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Frat.- 4 rotationAaron
‘ What Price Conscience? The Person posed maple leaf tlag design is leoming as a major subject of political conti-ovci'sv. Many (‘aiia- dians will wonder why there should be urgency in deciding a matter of this kind. especially when there is so much other business of Int-- portance to be dealt with. Hut .\‘Ir. Pearson's ..ddi'ess before the Royal Canadian Legion at Winnipeg over the weekend—which provoked quite a storm of ltt‘ttIPSi-~-\\‘0Illti seem to imply that it is high on his priority list of policies to be implemented. On Friday “sources close to the government." were quoted as say— ing that if Parliament doesn't ac- cept the new flag design, the Lib- eral administration will offer its resignation. 'l‘his notwithstanding the. hope expressed in the Com- mons by Mr. Pearson that wh en the bill In introduced. every mem- ber would vottI “according to his eonscience." This was construed as there would he a
Government's pro-
assurance that free vote on the issue.
Now it is claimed that the vote Would still be "free", inasmuch as party whips wouldn't be employed to work up support for party positions, But this view is hard to reconcile with the. threat to Liberal support— ers that an adverse vote would be regarded as a vote. of non-con— fidence. necessitating a n o t h e r election.
As Edmund Burke. reminded his British constituents a long time ago, I Member's enlightened conscience in not something that should be sacrificed “to you, to any man, or
to any set of men living.” It was '
“a gift from Providence" for which he was “deeply ’I‘o mggest. that it could be exercised freely in the. manner indicated above is mere. quihbling.
Looking At The Figures
Ts Canada's "brain drain" just a myth? The expression is general- ly taken to mean the loss of high- ]y-skilled and educated persons trained in (‘anada to other coun- tries. mainly the United States, and the problem is one to which politic— ians taiid newspaper editors) fre- quently point. with alarm. Rut, ac- cording to a Financial Times cor— respondent at Ottawa. some ex— perts doubt. the relevance of the figures cited, and some even doubt that. there is actually any brain drain at all. They contend that the supply of educated brainpowei' in Canada has remained fairly cull- ,tant over the last few years.
Figures based on the 1961 con— nus elbow that the. majority of people who left. this country be- tween 1951 and 1961 and stayed away were not. born here anyway. 'Ihey were immigrants on the move who stopped over long enough to get Canadian citizenship and then drifted on. The same figure reveal that moot Canadians who leave (loads for the U.S. come back within 10 years.
One reason for this is the grow- h' number at tmnporary thanme £3 Camden petuonnel by U.S. went companies to head office to Im new techniques. In any case, Q9 actual figures chow that be- tyuu the 1961 census And the 196] W. 899.542 Canadian resident:
‘ am. of whom 282,356 were hm. But: nbout 227,000 mime
answerable."
quality than the mom movement. American immigration to Canada has been steadily creeping up over the past: few years to the point where it reached around 12,000 last year. And only about half as many [KS-born immigrants- to Canada per capita return home as (lana- dian immigrants to the U.S.
Net emigration—the gross out- flow minus those who returned—- of ('anadiaii-born persons to the 12$. for the decade between the censuses was about 55,000. but (‘anada permanently gained about 40.000 l.‘.S.—born persons over the same period. This the net loss to (‘anada for 10 full years was only mono—1.500 a year.
Add to this the fact that prac- tically none of the Americans com- ing to (‘auada were unskilled while 13 per cent were unskilled on' the other side of the scale, and the “brain drain" begins to look much frightening. Then toss in the fact that 22 per cent of last year's total immigration to Canada was made. up of professional people, who overall account for only 9.7 per cent the Canadian work force, and one begins to wonder whether the brain drain is not actually directed into Canada, rather tha n out!
Kept Under Wraps
As announced by Defense Min- ister I-Iellyei' iii the House of (Tom— moiis. members of the armed forces who wish to appear before the royal commission on biculturalism and bilingualism will be permitted to do so; but their testimony will be given in camera. their views not made public.
