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GUARDIAN

rut-of beu ir use la inn llllarlord a? unsold Hall. Poet Mlle! eat; Ottawa. Ila Guardian vllblllhlllj.cl- litter aad Iaaallll ltlreeser. J. B. Burnett. Llloellh Idlbn Prank Wallfl- , \ "The Strongest Membry -i's Weaker Th"

;_ the Weakest lnlr." Imeamnnown. THURSDAY. rmrrrcrr s. 1M9

Greets-To Education In order to meet pressing teacher shortages,

,.e

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‘many Provinces have adopted the system of

grants in aid to= student teachers. 'There has apparently been an undue emphasis on this sys- tem as an important factor in the recruitment of teachers, and the Canadian Teachers Federa- tion in its current Newsletter sounds a warning in this connection. "Assistance of this nature, says the Newsletter, "may attract a transient group who see an opportunity to obtain training at little personal expense We firmly believe that teaching as a profession will only recruit the quality which is essential to the successful carrying out of its obligations when the finan- cial structure of our educational systems makes possible a remuneration that will attract and retain that quality."

The Federation _organ goes on to suggest that "patchwork repairs, depending on the wealth of real property locally, and good inten- tions of well informed Provincial educotiona-I au- thorities, translated into grants from Provincial taxation fields, are inadequate to guarantee a satisfactory minimum level of educational op- portunity." '

Nor will readjustments in Provincial subsi- dies arranged by Federal-Provincial agreement solve the problem. Unless Federal aid is earmark- ed for education the demands of other interests, better organized and more forceful than the sup- porters of education, may succeed in diverting the major portion of increased revenue to roads, government works, etc. "lt is quite possible," says the Newsletter, "that in relatively poorer Provinces, education will receive least where most is needed." ls not this what is happening in Prince Edward Island, where the annual grants voted by the Legislature in recent years have been under-expended, while huge over-expendi- tures have been incurred in other departments?

The Federation argues that Federal aid for education is a need born of a shift in taxation. Meeting this need may involve fiscal control- safeguards in the expendin-g of funds from the Federal treasury - but not policy control. Com- plete control of administration, supervision, teaching personnel, the curricula, methods and material of instruction, must remain with the Provinces.

To those who argue that this proposal is inconsistent, the Federation points to the Agri- cultural lnstruction Act, the Technical Educa- tion, Vocational Education and Youth Training Acts. Also to family allowances. "Why," it asks, "should we not match the hes-oily allowances with grants to the Provinces on a per pupil capita basis earmarked for education and conditional upon the Province not reducing its budget for education?" After studying for a nu-mber 0f years various plans that have been commended, the Federation believes that "a straight per pupil capita grant would bring the greatest benefits compatible with the safeguards which certain Provinces would require to guarantee that the Federal Government would not infringe upon their jurisdiction in the field of education.”

ll. K. Froo Health Plan

The establishment of a National Health Service in Britain has created a boom in busi- ness for physicians, surgeons, eye-ear-and-throat specialists, dentists, chiropodists and wig-mak- ers. These services being free, "everybody" is said to be discovering that there is something wrong with him or her, and there is such a rush for traatment that there are not enough prac- titioners to handle the business. Patients in some instances are queueing-up for service.

Dentistry in particular is booming, and the dentists have not been complaining, for they have been making for more money than they did In private practice. The scale of fees laid down for each item of treatment roughly corresponds to what the average qualified dentist charges a private patient of middle-class income. The Min- ister of Health is now claiming that some den- tists are earning too much under the health ser- vice. ln order to check this inflation, the Minis- ter has decided to cut in half gross earnings in excess of £4,800 a year.

Commenting editorially on this "high-hand- ed" decision, The Economist says. the “dentists may olaim that they were bribed into the health service by the offer of attractive pay, which was immediately cut as soon as it looked like be- coming too expensive for the taxpayer." The edi- torial points out that the Minister knew there was a shortage of dentists, and ought therefore to have "expected that too many teeth chasing too few drills would inflate dentists’ incomes."

