mars FOUR TH E - GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founded In nun) Autburlud an Second Clan Mull, Pant Office Department, Ottawa.

The lrrlnurl Guardian Publlatilng (‘o. Editor unrl llnunglng Director, -I. It. llurnctt. Axum-lute Erlltur, l-‘rnnlt Hillier.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than

the Weakest ink" IfIlARLOTTI-ITOWN. rurssnnv, seru". 21, lo-iir

T—Mr. lllefenliakefls Proposals A

A constructive suggestion with regard to amending Canada's constitution-comes from Mr. Diefenbaker, Conservative member of Parliament fcr Lake Centre, to which the Governm-ent might well give some consideration. This is the proposal that instead of a Dominion-Provincial Conference, as outlined by the Prime Minister, there be can- vened a constitutional convention, representative not only of all the Provinces, but of all political parties in all the Provinces. It should not be a meeting of pclitical heads of Provincial Govern- ncnts and Attorney Generals, Mr. Diefenbfllftl’ argues, but of representatives of the whole body of the Canadian people.

Mr. Diefen-baker recalled that the Govern- ment had proposed petitioning the United King- dom Parliament to vest in the Canadian Parlia- rsrent tho right to amend the constitution in mat- ters nct affecting the Provinces; at the same time c:r. .t°ng with the Provincial Premiers cn the czpprspriate procedure to be adopted for amend- irtg the constitution in all other respects. "We arc going to assert in an address that we have tlr: right to amend our constitution in Canada as to certain particulars, about which there is no dispute whatever," he said. "Then, we are go- ing to consult with the Provinces with regard to the other matters. Why this haste in one instance? There are no rights involved. There is no ques- ll:n of jurisdiction. There is no question of econ- cmic or social security in what is to be done at this session. It is a step that will be meaningless unless, as a result of this conference, the Pro- vinces agree."

Experience since 1935, Mr. Diefenbaker maintained, had shown that it never had been possible either in a committee of Parliament or in a Dominion-Provincial conference to reach agreement on amending the constitution. He b..- Iicved a constitutional conference such as he proposed would have a better chance of success inasmuch as it would have the unanimous en- dorsation of the country. This, he said, was along the lines suggested in earlier days by the late Viscount Bennett and also by ex-Prime Minister Mackenzie King.

Another proposal made in the House of Com- mons last week by Mr. Diefenbaker is worthy of consideration. He suggested the setting up of a ‘Parliamentary "watch-dog" committee to exam- ine from time to time such Orders-in-Council as were passed where there was a matter of principle at stake and where the question of delegated power had arisen. Where legislative power was conferred it would report to the House and make necessary criticisms regarding such orders as might be passed by civil servants under powers granted by legislation passed by Parliament. The need for such a committee has long been con- ceded. lt would help to offset the growing ten- dency toward bureaucratic control, and restore Parliament to something like its former status of supremacy.

Berets For Scouts

The committee of the Council of the‘ Boy Scouts Association has announced that from October 1 certain changes in the uniform now worn by bay scouts will become effective.

The familiar hat, adopted by Lord Baden- Powell more’ than 40 years ago, is to be retained for all members of the movement now entitled to wear it. Those over 15 years of age will be ol- lowed to wear a beret on such informal occasions as camps, hikes, and mountaineering expeditions.

Lady cubmast-ers may wear a beret at any time,.

and there is no change in the uniform of sea sco:;',s or air sca-uts or wolf cubs.

tierets will be coloured m-aroon for scouts over 15, senior scouts, and scouters in charge of senior scouts. For rover scouts and all other scout- crs, including lady cuibmasters, commissioners, non-executives and honorary ranks, they will be

scout green. Salaries 0f Judge!

The question of increasing the salaries of judges of the Supreme Court of Canada is likely to come up in connection with the proposed elimi- nation of appeals from the Canadian courts to the Privy Council. The Supreme Court of Can- ada is to be increased in size from seven to nine judges and, in an amendment still to bo brought to the House, salaries will bo increased by 25 percent. The enlarged court will have an increas- ed function to perform, not only as the last resort in civil and criminal cases but also as the inter- preter of the Canadian constitution, for which powers of amendment in Canada are being sought.

Increases in salaries of Supreme Court judges will naturally raise the question whether or not increases should be provided in the superior courts of the provinces. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada will receive $25,000, when tho increase is in effect, and the justices $20,000. With the amendments of 1947, when salaries were raised in superior and county courts, and pensions wore provided, the Chief Jus- ticos in most provinces now receive $13,000, the justices $12,000.