This is better than forbidding soldiers. sailors and airmen to ap- pear at all—which Would place them in a different category to other Canadians. Rut—as itho Winnipeg Free Press notes drily—~inasrnuc.h as the reason for the government's desire to keep these views secret is anything but. a secret itself. the compromise seems pretty useless.
The fear apparently is that l“l'9ll(3ll~.\'|toal\'lll2' members of the services may wish to complain that because they are French-speaking they are discriminated against: in the matter of promotions. This is because English in the working language of the ' armed services, and a good knowledge of English is necessary if one wishes to get ahead whereas a. knowledge of French in not.
It may also be claimed that there are more English-speaking Cana- dians in senior ranks than there are French-speaking Canadians; and no French-speaking Canadian has ever risen to the top of cipher the army, navy or air force. But these complaints, as our Winnipeg contemporary points out, are com- mon knowledge; and keeping them under wraps is not going to make the grievances disappear.
In present circumstances it. Is unrealistic and impractical to ex- pect the armed forces to be com- pletely bilingual. Unless every mem— ber were perfectly bilingual, ouch a policy would lead only to conrfu- sion. It. may be, however, that the royal commission will decide that the promotion system should be examined to determine whether there is, in fact, discrimination against French-speaking service- men. It is noted that since the present discussions on bilingualism began, many more French-speaking Canadians have been cppoitubcd I» senior positions in Canadian indus- try than was the case before.
EDITORIAL NOTES
It was around about 650 3.0. or thmmbouu that the prophet Naihum foresaw present: day traf- fic dangers and the way modem drivers act, and described it. as built he could in these biblical terms: “The chariots shall rag. in the streets, they shall jostle one against, another in the broad ways; they shall Seem like torches; tlhey dhall run like lightnings.”
O 3
less
of
One of America‘s 2 r en Ie at judges, the late Learned Hand, once said: “I often wonder whether we do not rest our hopes too much upon constitutions, upon law and upon courts. Thou are false hopes, believe me, these or. false hopes. Liberty lies in the heart: of men and women; when it dies there, no con- ctitutimt. no kw, no court; can save x.
lgln
I I
WITH JFK IT WA; ‘t’oucH FooTBALL
WHEN IKE m5 m We wane House IT was son:
WHITE HOUSE FUN AND GAMES
OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson
Pearson Speeches Make Good. Reading
An illogical aspect 0‘ the pervasive dialogue about “cul- ture" today is our massive national preference for its less intellectual aspects. For exam- ple. we buy in unprecedented numbers the recorded vocaliz- Im: of Paul Mcr‘artney and his three fellow - Beatles: but the demand for the printed wit and wisdom of our national lead- ers is-wwjudged by the Printed
mpply —— infinitesimal. So it is with surprised plea- sure that Canada‘s most ad-
venturous book publisher. Jack Mchlel‘land. of Toronto's (Holland and Stewart. is to be congratulated for offering hi book form a selection
I
l
Mc- j
ofi
speeches by the Prime Minis-l
ter t‘ “The Four
The 43 speech.
t tween 1949 and 1963, represent. i much better than
{a cc 3 of 1. Peace" by Lester B. Pearsont. t that
An obvious question ll what the title means. The phrasel “The Four Faces of is taken front the lecture lie de- . livereddn Oslo when receiving the Peace Prim In 1957. The strong fmmdatioti of peace and security. he argued. requires: four cornerstones or "faces'. ' these. in his words. are “Peace and prosperity or trade. Peace I and power, Peace tind policy; or diplomacy, Peace and pen-l pie."
WI’I‘ AND WISDOM Mike Pearson‘s best friend would not claim that lie is a great declamatory or evang- elical ora t or. But his worst ememy would have to admit 1 his speeches have thatl reading very they sound.
rare quality of
Mike Pcarsnn variously as The ' even after the lapse of time.
Man. The World Statesman, The Canadian Political Lea- der. and The Nobel
Prize Winner.
able well through the years.
