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:Tl-IEI GUARDIAN

- llAbcd every weak-dAy morning At no P:-inn auger, lottnlown. P. l:.l.. by The Thomson Company Limited. tconn Prilcs ldwud Inland like the Inn"

Isdltor And lIAuAnr. Inn A. Burnett. Associate Editor. Frank walker

lunch office: Al 5 id . M I d . ind A: second Izileby 1.1:: o':'il..Ii5'.'.'i.'i3&..-'i.'i.'""' OIIAWA.

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"The strongest. memory IA weaker than the weakest. Ink."

FRIDAY. AUGUST 21, 1954

Bishop Peter Ami ills Friends

As reported in these columns some time ago, the eleven accredited delegates from ghut;cehe;e;2ndCz:clioslovakla and Hungary

ssembly of the World Council of Churches now meeting in Evans- ton, Illinois, were admitted to the United States, despite much opposition from var- ious individuals and groups, because in the opinion of the State Department they might be able to give as well as receive ”a spir- itual contribution which will serve the cause of world wide Christianity.” That does not mean, however, that the delegates are to be safe from all further criticism during their stay in the United States. Shortly after their arrival Representative Alvin Bentley, chairman of one of the sub- committees on security, issued a statement in which he referred to them as ”false Churchmen" and expressed the opinion that their admission ”would give the Communists a propaganda victory and dishearten mem- bers of the Czech and Hungarian resist- ance movements." This week Mr. Bent- ley's sub-committee will hold hearings in various cities and will call as witnesses a number of refugee clergymen from Hun- gary who, Mr. Bentley believes, will dis- close the ”Communist collaboration" re- cord of some of the delegates from that country.

This action is not being supported in any way by State Department officials who doubtless feel that, once having extended hospitality to the eleven, it would be an unwarranted discourtesy to subject them to adverse publicity, so long as they confine

v their activities to the meetings they came to attend. Only one of the group is re- ported to be under State Department of- ficial observation. He is Bishop John Peter of the Hungarian Reformed Church, be- lieved to be a member of the Hungarian secret police. And it may be presumed that even he, if he keeps out of mischief while in Ihranston, will not be subjected to any undue embarrassment by State Depart- ment agents.

As a matter of fact the speeches made by Iron Curtain delegates up to this time have been quite ordinary with no notice- able political bias. If Bishop John Peter and any of his friends are indeed prominent in the Communist councils of their re- spective countries they seem to he keep- ing the fact to themselves. And, if they are wise, they will continue in that state of discretion until they are again outside the United States. '

Key To Near East Defense

Withdrawal of British troops from the Suez Canal, forecast in the recent Egyptian pact, will leave the Mediterranean island of Cyprus an important key to British de- fense in the Near East. A crown colony since 1925, Cyprus was leased to Britain by Turkey in 1878. The Suez Canal was young then, and the transfer was the fruit of an alliance between the two countries in the face of Russia's feared expansion south. When Turkey entered World War I against the Allies, Britain annexed the island outright. Twelve months later, the British government offered the island to Greece, conditionally upon the latter invad- ing Serbia, then invaded by Bulgaria. The offer lapsed when Greece declined it. Bri- tlsh annexation was formally recognized by Turkey under the Treaty of Lausanne, ratified in 1924.

About 80,000 of the present half-million Inhabitants of Cyprus are of Turkish de- scent. The overwhelming majority, how- ever, are Greek in stock, language and religion. This cultural and blood heritage, dating from Greek colonization of classical times, has formed the basis of a perennial agitation for union, or ”Enosis," with Greece.

For whatever power holds Cyprus-and there have been many over a prolonged, stormy history-this land is a strategic prize. About the size of Puerto Rico. it fol- lows Sicily and Sardinia as the third larg- est island of the Mediterranean. Cyprus'

red, eroded mountains and green hills rise 230 miles from the Suez Canal short-cut to .-the East. The island is close to the oil- plpeline outlets of Syria, Lebanon and Is- rael. Its air fields, used by United States and Royal Air Force planes, are less than 'A thousand miles from the Soviet Union's big oil center at Baku.