"If salaries of judges aro taa low," says the Ottawa Citizen, "appointments will tend to go oitiior to wealthy lawyers who possess ample private income and are interested in the pres- tige of a judicial post, or to poor lawyers who are interested in the salary bocauso ‘it is more than they can earn in practice. The great body of able lawyers in Canada, from whom the judges should bo drawn, aro botwocn the oxtremos. Judges should bo woll onough paid to attract tho but to tho bunch. Nor docs it shin logical that too groot a spread should oiiist botwern tho salar- ios paid in, tho Supromo Court and tho suporior

' WCS

EDITORIAL NOTES

0 Thanksgiving Day has been fixed for October

The Maritime Bdard of.Trade will be with us

this week.

a a a

The new railway rates have not yet gone into effect, yet increases in wholesale and retail prices

have.

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Agriculture Minister Gardiner announces that legislation likely will be introduced during the current session compensating farmers for the loss of cattle, destroyed as a result of tuber- culosis tests.

a I

Horatio, lst Viscount Nelson, British Admir- al, born this date 1758. Victor in the battle of Trafalgar at which he was killed, and with which his name will ever be associated. He was shot through the lungs and spine. His last words were, "Thank God I have done my duty."

Speaking at the 116th annual convention of the American Chemical Society in Atlantic City, N- -1-, Dr- Michael Somogyi, biochemist of the Jewish Hospital in. St. Louis, Mo., said 99 per cent of adults with diabetes can get along without insulin with a new diet treatment.

A new Liberal M. P. has compared back- benchers ‘with back-seat drivers and states that he is willing to rely on the driving of Prime Min- ister St. Laurent. It is to be hoped, for the sake of Parliament and the nation, that there are not mjny like him in the House, just-along for the ri e.

O

In a

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No less than 27 per cent of loans by the chartered banks under the Farm improvement Loans Act in August went to young men between 2O and 30, according to a review by the Finance Department. The trend away from the farm would seem to have slackened where equipment can be put in to take advantage of electrification.

a r a

1" siiite of backing by Canada the proposal for a new World Calendar will not come up for discussion at the present meeting of the U. N. General Assembly. Perhaps it is just as well that people everywhere should have mare time to get used to the idea of calendar reform before it is actually launched.

a b I

With bright prospects for marketing this year the Island's record seed potato acreage should prove highly profitable. At the same time the increasing specialization can be a source of danger financially in the case of general over- production, of soil exhaustion or erosion if farm- ers do not follow a wise policy of crop rotation.

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a a

Announcement of the establishment of a Ca- nadian-style cattle ranch in the western high- lands of Scotland will be received with mixed feel- ings by Canadians of Scottish descent. Satisfac- tion in our contribution towards the rehabilitation of the Highlands is tempered by horror at the thoughts of an occasional, "Hi-ho, Silver!" in broad Scotch,

Millions are spent on movies nowadays. They raked in $69,619,000 in Canada last year. The figure was a record, the Bureau of Statistics ad- vises us in a preliminary report. In 1947 box-office returns were $62,865,000. A total of 222,307,000 persons paid their way into motion picture the- atres during the year, nearly 2,000,000 more than in 1947. But the tax-collector didn't do so well. Amusement taxes in 1948 totalled $13,622,000. In 1947 they totaled $15,819,000.

Millions are to be spent on buildings for Toronto University st-udents. A $16,000,000 build- ing program has just been announc- ed by President Sidney E. Smith. He addressing freshman students at opening of the academic year. An addition to the mechanical engineering building has already cost more than $5,000,000, he said. A new building for the Ontario College of Education and an archives building totalling another $1,000,000 have been started. Other projects planned in- clude a new building for the school of nursing, men's residence, medical research building and a new arts building. '

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O I

The caucus leadership of the Federal Lib- iérdls has been transferred from an English speak- ing M. P. to a French M. P. from Cochrane, On- tcrio, Mr. J. A. Brabetts succeeding Mr. William Golding who represented Hurorl-Perth in last Hausa of Commons. Gordon lsnar (L., Halifax) was_ named deputy chairman. He presided at tho first Liberal caucus of the new Parliament. The meeting approved a pi ,. d message from Prime Minister St. Laurent and Senator T. A. Creror (L., Manitoba) to Rt. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King, former Prime Minister. The message extended greetings and "an expression of heartfelt appre- ciation of the long years of your leadership."