Peacel and vintage Pearson loses no- ! thing of its bouquet and auth-
l I In fact they stand up remark-l I
Our Own Backyard
Globe and Mali. Toronto
Canadians often display a‘ were atiaclicd and to appraiscl
perverseness iouard the prob» lems of their Indian and lekr mo minorities. (‘ominiiiiities in the Far North axe visited occak- l icnally by officials or politicians -
who report later that conditions i they are helping.
are intolerable. But at this point i
come unseen hand falls
the development of any effect-i this unpaid work.
lve plan of attack on the prob- lams and the intolerable con- tinues to be tolerated. Canada's anxious involvement In the troubles of Africa or
the i been asked if it will] waive fccs .
their educational. social. recrea- : tiniial and health services. (TliaL leiixui: projects of this type. it would seem. confer benefits on the helpers as well as on those
The problem of recruitment 15
upon I that. if students volunteer for they forfeit the chance to take the kind of "
jolt which will help pay their un- lversity fees in the year ahead.
The University of Toronto has {
East stands in sharp contrast lol for students taking part in lite
this Iaissez-faire attitude. The, job under our noses is some-
awaits us around the world. This was illu-
strated recently by a report that . Canadian difficulty was being experienc-v
rd in the recruitmeni of ti tncru
Indians.
The task of Hie students. some working under federal author- ity. others under the Province of Ontario. would be to improve
scheme. as the University of Al» ‘ bcrta now does. No decision has
Consider. by way of contrast, the operations last year of the University Set vice Overseas. which sent off
about 250 Canadians to destina- 3 no university students for sum-1‘ firms in Asia, mer work among Eskimos and . West Indies to participate
Africa and the in Canada's expanding foreign aid program. Is a home aid pro-
gram of iititch more modest di-
iticnsions truly beyond 0 u r
the communities to which they reach?
Monde Holidays
The Printed Word
com. research It has. day.
After been learned that when unem-
Remembranco Day II newly celebrated M it full hol-
ployment insurance offices are; Iday.
closed on a Monday holiday.i
the cash payments made to un-
The one great good that II likely to come out of Senator
employed persons are handedi O‘Icary‘s action is that the
(I110!)
Tuesday. the next day.. House of Commons
and the
This il what happened on the , Government of the Day will be occasion when Senator Grat- a little mm careful In future
tan O‘Igary refused to give un-l to remember that the
anlmous consent
bill to resuscitate the
Sen at.
to a moneyi was set up for a definite con- uncm-f stitutional reason and that
its
ployment insurance fund, which‘ useful future depends on the
had been forwarded front the Government of th
noun of Commons with the request or demand that the Sc- nate give it all three readings In a matter of minutes. wratfh that has descend- ed on Senator O‘henry's hcnd might not have been so great If the wrath-makers had re- me the are lev- crn-l occasions through the year when unemployed have to wait an extra day for the cash. Pie-umny they have locom- Iod themselves to the re- cur-rent Ilhlaflm As it weekly commentator
quit on a holiday. In 1934 then Iwill cevcnl ho In
pet-hop Boxl You". Day_ St. Jean Baptiste Day. one or two other special
InQuebg,anddiefn-u a.th “unluc-
e Day allow- lng it to do the work It was t up to do.
Senator o‘Leary can't be blamed for all those Monday holidays.
"The Age Old Story"
“. . . .ii man that Is called Jesus made clay. and anointed mine eyes and said unto me. go to the pool of Silo-tn, and wash; and I went and wash-ti and received night." John 9:11.
FARMERS mm D! GAUILI PARIS mentors)
minute meettng, the lit-It im- portant political encounter
Peace" ‘ t
ority, nothing of It: sincerity and truth. by the passage of 'me
Mike Pearson, It could be claimed. is an essay — writer of l class far superior to his ora- tnrical achievements: ‘h I I sneer s are essays. each one stiidinusly composed in long- hand by himself. not ghost- written: and with every sinc- ere thought clearly expounded then lovingly honed, and trim- med of fat but garnished with occasional sprigs of wit fore serving.