Archeologlcal finds prove Cyprus played Apu-glnthestory otthceuternMedl- terranean for nearly 50 centuries. Egypt- ians. Persians. Romans, Arabs, Frenchmen. and Venetian. among othoi-1, have ruled

love and beauty, rose from the waves off the port of Paphos. Saints Paul and Bar- nabas introduced Christianity to the island, which later became a center for Christians fleeing persecution. The Cypriotes present- ed Alexander the Great with timber for ships he used in the siege of Tyre. And Richard the Lion-Hearted seized the island when be rescued there his shipwrecked fin- ancee, Berengaria of Navarre. Their mar- riage took place near what is now the port of Limassol.

Life on Cyprus today is a mixture of the oldest and the newest. Jet fighters roar over farms tilled by tools unchanged since Biblical days. Shepherds watch their flocks in the shadow of ruined Crusader castles, as late-model trucks speed by along paved highways. In the cities, modern glass-briclo ed homes and smart shops rise near medie- val Gothic churches. Uniformed Britishers and foreign tourists mingle with pantaloon- ed Cypriotes and black-garbed Greek Or- thodox priests.

More than half the people of Cyprus are farmers. With the aid of increasing irriga- tion to mitigate the long dry spells in this sun-drenched land, they raise fruit, olives, vegetables, grains, and carobs, a long pod with beans used for fodder. Cyprus wines and lace have been famous for centuries. Mining goes back to the Bronze Age when Cyprus was one of the leading copper pro- ducbrs of the ancient world. In recent times, the copper mines have made an im- portant comeback, adding to other natural resources in iron, asbestos, and chromium. Another present-day industry in Cyprus is noted by the National Geographic Society. It is the manufacture of artificial teeth, in- cluding black ones exported to betel-chew- ing countries of the Orient!

Summoning Parliament

"The Governor General shall from time to time, in the Queens name, by instru- ment under the Great Seal of Canada. summon and call together the House of Commons." Thus reads section 38 of the British North America Act. It is to be npted that no time limit is placed upon such a summons, although another section requires that twelve months shall not in- tervene between sessions.

During wartime the practice was fol- lowed of merely adjourning when the ses- sional work was completed. Then when Parliament met again there would be prorogation immediately and then the new session would begin. This practice is no longer followed. Instead proclamations are issued from week to week in special editions of the Canada Gazette.

This method is considerably more con- venient than the former, particularly in the matter of keeping the statute book reason- ably tidy. Nevertheless it still appears to bean unnecessary effort. Beauchesne, in- deed, points out that although the opening of the session may be deferred by proclam- ation from the day to which it stands sum- moned, it cannot be called for an earlier date. The effect of the proclamation, therefore, is to establish the earliest date at which Parliament may meet.

A curiosity of our constitution is that the Governor General is only required to summon the House of Commons, the Sen- ate, presumably being entitled to attend without a special summons as peers of the United Kingdom claim to be. In practice. however, the summons is also directed to "Our beloved and Faithful Senators of the Dominion of Canada."

EDITORIAL NOTES

The R. C. A. F. is acquiring six heavy- duty helicopters for search-and-rescue

work. The Piasecki H21A will be the largest used by the armed forces and should provide useful experience in the

operation of the machines, as well as mak- ing rescue efforts more effective.

'This question of the spread between prices for food at farm level and on the retail shelf is causing worry. Recently the U. S. Department of Agriculture look- ed into the facts and found that in 1951 the farmer there was getting 51 per cent of the consumers food dollar, but only 45 per cent in 1953. The farmer was only getting 17 per cent of the retail price of a can of tomatoes. 15 per cent of the cost of bread, one-third the cost of potatoes, but 66 to 67 per cent of the cost of beef and butter and 74 per cent of thecost of eggs.

Sir Rowland Hill. originator of the penny postal system, died this date 1879. Arguing from the unprogresslve rate of rev- enue from the postal service, although 9 pence a letter was the average charge for transmission outside London, he concluded that A uniform penny postage throughout the United Kingdom would more than meet the costs of handling which he esti- mated at less than one-tenth of I penny per letter. The scheme was Adopteddn 1839 and within a year the number of lat- ter: carried had increased fourfold. It took 20 years, however, for revenue! 09. teach

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ODE ON SOLITUDE

Happy the man, whose wish And

care A few paternal acres bound, Content. to breafhc his native Air In his own ground.

Whose herds with milk, whose fields, Whose lloclu supply him with At- ti

re, Whose trees in summer yield him shade, In winter fire.

Blessed, who can unconcern'dly find Hours. days, and years slide soft

away, In health of body. peace of mind. Quiet by day.

