[eERMS: FIVE DOLLARS PD. KAR.
—
NEW SERIES.
* This is true Liberty, when Free Born Men, having to advise the Public,
CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E. ISLAND. SATURDA
is
Y, MARCH 8.
may speak free.”—Evxairipzs.
———
on a
1888.
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VOL. 22.—NO. 83.
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ALMANAC FOR MAROH, 1888.
MOON'S CHANGES, Last Quarter 4th day, Ilh., 13.6m., p. m., W.
(below horizon. ) New Moon 12th day, Oh, 8.5m.; p. m., 8. First Quarter 20th day, 4h., 30.9., p. m., S.E. Full Moon 27th day, Sh., 55.9m., p. m., E.
D _ |Sun ‘Sun |/Moon! High! Day's Mm, DAY OF WEEK! iges|sets rises | water len’h 1 malh maitrnjaitrnh m 1 Thursday 6 435 41) 9 58) 0 41 1058 2 Friday 42; 4210 14) 1 26/11 1 3 Saturday 40, 43 morn’ 2 14 4 4 Sunday 38; 4t 0 25) 3 ll 8 > Monday 36; 47) 1 38} 440; 11 5 Tuesday i 34 48 2 37] 5 53) 14 7:Wednesday | 32) 50; 3 32) 7 15) 18 8/Thursday | 30} Sl) 4 20) 8 17; 2) 9) Friday 29, 53,5 1/9 7| 24 10/ Saturday 27! 54) 5 36) 9 47| 27 11)Sunday 25; 56 6 6/10 24) 31 12) Monday |} 22) 57) 6 32)10 56) 35 13) Tuesday 21> 58) 7 .2)11 28; .38 14'Wednesday | 19/6 0 7 21:11 59 41 15 Thursday 17}. 3) 7 44/morn| 44 16/ Friday } 15} 2} 8 14) 0 30} 47 17 Satarday | we Fen: & & isSanday | J] 5,9 7} 139 & iY Monday | 9 6 9 43/220) 87 20 Tuesday } 7i 7110 Bis § 2! Wednésday © | 5| Sib 14} 413 22 Tharsday | 2) Patt 42! 6 33 23 Friday 6 OF 10) 1 17) 6 53 21 Saturday 16 58; 12) 2 16) 8 25'Sund.y a 13) 3 40] 8 54 A Monday ' 4! 14; 4 57 9 2s ve dine sday Gh 16) 7 30 ll 4 26 29 Tharsday ;“ aor 18) 8 52/11 46) 29 30 Friday | 48) 20:10 Qaft 27) 33
22\11 22; 1 10/1236
= ae —
31 Saturday
B-O-S-T-O-N
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a
THE PALACE STEAMERS
INTERNATIONAL S.S. CO.
Leave St. John for Boston, via Eastport and Port: land, every Tuesday and Thursday at 8.00 a. m
Fare from Charlot!stown te Boston, %6,50, 2nd Class ; $4.0, Ist clase. For tickets and other iaformation apply to G. A.SUALP, F. W. HALES, P. KL eee P. Mw. L Steam Nav. Co, or wo your nearest Ticket Agent, Feb. 24, 18 --o1 wky
MILL OWNER: SMW
| i | | /
USS &
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FOR SALE WITH
—_—0--——_
FILES, OILS, SWAGES, <&c.,
py
NORTON & FENNELL, City Hardware Store.
Charlottetown, Jan, 12, 1888.
HORACE HASZARD,
Manactares
—REPRESENTING rae J. LEWENZ & HAUSER BROS., London, England,
ROBERT LAMB & CO., Dundee, Scotland, Bags, Hessians, c. The NOVA SCOTIA SUGAR REFINERY, HalifaX, N. 8. J. F. CARTER, Beverly, Mass. Oil Clothing, &c. ‘THOS. CONNOR & SONS, Portland, N. B.
ral ADE
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L, ARTHUR & CO.,,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
RECEIVERS OF Mackerel, Butter, Cheese EGGS Poultry, Potatoes, Fruit & Vegetables.
i42, 144 Commercial Street, LOSTON, MASS.