Flrst Reaper

The old controversy as t0 who invented the first reaper has been revived in Ontario. A ro- tired farm implement dealer Mr. Beniamin Both- well, claims it was a Scotsman, Rev. Patrick Iell, who built a reaper in Fifeshire in I826.

lat a western exoh points out illfll‘ among the ancients Pliny and Polladiin both de- scrlre a header, a two-wheeled eort, with ‘a sow- tootliod blade set across the open front. As an. ox pushed the cart, the teeth adjusted to the height oftha grain, stripped the heads fflinrflli stalks, and tlr foil into the cert. _. .. _

The first-"lnglielrpotenl l" II l’ 1V" token out by Joseph leycljii I799. I-llrnreehliie. was o ioiiivgiieliuroiiimroildir mo. in hail o0 root and so devlceteriloyloette plain In a swotinlnetiier all .. "lntoiirfl

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firstipatent for a reaper, though Cyrus McCor-

_into requisition on the House of Commons de-

ping movement like a shears." i we i i‘

0n this continent Obed Horsey took out the

mick was first to put his mechanical reaper to work in I831. lt was McCormiclds serrated knife and cutter bar that best stood the test of time.- After being adapted. in turn to the self-binder, and the early reaper-thresher, it is still in use on the modern combine harvester. v

' I EDITORIAL NOTES f. About the only ‘travellers on the roads yes-

vueuc Forum nu ooruio b opal to the

dlloaalaa by correspondents at questions of Interact- The Guardian does not aeoexr- Ily endorse the eplafoa af earseepoadeata

THAT FOURTH JUDGIBHIP

Sh", — Now that the secret to out. about Ille new Oounty Oourt

- Act. dlvldlng the Province Into two

"my werg the mail couriers — we MI"- I I I

The lion has not only roared but has swirl- ed his tail to some tune. Let us hope a lamb-like exit will usher in an April that will more lllflfl compensate us for our present upset.’ of

U U U- l l

At the risk of overloading an already c ul- tered calendar. ll "lluld P9 Willi 990ml! b" hind a proposal for a "Return of Borrowed Books

Week-"i

The "new" COITIIFIIIIITISPFPIIIPY line that Com- munists would welcome Red AYmY "°°P_5 ‘P m“ of war, is new only in the sense that it ES now a declared, as well as a real policy.

Almost everythirig iiise- is being machine- made, now it is impressionist design. A knitting machine went out of kilter and turned out a crazy pattern of stripes and checks, A London fashion designer saw the result and made a dress of it which made a hit.

In

The Provincial éolvdrnment has_ gone on hie; cord in the Workmens Compensation law tfl $100. is all a funeral undertaker is entitled t?’ be paid for burials. That, ofucoursc. m¢°"5_" ll“ ceiling," What "the floor ‘should be wi no doubt depend an the cvmllfimfm-

i i i

Thomas Otway, English dramatist, died this date i685. ln I680 he wrote a_ P0901. The 9°?“ Complaint of his Muse, the_f|ne tragedy culled The Orphan, and Caius Marius. Two years later appeared his greatest drama Venice Preserved.‘ "Honest men _ _

Are the soft easy cushions on which knaves Repose and fatten?’

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The scheme reported DY Rule" l" P"°"_ld' ing rain in South Africa's dry season by towing icebergs from Antarctica 0pens_up no end of delightful possibilities. Perhaps _if the Africans could be persuaded to draw their supply of ‘ICQ- bergs from the Arctic, our awn climate might become oppreciablyiwrn-mer. .