Sound sleep by night: ense

Together mixed; sweet recrcatlonzl

And Innocence, which most does

study and

please With meditation.

Thus let me live. unseen, unknown, Thus unlamented let me die. steal from the world, and not A

stone Tell where I lie.

-Alexander Pope (1868-1744.)

A National Symbol

(Ottawa Citizen)

The lack of a national symbol to represent Canada has never been i felt. very strongly; nevertheless, it would be a useful device to have. as the recent ceremonies at the opening of the st. Lawrence Power Project indicated. In actual fact, several symbols are used to pic- ture the nation. but none of them Ls, so to speak, official. In the ceremony At. Cornwall, 3 painting of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police shared honors with Uncle Sam, and, indeed. the Mountle has sometimes been symbolic of Canada. But at times the beaver has been used, and very often the man in the Boy scout hat, open- necked Ahlrt, breaches, high boots. and a fatuous facial expression. Yet does any of these satisfy? Britain has two symbols. each easily identifiable and generally accepted: John Bull, and Britannia. France also has two: Marianne, and Alphonse. The United mates of course, has Uncle Sam. Germany has the man in the Tyrolean hat, the bushy mustachu, steel-rlm- med spectacles and look of gen- eral gemutllckhelt. For China. the dragon. But Canada has nothing. It is not easy to suggest an ade. quatc symbol for Canada, and in the long run, it. will no doubt be up to cartoontsla to devise one that becomes generally acceptable. What shall it be? The fleeced lit- tle -taxpayer. clad only in A bar- rel, has attractiveness, but in a situation where A Ahow of strength and flrmneu is being cAlled for on Canada's part, might nu-div suit. The man In the Boy Scout ml and the open-necked Ahlrf. mlght hAvc been All right: if only he didn't llwlyl, inevitably, om- erge in the cArt.oonA looking Auch A jerk. Pcrhapa the lumber,lAck- cum-prospector-cum-fumer would do. Dressed in A checked mscklnaw of blanket cloth. A peaked cap of the same msterial, the cArlApA clad on top. 1 heAvy beard And large. cnllouscd thumbs. he might. fill the bill, A sort of Paul Bun- yAn of A man. There Aren't. 9; many of that sort around as there used to be, but their bid IboIIld- ers helped build the country. Or maybe. but the nation be chArg- ed with indulging in IO"-IIIIOICI. Canada had better stick to the beaver.

The A90 Old Story

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In

The Poi

It ls l chastening and disturbing thought that debates, discussions and negotiations on a. plan for a European Defence Community have now been going on for four years and that there is still no end pro- duct.

Yet four years ago it was re

with bread, igarded as a matter of urgency -

action was to be immediate. On August 11, 1950, the Assembly of the Council of Europe passed the famous resolution calling for "im- mediate creation of a European army under the authority of the European Minister of Defence sub- ject to proper European Demo- cratlc oont.rol."

The fact, of course, is the resolu- tion was passed - practically with- out discussion - in a mood of en- thusiasm. ”Thls", said one British delegate to me that night, "means the end of all national armies." Another said, "We have founded a. United States of Europe! There was much scornful comment on the action of some delegates who abstained from voting because. as one of them said they were "not quite clear" just what they were being asked to vote for.

O O O

In retrospect that caution, and also the much criticized caution of successive British Governments, seems to have been amply justified. For these four years have been spent In an endeavour - so far un- availing - to give the idea of a European army and European Dc- fcnce Community a concrete mean- ing, which would be acceptable to all peoples who were to form the

partnerships. The idea had, of course, double parentage -- one ideal. another

practical. For some the Commun- ity was to be primarily an embodi- ment. of the concept of European unity, a major step towards the creation of a European federation. Others saw in it an ingenious de- vice for providing NATO with much needed troops (German troops) without. allowing the re- creation in Western Germany of a German army under the command of the German General Staff and under the control of the German Government. . C O

The practical problem was to de-

Mrs. O'Leary's Cow

(Regina Leader-Post)

Mrs. 0'I..cary's cow enjoysan im- mortality unmatched in history. It will be remembered that it. was this frisky provider that kicked aver A. lantern and touched off the great. Chicago fire. That was in 1871. Not to know of Mrs. O'Leary'A cow and her place in the annals of

the historical sense.