May 18, 1387. ,
mre Our wonderful new book, AGEN De Gems for the Fireside,” contains nearly 1,000 pages of the choicest selec- tions of Poetry and Prose from the best authors ; over 200 illustrations; besides many excellent steel engravings of the Poets and prominent writers, It sélls at sight. Dr, J.-H. Vineent says: “It is ‘fireside,’ ‘tiles,’ ‘flames’ and ‘fellowship’ all in one. It is a whole Parlor in itself.” Prices very low. Send for illustrated oe and terms to W. E. EARLE, St. John,
J. 3. ROBERTSON & BROS., Publishers. Jan, 2, 1888—2aw & wky
ai
AMES A. MORRISON. GEORGE MUSGRAVE
MORRISON & MUSGRAVE, BROKERS
‘i—~AND— Commission Merchants, HALIFAX
Consignments of Island produce will receive prompt attention.
Revrerences: Thomas Fyshe, Esq., Cashier Bank of Nova Scotia, Halifax; George Macleod, Manager Bank of Nova Scotia Charlottetown.
WARREN & JONES, TEA MERCHANTS,
7 East Cucar anp 9 & 14 Mtncino LANE,
LONDON, ENGLAND. Represented in Canada by Morrison & i USGKA\ KE, Halifax. Cot, H, 1837—
February 6, 1888—im eod
WESTERN FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY. SUN:LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY.
oO
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HOME MANUFACTURES,
UR New Factory imported and guarantee the buyer
ave money by trading with us.
as Jan, 6, 1888.
ann empl
now able to offer good, reliable home-ma
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MARK WRIG
Manufacturers of House, Store, Office,
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°5 Por Cent Better Value for his Money
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cices, and feel confident that.our patrons
wooD!
Ores to the Seareity and high price of OAL, I have made arrangements to
supply” Hard and Soft Wood,
cut to any length required, at a small advance
on cost, R. McMILLAN, Coal Office, foot of Prince Street. feb16—dy eod wky Im
THROUGH TICKETS
TC ALL PARTS OF
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—AT THE—
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To be convinced of this call upon
mae G. A. SHARP, \ Station Master and Ticket Agent, , P. E. I. Railway, Ch’town. tebjy—law & wky 3m
| MEDICAL. Dr, Jenkins & Dr.8. B. Jenkins,
OFFICE : GREAT GEORGE STREBRT,
Opposite St. Dunstan’s Cathedral. feb24—2m wky tf wky pat her
FREEHOLD PROPERTY
FOR SALE.
E subscriber, owing to failing health. offers
Prohibition of the Liquor Trafiic.
AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BY MR, W. L. COTTON BEFORE THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE, CHARLOTTETOWN — PUBLISHED BY REQUEST.
Mr. Presipent, LADIes aNp GENTLEMEN,— Judging by the signs of the times, the Pro- hibition of the liquor traffic may, not many years, hence be a subject for public discussion and parliamentary action. Therefore,we should, as intelligent electors, stand prepared to meet it. With fixed, and decided, and correct opinions our minds should be made up. We should know and feel persuaded which side is the right one to espouse and maintain in the struggle that is to he.
For my own part,I must confess that I have found very great difficulty in arriving at a definite conclusion about the matter ; and that is why I have decided to seek the wise counsel and advice of this Literary and Scientific Institute.
It must, I think, be admitted, in the first place that, as a rule, Prohibitions are not consistent with the spirit of the religion of this country. Christianity, to use the words of one of its ablest preachers, ‘‘is a set of principles, not a set of rules.” It does not say you shall do this or you shall not do that ; you shall wear this or you shall not wear that ; you shall eat this or you shall not eet that ; you shall drink this or you shall not drink that. Christianity is, in arts the religion of free men. It reveals eternal principles ; it points out the results which must follow the violation of these principles ; but it leaves the
free.
Nor are prohibitions in accord with the genius of the British Institutions under which we have the good fertune to live. In the words of Sir William Blackstone, ‘‘ The will of the individual is left free ;—the abuse only of that free will is the object of legal punish- ment.”