With some forty honorary de-
grees. as reported in the bio- graphical note in this book. ike Pearson obviously has
some claim to the title of the living Canadian most honou- red by intellectual circles. By personal qualities and by back ground, he. rates as an intellec- tual in the earthy world of politics. This is shown vividly
by his vein of wit, an approp- raitely dry brittle wit. often glittering to the surface, and neither corny nor mean personal. If an individual Is the target of 1 Pearson quip, that Individual is never either bitter foe nor dear friend. but Mike i I l
O -1
Pearson himself.
SHRENE AND SIMPLE
The sincerity and honesty of‘ the Manse where he was and raised. the durable values and praiseworthy characteris- tics predatinig the Windfall Statc. keep showing through; only thus can speeches delive- red 15 years ago still hold their appeal today.
His speech on the role of the Parliamentary Opposi t i 0 ll, made when he led that opposi- tion. ' vidid reading today. He called the members of that opposition "The detergents of democracy" and he remarked: “ e tailor personalities create images of leadership to fit our,po‘icies or, if neces-
sary, vice vcrsa. The 'Vice versa' is not so good." Th at perspicacious comment. now
four years old. today goes dir- ectly to the heart of the mat- ter. with a very barbed spent.
This rare volume of (lana- dian speeches will deservedly win praise and bring pleasure among its many readers; among the denizens of the i tellectual desert which iii our 26th Parliament, it would serve as a yardstick by which to measure the pathetic Imm- aturin of their unusually lup- cnftcial orntlonl.
KING’S COLLEGE SCHOOL
WINDSOR, Nova Scotia Founded ms _ 'A RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS
5 v
Grade VI to Matriculation
Syllabus designed to pre-
pare boys for Univeralty Athletics and Cadets
Opening Date SEPTEMBER 8. 1964
Nomi-Wm
John S. Derrick, MA.
Samarkand ls Menaced
National Geographic Society
Samar-had. the golden city of I the legendary Scheherazade'c l Thousand and One Nights. have survived destmctn‘on by Alexan- ,
der the Great and Jenghiz Kan. 1 be Recently, the elements Ithem- i aqu
selves sought to destroy it. I
The clty reached Its zenith as I Tamerlane's capital. Poets call- ' edit the “focus of the globe" and “Pearl of the Mos 19 in world."
From Ito prosperous place on old trade routes through central Asia. Samarka‘nd has witnessed the rise and fall of many civiliz- i ations. the National Geographic l Society says. It has become in
times. a major econo-
mic and educational center oil
the Soviet Unlon'l southerly re- 9 public. Uzbek.
pulatiion has risen (oi
215,000. A Sputnik is displayed’
I
i l l
in the Park of Cultune and Rest. But hinges of the old flavor re- main: In bazaar there it stlll a small capavansary where . the country folk park their don-
ke 5. ~ ' K BLOCKED RIVER 1
The gardens and vineyards of I Samarkand. which is about 350 ; miles north of Kabul. Afghanis- i can. have always been nourish . ed the swift waters of the : Zeravshan River.
This life-giving stream be- came a portent of death late in l April. 1964. however. when mas- I oive landslides about 90 miles ' upstream formed a lake th at I tlhreatened to burst firom its un- , stable barriers.
Soviet engineers made every effort to relieve the danger. but not only to save lives and farms throughout the fertile valley but , to safeguard Samarkand'l price- ;
less 14th and 15th-century mos- : aic architecture. I Few of the world's living mu- . seams would be. more vulnerable to rampaging water. The mas- ter builders of Samarkand's mosques. religious schools. and mausoleums lacked stone. They = achieved their intricately de-t tailed works of architectural art. ‘ in friable baked clay. markand‘s present beauty:
ls largely due to Tamerlane ‘ HMS-1405', Through the lame.