The property on which this famous event occurred has recently been A matter of dispute in terms of land values. This in itself is not important. But certain hercsles that cropped up during the argument are And. according to the headline writer, Mu. o'Lenry'o cow hna An- other klck coming.

she has. indeed. A acofflng alder- mAn, devoid of sentiment and Any cApAcity for feeling, declared that Mrs. 0'LeAry's cow was strictly a legend. I-Io meant that the story

"The story I've heard Alnce I was A boy." he said, "was that some of Mrs. O'IcAry'A relatives kicked over the lantem."

There we have It. The skeptical Aldormurs denial carries no Weight of course, and will do him no good -- In Chicago. Mrs. O1:eary's cow in. AA noted, immortal. But his At- tnmpt to match the And An dim the fund of this u-louA Animal is significant. It mirrors and of the meoneat In men, the impulse to tear down. to belittle

put. fun on I pinnacle And on- Ahrlncd than In the heart: of their

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MONTREAL (CP)--Iln. Rumor Roocovolt widow of lnnklfn D.

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European Defense Community

By W. N. Ewe!

a time is to be wlmlly lacking In '

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those whose (till G Mllntl hlve .

sign workable and efficient mach- inery -- both military and politi- cnL Thar. included problems of relationship of the new organiza- tion to the other NATO powers and to NATO itself. The first at.- tempt to solve it was the so-called ”Pleven Plan" produced in the Autumn of 1950 by the then Prime Minister of France. It was the beginning of A long and compli- cated sories of negotiations which resulted at last in the signature of the European Defence Commun- ity Treaty in Paris on May 27. 1952.

The magnitude And complexity of the problems which had to be solved mu be judged from the fact that the Treaty Itself contains 132 Articles; apart from eight pro- vocals and six additional protocols agreed to later.

But if practical difficulties were great, the psychological difficulties were even greater and have so far proved intractable. For the Treaty had not only to be drafted and signed. It had to be ratified, to secure the approval and endorse- ment. of the Parliaments of all six signatory states - France, Germ- any, Italy, Belgium, I-lolland And Luxemburg. It soon became evident that there was strong opposition A especially in France and Germ- any - not only to details but to some of the fundamental features of the whole plan.

In Germany the opposition - largely but by no means entirely from the Social Democrats - was mainly on two points. First, there was feeling that the Treaty does not give that "equality of status" which all Germans so nrdently de- sire. The Federal Republic, for ex- ample, does not become a member state of NATO. Second, there has been fear that perhaps the exist- ence of the Treaty may prove an- other obstacle to the reunifica- tion of the oountx-y..Rat.lflcAtion was at last. obtained but only After much difficulty and many doubts. And then not by a large major- Qty.

In France, the opposition has been mainly an emotional one - and emotions Are in politics often stronger than reasons. There is the first deep reluctance to agree to any sort. of German resrmament. There is Associated with it A re- luctance to admit Germany to on equality of status which might in practice mean a preponderance. Quite distinct from neither of these there has been A steadily growing repugnance to accept the idea that the French Army with III its tradi- tions and. long history should van- ish and be dissolved and become no more than A memory.

It is these psychological factors which have so far prevented the conception of the European De- fence Community from becoming A rullty. PerhApA the lcuon of these four loaf. yesu in that no planning is worth the pAper un- less it. takes account of those emo- tional and often in-At.lonAl factor: which sway men'A mind: And which therefore In democracies Ana .upt

Puget Thoduardlu

Adolescence is that period when many children 10 their parents should be told the cu of I110.-K Gait Evening Reporter.

when out And our banker fell out we would have taken the preacher: Aide if we hadn't needed 3 little loan right At. the time. --Pu'mar'A Advocate.

An intending lion than timuhtoporuuthcooedutne logues received lut spring And compare the pictures with the re suit: now. --St. Thomu Times- Journal.

Think whAI luck Bcnnowu oust- ard-pie comedies would have been like if they had been mAde in this era of pressurized whipped cream. - Hamilton Spectator.

-Fortunately. nnturo torulw that nunkind would develop this penchant fdr sunburn and equip- ped us with enough layers of Akin to peel All Summer. -Wlnipeg Tribune.

It's downright pitiful to see 3 young couple sitting on the porch, slowly dying of thirst. And no auto to take them to the drug store A block away. -Gait Re- porter.