Prohibitions are, therefore, in this country exceptional, This being the fact, should men be prohibited from carrying on the. liquor traffic —should the State interfere to. prevent men from selling, buying, °and drinking alcoholic liquors? It seems to me that prohibitions of any kind onght not to be permitted except in regard to things which should clearly and undoubtedly be made subject to them ; for the right to individual liberty, the right to come and goas we please
at private sate all his valaable and beautiful- ly situated Freehold freperty ia the Royalty of | Seericuesren. oo the Mount Edward toad, | out 1} miles from the city. containing 57 acres | of exceilent ara ledand, in tion. a the premises aro a “House, 10x30, con- 10 comfortable rooms; also Barn, 46x29, Coach House and other Cutbuiidings. Possescion given lst Apri],. : Apply on the premises to — ie JAMES E, WALSH, Or to F. Lb. HASZARD, : Solicitor, Charlottetown. : mchl—2aw & wky
VALMABLE
dl Estate Sa
ORL
LANDS IN CHARLOTTETOWN.
,
I am instructed by the Honorable Judge Peters to sell at Public Auction, on the premises,
On Monday, the 26th day of March next,
AT TWELVE O'CLOCK, NOON, That Valuable Property lying between the Mal- peque Road and U pper Queen Street. —
the Property has been laid off in fourteen Building Lots, some fronting on Queen Street and others on the Malpeque Road, the balance fronting on a new street to be opened between Queen Street and the Malpeque Koad. A plan of the proposed Building Lots can be seen at the office of Peters & Peters, Solicitors. Conditions of sale will be made known on day
of sale. G. M. HABRIS, Auctioneer. Peters & PETERS, Solicitors. Ch’town, Feb. 20, 1888—eod & wky
REMOVAL. Ga M. HARRIS
HAS REMOVED TO
Stavenson’s Building, Queen Street,
Where he is prepared “o conduct
Auction Sales of Household Furni- ture, Bank and other Stocks, And all kinds of GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
feb%3—tf
. R. F. MADIGAN, /@ (or. Pownal & Euston Sts.,
Stamper of all styles of
German Silver Key Checks, Um- brella, Trunk, Box and Carriage / Plates. Every person who carries keys should have one of those use- ful articles. Price of Checks and
: Plates, including name and ad- dress :—Large size, same as cut, 20 cents; small size, 1:cents; Trunk and Box Plates, 20 cents; Umbrdla Plates, 15 cents. Any of above Checks or Plates sent post-paid on receipt of price. Ad-
t emebastccrre: R. F. MADIGAN, P. 0. Box 298, Charlottetown. Feb. 28, 1888—3i eod wky li pd
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and do what we like, is certainly one of the dearest, the most valnable rights which we possess—-one of the richest gifts in the inheritance of freedom that we enjoy as the result of martyrs’ sufferings and patriots’ eiforts. The question involves the consideration of (1) The principle which governs the limitation ‘ot the righéto personal liberty ; (2) the pro- perties of alcoholic liquors and the effects produced upon society by the traffic in them. As to the first, give me leave to quote the opinions of a few of those able men who have thought and written upon the subject. Her- bert Spencer says:
** Every man has freedom to do all that he wills, provided he infringes not the equal free- dom of other men.”
In another connection, Spencer says that it is the duty of the State to guarantee to each the fullest freedom for the exercise of his faculties compatible with the equal freedom of all others; and again he argues in this way :—
“‘Life depends upon the performance of cer- tain actions. Abrogate entirely the liberty to exercise the faculties, and we have death; abro- gate it partially, and we have pain or partial eath. This remains true whether a man be savage or civilized, isolated or social. And as there must be life before there can be society the first principle of life must take precedence o the first principle of society—-must fix or govern it. Or, speaking definitely, as liberty to exercise the faculties is the first condition of individual life, the liberty of each, limited only by the like ee of all, must be the first condition of sociai ife.” John Stuart Mill says :—
* To individuaiity should belong the part of life in which itis chiefly the individual that is interested; to society the part that interests society. “ Everyone who receives the pro- tection of society owes a return for the benefit ; and the fact of living in society ren- ders it indispensable that each should be Coand to observe a certain line of conduct towards the rest, ‘This conduct consists, first, in not injuring the interests of one another; or rather certain interests which, either by express legal provision or by tacit understanding, ought to be considered as rights ; and secondly, in each person’s bearing his share (to be fixed on some equitable principle) of the labors and sacrifices incurred for defend- ing the society or its members from injury and molestation, 7 itions society is justified in enforcing, at all costs, to those who endeaver to withhold fulfilment. * * * * Encroachment on the rights of others ; infliction on them of any loss or damage not justified by his own te,— these are fit suhjects of moral reprobation and, in grave cases, of moral retribution an punishment,
In the same essay (the famous essay on ** Liberty”) Mill contends that, —