> Evidence In igeiuu'tw
:‘ following the Second. World War
In the case of Greece. this “'0 {ESW‘BUOB Of Peace In Cyp. feeling of independence I: so "13 "59'- strong that Foreign Minister Bl" NAN source! feel it is 1 . Stavros Kostopoulos at first re- “0 Small matter that bOIh
NOTES BY THE WAYT
Pm- Alumni-hull. ideal Johann hurt a beagle at l human. been" 1: new." I;
the White House when he Pick- bodily harm but blinds the cue. ed the animal up by the can. my soldier and sets his cloth The only reliable witness In ‘ ‘
' ~mg on fire " Anything more agle and apparently he won t i humane than that would be po. Fort wtlliam Tlmeo— 1 Iitlvely pacifistic. — Calgary
Herald.
cal. -- Journal.
L H' Of H 'I' ong istory osti ity . By Joseph Matswcen Canadian Pre'tiu staff Writer‘
Even such innocent words as "mediation" take on a bomb- like meaning between those two not-to-chummy NATO partners. Greece and Turkey.
That was never clearer than at the NATO mlnsterlal meeting In The 'Hague this week when one could provoke glassy Stare: This and trembling indignation by unwary use of the term: me- dintor or mediation.
The problem went deeper than semantics, 0! course. but 4t points up how easily differences in the alliance ca magni- fied and how difiicult it is to keep 15 countries working as a team.
There is u long history of hostility between Greece and Turkey but the Russian threat
Even apart from open war. (are. the f l was strong that the countries—particularly Greece—«fall short in their et. forts to exert a moderating in. fluence on the warring Greek and Turkish communitien in
3.
seems urange In the eyes of such far-ofif countries as Canada. making Incrllicu and taking risks on beth of the suffering Cypriots.
Much was in the background of the bitter debate that led to Stilrker being commissioned to maintain a "watching brief"
Greece and Turkey over Cyprus. which I: not I NATO member
In one sense. this aur what Stikker has been “taxi: the time. It's obvious that the alliance secretary-general would be watching the possibility of war between two member HAVE AGREED
Any mention of mediation was eschewed lest it be thought
was frightening enough to drive them to co - operation within
Now that the main Commu- nist pressures are being applied elsewhere than in their region, those two countries find it eas- NATO “"35 Shoulderlng "3 way ier to quarrel openly over Cyp In“? a he“ SOIEIY the respon- ms Ability of the United Nations.‘
Greece and Turkey have for. mally agreed to the "watch"—. that they have. In fact, agreed on something In connection with
jectcd the idea that the quarrel was any of NATO‘: business.
SOME PEAKED WAR
Secretary - General Dirk Sttk- ker of NATO says he refuses even to contemplate the pos- sibility of war between two sis- ter countries of the alliance but it was apparent at The Hague that some foreign ministers did not share his confidence.
yprus.
It would be a diplomatic coup for Stikker. whose term of of- fice is coming to an end, If he managed to bring Kostopoulo: and Turkey's Cemal Erldn to- gether for talks as suggested by , Canada's Paul Marti 4
M ongol c o n q u e rer roared I through western Asia like a bull- doier. cruelly grinding hun- dreds of towns into dust. he had a father's affection for his own. He resolved that it, would eclipse all other clues in glory.
Tamerlane was borne by lit- ter to building sites to stiperVise work, He imported 95 elephants from India to carry materials.
To his period belong the great cathedral mosque of Bibi-Khan- um‘ named for a Chinese wife. and melondomed Gur Amir where Tamerlane was buried beneath a jade tomb. Three huge madrasahs. or Moslcm colleges. were built later near- by on the city‘s main square. the Rigistan. ASTRONOMICAI. YEAR
Most remarkable of Sainark- and's buildings was . rotary erected just outside town by Tania-lane's grandson. Ulug- beg, who was passionately inter- Ilmt varied only minute tram calculations made four cen' ested in the sciences and arts. The young ruler made measure» ments of the astronomical year 011110! later
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