Prime Minister St. Laurent's comment on a question in Parliament that he hoped to get acquiescence in the contention that all the wat- ers west of Newfoundland would become a Ca- nadian inland sea brings up a sublflfl’ 0f Pl" greatest importance. Such an extension of‘ ter- ritorial waters would mean more from an inter- national aspect thcn t-he union with Newfound-

land itself. L,

n a I

The Hon. Mr. Howe who has been brought

bate on the Address, is_the Liberal Party's prime scrapper. He and Premier Jones got to logger- heads over Reconstruction, resulting in two Corn- missions being appointed here, one under Provin- cial Government auspices, and one under Feder- al direction. But it was the Provincial one that did the work. Mr. Howe was also the Minister who designated the Maritime Provinces "yap-

pers." In

a

The Canadian Federation of Agriculture i0- gether with the Dairy Farmers of Canada are appealing to the Privy Council the judgment of, the Supreme Court of Canada in deciding that the barring of the manufacture and sale mar- garine in Canada was ultra vires. The chief rea- son for the appeal is that the five of the seven iudges who so decided, gave five different rea- sons for their respective decision—one for each. There certainly must be ground for appeal when not one of the seven iudges agreed on what con- stituted the margarine “law- ultra vires. t

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Harry Ship, the King of Montreal gamblers has landed in iail after a lwo years fight to es- cape the punishment he had earned. The 35- year-old Ship, whose bookie establishment was said to have turned over $1,300,000 in one year, heard his appeal against conviction and sentence denied by the Quebec Court of Appeals. The de- cision af the five-judge court of appeals was un- animous. The decision followed a legal battle whic-h lasted more than two years-In this per- iod he obtained through his lawyer Joseph Cohen, K.C., no fewer than 22 postponeinents.

8.

Our new defendes ‘will cost us more than ever before. Defence Minister Claxton quoted a few fabulous lines of arithmetic to show how much it costs to keep ready for war these days. "On aFmodern destroyer, the new equipment which didn't exist in I938 adds now $3,000,000 to thh cost, that is more than a whole destroyner cost in i939," he told the Canadian Club. A modem anti-aircraft guncosts “OILUOOW- erful single-seater _Jet fighter costs ere from $200,000 to $400,000. The price of a tank is about $300,000." '

I Why did not the Government permit fann- ‘ere ro rote the profit in butter? The country loot approximately $866,171 on butter imports lootyear, It was disclosed in a return tabled in the Commons for Mr. Donald Fleming (P.C.-— Toronto Eglinton.) The average total cost, in- cluding oll handling and other charges, of the I5,6l0,000 pounds of_,biitter imported, amounted, I0 73.17 cents a pound. It was soid by the crown- ownoil Canadian Commercial Corporationlo the butter trade at on avelogref 67.99 a

Ilul Does lt. not play a major role In the mouldlrrg of our child's chas- peter?

I iur-r told approxlmrstely one hundred and fifty pupils are et- tondlrrg the High School this year. There ls not one cloakroom In the b whole building; the school ls heat- ed by lndlvldrlal coal stoves which give the Interior at t-he building the appearance of when s man cat. a hole In the roof to let. the rmoke drift out.

and misgivings. after our school mlgiht. be the means of produclng greet. states- men ln the future. our children n chance. ‘

.1 IlIlItnlnIIXIlIl-lIl-z-xi-g-rqag-ro;

loner and dam; away with the Queen's County Court iudge. every- one ls wilting for another "blow- up" In the Legislature. It ll to be put over If possible wit-bout con- eultlng wlth or holding a rneetlnl

the Bu‘ Society, which le op-

posed to lt.

It Ie rumored Ottawa does not. look kindly on opp lntlng s fourth Supreme Court Ju It would leave llie other Provinces hlgh In the elr who are looking for extra judges. Oourt of Montreal hu not. been augmented since 1912 although the population hue tripled. Some t.- 800 cases are etIll unheard and those on the current February roll - were inscribed In February. 1M7. sad they axe esklng for tlve extll Judges wlnhout any hope of having them appointed.

A riiririber of Acts axe mentioned

e. They~ state

The Superior

the Speech from the Throne.

but the new County Court Act felled to show up.

I am. Sir. elc., CITIZEN

SOUR-IS NEEDS ACTION

BIL-For the first time In over thirty years, the Town o! Sourls had a clvlc election In which o. Mayor and his Coimclllors were chosen.