“The distinction between the loss of consider- ation which a person may rightly incur by defect of prudence or of persona! dignity, and the repro- bation which is due to him for an offence against the rights of others, is not a merely nominal dis- tinction. It makes a vast difference, both in our
he displeases us in things in which we think we have a right to contro! him, or in things in which we know that we have not. If he displeases we may express our distaste ; and we may stan aloof from a person a8 well asa thing that dis- pleases us ; but weshall not, therefore, feel called on to make his life uneomfortable. We shail re- flect that he already bears, or will bear, the j whole penalty of hiserror; if he spoils his life by mism t, we shall not for that reason desire to spoil it further; insteadof wish to unish him, we shall rather endeavor to alleviate his punishment by showing him how he may avoid or cure the evils his conduct tends to bring upon him. He may be tous an objectof pity, perhaps of dislike, but not of-avger or resent- ment; we shall not treat him like an enemy of society : the worst we shall think ourselves jus- tified in doing is leaving him to himself, if we do not interfere benevolently by show interest or concern for him. It is far otherwise if he has in- fri the rules necessary forthe protection ef his fellow creatures individually or collectively. The evil consequences of his acts do not then fail on himself, but on others; and society, as the rotector of allits members, must r te on him. must inflict pain on him for the express pur- pose of punishment, and must take care that it is sufficiently revere. I have already quoted the short general definiton of Sir William Blackstone, and now supplement it with the following more elaborate statement from Stevens— Blackstone: “The just limitation of the arnt Lnersenive ia indeed essential to the idea of Political or Civil Liberty. Man considered as a free ogee endowed with discernment to know
California, British Columbia, and to all Points West, South-wast and North-west.
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m evil, and witha power of choos ose mea- sures which appear to him. most pos- sesses aright which may be denomina his natural liberty, This consists properly in a power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or controlexcept by the law of nature —being a right inherent in us by birth and are the gifts of God toman at his creation, when he endowed him with the faculty of free will. Bat every man w he enters into society, gives up a part of his natural liberty, as the price of so valuable a purchase, and, in consideration
Ch’town, Feb, 17, 1888—wky
of receiving the advantages of mutual commerce,
conscience and the will of each individual} alo
feelings and in our conduct towards him, whether | ;
ob'iges himself to conform to those laws which the community has thought proper to establish. And this species of legal obedience and conform- ity, is infinitely more desirable than that wild and kavage liberty which is sacrificed to obtain it. For no man that considers a moment would wish to retain the absolute and uncontrolled power of doing what he pleases, the of which is thatevery other man w also have the same pore: and that there would be no secur- ity to individuals in any of the enjoymenis of life. Political. there or Civil Liberty, (which is that of a member of society) is no other
ao veto ce a 4 exed auws (and ne as is necessary and i- ent for the general adva of the public tHience we may conclude that law which re- strains a man m doing misch to his fellow creatures, h it diminishes the na-
ural increases the , liberty of mankin:i. On the other hand, all Jaws whether made with or without our consent, if these regulate and strain our conduct in matters of mere indiffer- ence, without any good end in view, are regula- tions destructive of liberty; whereas lic advantage can arise m
cept imposed, the aw ing- tions in one ors two = will con- duce to preserve our general in others of
more im nce by supporting that state of society which alone can secure our independence. Thus the statute of King Edward IV., which for- bade the fine gentlemen of those days (under the degree of a Lord) to wear pikes upon their or boots of more than two inches in length, was a law that savored of aperenene. because ho ever ridiculous the fashion then in use might ap- pear, the restraining it by pecuniary could serve no Pp of common . But the statute of King IL, which
a thing seemingly as. indifferent, a dress for the dead ( sho are ali orderea to be ea in wool- len) is a law consistent with publie liberty for it
was intended to the staple trade of the nation. Sothellawacton prudently framed are by no means subversive of, but rather condu- sive to, liberty; foras Mr. Locke has well ob- served, when there is no law there is no freedom. But then, on the other hand, that constitution or frame of government, that system of laws is ne calcu to maintain civil liberty, which leaves the subject entire master of his own con- conduct, except in those points wherein the pub- liegood requires some direction or restraint, Civil Liberty, however, mag be compromised, not only by the introduction ble epact- ments, but by permitting _ individual or set of individuals to infringe at pleesurc those which are once estab >and it is then oniy perfect when thelaws are both made in a wise and patriotic spirit, and guarded from infringement by the governing power.