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Britain has had a record throo months sun- shine as well as ourselves. Mctooralogcal fig- ures available for the three months Juno to Au- gust, show this to have been an outstanding sum- mer. At Kew Observatory there havo boon orrly two drier summers since rainfall records began there in 1871, while atRoss-on-Wys tho summer rainfall total of 1,46in. was tho lowest on rocord. Most of the Midlands, oust and south England had less than 40 per cont of the average sum- mer roinfaii. More than 800 hours of bright sun- shine were registered along tho coast of south and south-west England, tho total of, 844 hour! at Falmouth comparing with tho 850 hours ro- corded thsro in the rccord-brooking sumrnor of I911. At Kow Observatory it was tho sunniost sumrnor since 1933. Most places in tho south and wast of England had more than 100 hours‘ sunshino in excess of tho summer average. Along tho south coast thoro waro 200 hours’ moro sun-

rlrlno than usual.

the

THE GUARDIAN,

74v firefifime/r

With his unspent youth Like a penny In his hand, See hlm stand!

There's u. look on his face Like a child that ccmes To the market-place After taps and drums.

with his youth-ht; youth

A5 B- "11118 that he can spend- See him run-l

And what will he have for

l-lis bargain at the end

When It's done?

1 have asked old men with their empty purses, I have heard the tale Each one reheerses.

And on the last page They have all bought age. They have all bought age.

When youth ls spent.

A penny at a fair.

The old men tell

Of the bargains there. There was this and that For a price and is wage. But. when they came away They bad I11 bought age.

-—Loulse Drlscoll. $00M A Old Charlottetown (Ant! P. B. L)

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SOUTHPORT FERRY

Legislative Council, 1825:

On motion, the House resolved

itself into a committee of the whole House, to take Into consid- eration the petition of the inhabi- tants of Townships Nos. 48, 49 and 50, respecting the Ferry over l-lillsbora River, opposite to Char- latte-Town. Mr. Owen, chairman of the cam- mittee, reported, that they had un- der their consideration the said petition, and that the committee recommended that an Address be presented to His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor, humbly sug- gesting that the following arrange- ments respecting such Ferry would conduce to the public interest, viz: That a Ferryman should be ap- pointed on each side of the Char- latte-Tawn Ferry. who should have a lease of the some, free of rent. for a term of years, subject to be displaced for neglect of duty, or other misconduct.

That each Ferryrnan should keep twa Flats or Boats. one of which should not. he less than 16 feet keel, besides a Flat or Boat to cnrry horses.

That the rate for Ferrlage bc- tween sunrise and sunset of a sin- gle person shoulrl not exceed 8d. and for two or any greater num- her 4d. each, rind for a horse, cow. mid ox. 1s. 6d. each, and sheep 3d. encli; n cnlf and grown pig. 6d. each.

The Boy Scout Movement 1908-1948

(By E. E. Reynolds-tin The Quarterly Review)

March 10.

Forty years ago there appeared on the baokstalls a series of six fourpenny booklets entitled "Scout- ing for Boys". by "Lteut..-Gen. Baden-Powell, CB." They were not very attractively produced, but they at. once caught the attention of boys. It was not long before some of these young readers were call- lng themselves "Boy Scouts" and worried park-keepers and game- keepers by the queer things they aid. It ls easy to understand the initial popularity of these book- lets. The name of the author stlll carried with it the romance of Mnfeklng. Enterprising pub- lishers of Penny Dreadful: had already brought out. such serlea of exciting yarns as "The Boy scout of Scar-latte" and its sequels. Nor ls lt. difficult to see how attrac- tive the scheme of training was to boys-for here was a. tumours hero actually Inviting them to do the very thlngs they were mostly forbidden to dol He wanted them to light fires out of doors and cook, to climb trees, and to learn how to read tracks and other clues like Sherlock Holmes or sexton Blake. Above all be wanted them to camp.

Many probably thought that all this was a passing craze; some linked it up with the agitation for conscription and saw in the Bay Scouts a. subtle attempt to foliit military training an the youth of the country. No one would have risked his reputation as a prophet by fore-telling that forty years later there would be four-and-s- half mllllon Boy Scouts tn the world. Certainly B.-P. himself had no such vision.

O O

Hts purpose was simple. Ha had been impressed by the success of the Boys Brigade under the guidance of Sir Wlllilm Smith. He asked himself, and Sir William, would not. more boys be drawn into this excellent organisation If the activities could be more vari- cd and oxcltlne? Blr William's reply was ta suggest. thoo B.-P. should work out such a lchoma at fresh inducement-n At the back of his mind won tho experience he had had ln training young and tether illiterate soldiers lo become sharp-eyed and koonly ob- servant scouts; for them he had experimented wit-b varlaul games mil competitions, and his method had workod. Just boforo Hale- klng he ma sat down ln o small handbook "Aldo to Scouting” the details of his method. (Ho man- ned to get the flnol proofs out of Ilofoklng Just bofaru tho Boers completed tho onolrolomont). Ho was surprised to find on roturn- ing to England that somo touch- ers had used some of tho sugges- tions in this little book. Wit-h

Itobfllllloldlflbhl

CI-IARLOTTETOWN

WE'RE N01’

SriuiirTArusa/

llovslustlso

otsrrrteLY Suns 0F A If! errzcrsusncoouo nioirou You MAY FIND l1’

Asil lls

SEPTEMBER 27, 1949

flnaplul procedure ha|_ been apeeded up to the point that often a patient ls required to eet up the day after his operation and take some exercise and ls dig- charged the following day. If the present rate of progress continues. soon the surgeon will operate one

chase him home. -— Peterbgrolllll Examiner.