For the mot" time In over- army ygqy-g, thg WW1! hll hid l“ ¢00d and bad points of edmlnlslratloin aired in a pro-election rally, held

Saurls Theatre the Itrldey pre-

ceding the election.

It. Ywaa mmt Interesting to hear - the mar-Ls made cancernlm our town and even more-surprlalrrg to wll- ness the election of Mr. Roper es Mayor of Solute. g _

Surely, m. Roper necde no fus- ther proof that his critical ra- mau-ks about. our town were well received by Its citizens and, d0- splbe the fact that. they show no outward indication of a desire to better- these condltlone they them- selves know that. certain condit- ions pointed our In Mr. Roper’: speech were sauna and most. wor- thy of remedying.

Mr. Roper dealt. at. length with the sanitary conditions high school.

Parents of Sourlsl What. ls nec- essary to awaken them to remedy these conclltlons? An epidemic that wlll take away many of your chll- dren? They would shudder If such condltlons existed In their homes. BimmayI uk what ls the school?

many unaampllmentary re-

ofour

lt. not one of the most power- lnfluencts on our children?

‘Itie temperature the corridors ls almost Ident-

lcal with that of outside: the teachers are handicapped In their work by lack of materials such u globes, measurlrrg devices, etc" and of the toilets, Shakespeare. with all his dramotlc eblllty, or Tennyson wlui hlr gilt. for the use of adjectives. would have to stop and think very hard to get words

describe them!

So citizens of Sourls should u. slst. any movement whlell mlgtrt begin for the elimination of these condltlonr. .

The newly elected officers of Bourls have responsibilities. school ls one. It's the place where our young eons and daughter's are dolly belng trained m 509p qur in

The

world. ii world full of dfeunlty Properly looked Let us give

I am. Slt‘, 020., AN I UNTDOKER

(lest me not aft lrr the time of old age, forsake me not when my strength fatleth.

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Gina

A CYPBIAN WOMAN Greek Iblk Bong’

Under duty laurel leaf, Scarlet I lle prone. who have know All a wwnln knows.

Love and grlel and motherhood, Fem! and mlrttrenq seem- These ere ell shell befall

Any women born.

Jewel-laden are my hands Telluay atone above,

leaf ol rose.

tllttlflflp,

_eofollovrei

POSSIBLE UNFORESEEN DEVELOPMENTS WHEN BANKER T916560" Mc-‘IIIOOS As m "m: tzoaaoo m Fisiickiss rams, sAio not API’ T0 be‘ COLLECTED...»-

Tl-iealls Your. MAM- . swine. out: MQNIY on coon WITHOUT‘ unsound s: Pecrnriorcoe acme MINT-t"

Jusr wile Doss l-It‘ nimic u: my;

Old C liorlottetown

' (And P. B. l.)

IAIM PROBLEMS IN 188'! '

A pioneer orgenlutlon In promot- ing Improvements In farm methods In Prince Edward Island was the Eastern Agriculture] Society. A re- port of the alxth arrnuel meeting of the Society, held In Georgetown, Jan. 18, 1837, makes interesting reading today. Mr. Alexander Mac- Donald was In the chalr.

The report regrets the injury to crops by early frost and commends the Legislature for" assisting the needy by providing seed. There Ie reference to a partial failure of the potato crap owing to some dia- euee. “An Idea seems to prevail," It adds, "that the potato is worn out and requires to be produced from seed. A writer In the Dum- fries Caurtler rays: ‘It Is recurri- mended to apply common root to the set before planting rather than hot lime.’ There le a strange co- incidence lrr this singular visita- tlon, that It should appear about the same time In places 3.000 rnllea distant across the ocean, not In the habit of exchanging the seed at the potato."

A Mr. Braddock Ia commended for hlalntraductlon of a threshing machine run by horse power. “It can be used for drlvlng a thresh- Ing, wlnnowlng, chaff-cutting or other mechlne,~turn a grind-stone, a melt mlll or; grain breaker."