Now, would the prohibition of the liquor traffic be an undue infringement upon the liberty of the person—the natu a which the State must not in any way cu’ unless it be used to the injury of the public? To answer this question, it is necessary to take into consideration the nature and properties of alcoholic liquors, and the effects produced upon society by the traffic in them,
If liquors were wholly bad, and the result of their use invariably mischievous, not only to the user, but to those living within his influence, the Legislature migh%, without question, prohibit the traffic in them. But everyone will admit that within the sphere of medicine their use is followed in very meny cases by results which are highly beneficial, both to the individual and to society. Take a single instance. When in the coun- try last summer, I stayed at a house about ten miles distant from the nearest physician, in which was a boy who had had whooping cough, followed by congestion of the lungs andfever. One morning, on awakening, at about 4 o'clock, I was informed that he was dying. Hastening to his bedside, I found that the report was apparently true. The patient was in a state of collapse. I enquired if there were any liquor in the house, and was told that there was a small quantity of Scotch whiskey of good quality. I advised the dis- tracted mother to give him as much as he would take, as often as he would take it- -to
ly him with whiskey. She gae him a dose,
t was a last resource. Ina short time the patient seemed a little better. A messenger was then sent for the doctor. in the mean- time, the mother plied the whiskey. By the time the doctor arrived the bey was evidently recovering. He had passed the turning point to the dark valley, and the doctor said that the whiskey had 4*‘ carried him through.” Here was a case in which a life—who knows how valuable?—was saved to society by the use of alcoholic liquor. Thousands of such cases occur every year. While in the Northwest last autumn, ‘a gentleman of the highest character—the owner of one of the Jargest and best farms in that great country—informed me that one of the chief grievances of the settlers there, was the unreasonable anc annoying law prohibit- ing the sale and possession of liquor. ‘* For instance,” he said, ‘* when my wife left Eng- land she placed in her valise a small flask of brandy for use in case of sea sickness ; but as she did not require it it was brought into the Territories and kept in the house without my knowledge. Shortly after her arrival, one of my men met with a serious accident. We live six or seven miles distant from a physi- cian, and I was at a loss to knéw what to do to keep the man alive until the doctor should arrive. Suddenly my wife thought of the brandy and got it. We gave the man some and it did him good. But it made me subject to a fine of from $50 to $200, and imprison- ment; and I should certainly have been fined had auy of my servants, for any reason, given information againt me.”
Here is a case in which a Prohibitory Law might have operated as a real injury to the individual and to society. It will, I think, be admitted that a prohibition so strict as this, could not be justified on the principles laid down by Spencer, and Mill, and Sir William Blackstone.
As there are many cases in which good liquors may be used with advantage, even to the saving of life, so it may undoubtedly be used toa certain extent, without positive harm, —at least to society; and, as to = wine, Ican never think ‘ue wholly d, which was countenanced by the Pattern Man at the Marriage Feast, and selected for con- secration in the most Divine Service of the Church of God.
The great difficulty involved in the question lies in this fact: that to a certain point the vse of alcoholic liquors is advantageo as; to a certain extent it is no harm; beyoad this limit—a limit not easily defined—lies the
reat and terrible evilto be guarded agaiast ft the State.
The difficulty is complicated by the insidi- ous operation of It comes as a friend and im many cases it proves te be a real friend ; it remains (if it be permitted to re man) to intoxicate the mind, to obtain con- trol of the appetite and the will; and then it **biteth like a serpeant and stingeth like an adder,”
Moreover, the traffic in it is, for the most part, in these latter days, in the hands of men who do not scruple to adulterate the liquors
they dispense. The adultrated wines and other spirits obtained in the liquor shops throughout Canada at this time, are not, it is safe to say, such as were countenanced and blessed by Our Lord; nor is the Liquor Traffic as it exists in this country, in any
way comparable with that of the Holy Land. e adulterated liquors poison
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Bae AS Cee Bs APP All AS 88
stetiinfiinthe, @ Barve
pe ae AE tt SE Al am A Wines ‘
96 ip PE
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