Panaonger cure with wlndowl that “even women and children can open" were promised by the Erie railroad at a recent hearing In New Jersey on fare Increases. That la an inducement indeed to u Sill‘- prlsed public, which never heard of such a thing. One of the myster- ies of train traveling is why Win- dows have to be so constructed that they resist the efforts of even the strongest mun to open thcm- We don't know whether the Erie can fulfill its promise, but it de- serves a loud huzzn for making the attempt. Other roads OHRM l0 heed its words and try tn do the same thing. Movable windows would certainly h» n novelty that might hrlni: hack tn the railway! some of their lost Irflflv- -— 305w" Post.

They talk n Int about money be- ing cheaper iinrl a lot more P1901“ ful than ln the irail old days. but If peaplr- cniilrl not their 11111105 0" the odd genuine ton-dollar bill they wnulrl know what one lonks like and wouldn't. be stampfllflll S" enslly Into Iho current counterfeit frenzy. The affair in Calrziiry Sun- day night. for lllSlilllCl‘, could have

and methods there described for the training of boys. He thought of the result as something eddi- tlonal for existing organlsntion to adopt, and not. as the beginning of a new organisation. “scouting for Boys" was his adaptation of "Aids to Scouting" but with g can. SlderabIy extended field of activi- .es. Within a few months lt became a-ppparent, that a new and vlrgor- ous boys’ organization had in fact started ln spite of B.-P.‘s first: 1n- tenLtons. The number of letters he received from bays, and others from men who were being mjoled by boys lnto calling themselves Scoutmasters, convinced 111m that some kind of control was essential. So he resigned from the Army ln 1910 to give the rest. of his life to the Bay Scouts and to the par- allel movement for girls the Glrl Guides. The appearance of "Girl Scouts" (unauthorised) had forced his hand. O O

In a. year or so the Movement had taken root in most. of the Domlnions and Colonies. This was not. surprising, but. it, was .15. banishing that. many foreign coun- tries also began forming Boy Scout Associations. They too had found in this scheme something that. gripped the boys’ imagina- tions in B. way more orthodox methods had often failed to do. Last year, 1947, a Jamboree Camp was held ln France. Twen- ty-flve thousand Scouts camped together; they came from all parts of the British Common- wealth ond Empire and from forty-five other countries; amongst them were two hundred Scouts from Displaced Persons Camps, for Scouting has been found a valu- able ald ln training these unfor- tunate bays of no country.

Not. many people outside the Scout. Movement itself have a real understanding of its achievement; they see Boy Scouts ln the streets and make jokes about Good ‘rams. but. few realise what i; revolution In training methods these boys represent, nor what an important DH"- they have played in develop- ing o. sense of good citizenship. i-‘orsy years ago the norms. method of training boys outside school or work hours was gen- erflllv based on physical jerks and sports. ‘Pills, as B.-P. noted, left B 8118i. many boys untouched. His Ofllsinaltty lay in seeing the need for other kind of activities with an appeal to the imagination and leading to more permanent inter- ests tn adult. llfe. It: was natural that he should turn to those plan- eering and backwood activities that. he had enjoyed and had found so attractive to young sol- diers. Hts experience with them I150 Slwzested the method-group- ing them into small units of half is dozen with one tn responsl 1e

charge. This is the basic idea of. the Patrol. ~ ' O O O

This however, does not bring. us to the heart. of his scheme. The whole was deliberately devised to develop ln bays certain desirable qualities of character, not by a series of homllles, but by provid- ing things to do, and games and competitions tn which such quel- ltles would inevitably be practised. He drew up n chart. (not for the boys but for the men training them) showing common defects tn character with the counteracting virtues, and the practical means for promoting them. All this may, seem to some to be rather preten- tious and even prlgglsh. There have always been some to. mur- mur, ‘What does this soldier know of education? What does he know of psychology?’ Perhaps its. was as well that. B.-P, was not a trulnedl psychologist and the victim of changing theories. He was l man of fifty who had seen how men behave ln man countries, and had been concerned with training some for thirty years. His own keen powers of observation and his quick intelligence were the basis of his deductions.

1t. ls interesting to note that ln a recent book. ‘Some Tasks for Ed- ucatlon'~(19~16), Sir Richard Llv- lngstone has written,