If he's any kind of husband At all he can tell right. Away from his wife's greeting whether the candles on the table are due to gracious living or a blown fuse. -Winnipeg Tribune.

CAnAdIAn cxperu II! the Bus- slan "burp" gun fires fut but not too accurately. The Russians pro- bably believe If they don't. hit those whom they are aiming at, they probably will hit. somebody else. - Windsor Star.

Nature In her wisdom nukes provision for every eventuality. Science has now discovered that the sense of hearing is dulled After eating - thereby helping the system to cope with the after-din- ner speaker. -zllamllton Spec- tutor.

Anxered by obooono mouth from I young Detiolt. hoodlum, I six- teen-year-old girl hit him over the head with 8 pop bottle. then Jam- mcd An electric fan into his face. The thirty days the foul-mouthed

court was strictly antlcllmax. -Windsor Star.

Judgment And common Acme are Just as necessary in operat- lnsabontuacar. Flutes- sentlal is A good bout, strong and water tight, capable of car- rying whatever the load is to he, of a shape And design that will not tip over, of an over-all type adapted to the kind of service. weather and water In which it will be operated.-laeadl. ington Post and News.

Two residents of Suit St. MAI-Ie reported they saw A mirage, a pic- ture of the Memorial Gardens of that city imprinted upside down in the sky. without wishing for a moment to cast. my Aspenions in the direction of the good peo- ple of Bault Ste. Marie. this much can be said: If any citizen of Fort William reported having seen our own park in front. of the City Hall upside down, gossip-mongers would soon be tryng to find out where he had been the night. before.-Fort William Times-Journal.

Five to eight.-pound speckled trout have been so often caught in Shoofly Lake, A 436-Acre stretch of water north of Sudbury, that lchthologists are going to investi- gate. What is there About this greenish lake that produces fish of such A size? It is agreed that the trout do so well because of ample supplies of plankton Avail- able but what stimulates the plankton? Is It due to lArge quantities of calcium? We hope they come upon the secret of king-Ilze trout because they are cxccllent fish, and if we find out. we can produce them elsewhere. It has been proved in Scottish

ugomo W o In 0 II no Qlcguem housekeepers. Every time they "1 a divorce, they keep the lmuuv. -Stntford Beacon-Ilcnld. '

A adult! can worn: on um, I low manila; sound. Mm" that's what scares the fish away --St. Thomas Times-Journal '

ton will lncreuu fIAh 51;; ,,,d the same thing may Apply in fun. wAtor Ilkel. It is A fascinating horizon.-London Free Press.

Now, we can wear to the 94. flce clothes we hesitated about before - A blAme it on high costs. - udbury Dally gum

When the population is doubled food will have to be grown on t .' frontiers or beyond. All the good farm land will be covered wiu, homes and factories. - st, cam. Arines standard.

These III: consolidated gohooh Are taking much of the charm on; of the rural education system, The little red school had 1 new charm Almost every year, becau” the previous one got married.

-I"Armer's Advocate,

Mayor Sunder: of Toronto com. plains that members of his city council have been hypnotized by looking too long at. venetian bum, in the council chamber. But u the Globe Ind mu says, the '.m, season is about over for this ye” -And Mr. Saunders was entitled to

make a contribution. -Ottawa Journal. Our you for the most ef-

fective wAy to lose friends Ann alienate people. particularly wh visiting the editorial departme of A newspaper office, is for 1 facetlous visitor to greet the stall with words to the effect. that it must be nice to have nothing to do but sit around All day And read the newspaper!-Biockvlllc Record. er and Times.

A news story on the giant Com. inco smokestacks reminds us of the fitting retort which at least one Trail business man make: when visitors comment on the un. pleasantness of the smoke which can be seen pouring from the stacks. "I'd be A lot more wor- ried." is his comment. "if there wasn't any smoke coming out.” -

youth subsequently got from the Ttli1TimeH-

Brlulnb teacher uhortagn In. severe enough before the current: exodus to Canada began, and it will be measurably worse by fan. It. may oblige the government to review salaries and conditions of work in the schools. Meantime Ontario is getting All the teach- ers lt. can from Britain-it could use more than 500; Saskatchewan As signed up 140, British Col- mbla wants about as many. and probably other provinces are in the market Also. But the real remedy in Canada is to Attract A greater number of young peopla into the teaching profession. :- Ottawa Citizen.

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