I O

The report advocates the use of e sraw cutter, “as It ha! been fou d cut straw Iii more nutritive than uncut straw although no ren- son’ cen be glven why ‘It should

e

Optimism ll the prevailing note In the report. "It has been assert- ed we are poor. If a, whence the abundance of Nova calla and New Brunswick notes, dollars end-Brit- leh silver which circulate so free- ly among us? ‘Were they not re- ceived In payment for our vessels, our horses, greln and potatoes, end for the waxes and labour of our young men? And wlll not our ex- ports Increase rather than dlmln- Ieh-elpeclelly should the Intend- ed Bunk equalize our-currency?

"Many are the Indications of In- creasing prosperlty" throughout the Island. especially In the capital- the privileged capital-of the col- ony. where merchant: have’ ‘the supplying of a larger population then most towns of theedjolnlng continent. In Nova Scotla num- berlng about four tlmel our In- habitants, how numerous the towns! The comparatively rapid progress, too, of our lriclplent Georgetown. gives earnest of tier uture proo- perlty, although It lies een popular to denounce her, and retard her advancement."

"Your committee rejoice at tho importation of a superior seed and congr tulete the Soclety .on the lrrtro action of a capltal- wheel into the country by _Mr. Woalner

' of Ruetlco."

The report advocates the growing of hops as a crop aulteblo to the soll and climate.

.. U I

The resolutions Include a recom- ‘ " that the ' ‘ ' meeting be In future held In Georgetown an the last Wednes- day In January and that besides the annual meeting, three other meetlnll be held on the first Wed- nesday In Apr-ll, July and Novem- ber Irr each year. with the prlncl- pal object of obcalnlng "useful In- formation connected with farming"; also en expression at regret thel. "the llrnlted funds of thll Society wlll not adrrilt of lte Importing straw cutters." but dlrecttng the secretary to eollclt the Control Sa- clety to Import one or more at these Implements ‘ "of the latest end moot approved pattern.” eleetton of oltloore resulted Pfllldillfiiallllt Keo- Den In; Vice-Presidents. I. L. mewol In, , btecDorrela, bot: Ieernl. Alexander; harem-y- ' ,I.'Thornton: Committee. Goo. AIUMI. lt.. William bflhy. Gavin . Rufus lhettuok.

Joesph Mehttnen, Donald Camp- bell, W. I Althea, Robert Dower, 8r Peter This above-

. Robert or. column Ie indebted to the Mrs. l. A Mo-

excerpts to . Toronto. which were “All!

Imports included 2,240,000 pom. each . rm , . - “l” New Zealond and Australia, m 11,200,000 when In! r pounds from Denmark. Thoprlee to Motlblla ma“

‘woo W.S0apoend,to New Zoolaiiil 67.430 ‘our

M "It works," says the Journal.

Lenten Meditations

The Timer, London

ME DITATION

The heblt of meditation ls never euy to acqulre. and weir perhaps never more dlftlcult than In these eventful days. Everything In mod- ern life tends to concentrate men's Interests on external happenings; so much so that withdrawal Into quietness rind contemplation may even be thought of ire escapism. Moreover, the modern stress upon the importance of the group. In which the Indlvlduul exists - essen- tially far the community. and not as an end In himself. ls bound to militate against that recollection of the self which meditation de- mands.

But a balanced life can be achiev- ed only as opportunity la found In lt for the contemplation of those things which concern most closely the llfe of the spirit.

The Inward llfe gives Its quality and even its ultimate efficiency to the llfe of ectlon. As a man “think- eth In his heart, so he ls." This ancient and profound saying, In the emphasis which It lays upon the Importance of the Imagination. In In complete harmony with modern psychology. ea Ia St. Paul's exhorte- tlon to "think on these thInge"-- rhriit Is, upon the lilgtiest human qualllles.

In effect the Apostle says, as you let your Imagination dwell an these virtues they wlll become Increas- ingly the basis and well-spring of your everyday llfe In all its actlv- ltles end relationships. .

The difficulty of meditation ls most keenly experienced when the right klnd of help has not been discovered. For ruch help the Blble la of Ineetlmable value. For the Bible I: not only the record of God's self-revelation ,and the hls-