. I was told that there were over 350.000 peopl on the grounds that day. and although there were many places where in- toxlcnuts were sold. I only saw one man the worse for liquor. I was told he was an American.

0 O

The Hyde Park Hotel is f... uont-