Manon s, 1920.

OOO-OOQ-OOOO-OGOO-OQOO-O

SAWDUST A8 A LITTER present time of high specialization

(Emerlmmml Farm‘ N°1°1 gone to an unprofitable extreme

_ The amountsnd valueof mau- Wle are too dependent upon the ‘m, Dpdqcaa on the "farm 1s h, a markets, especially in the food sup-

‘ plies that we need. Even taking the limited supply of labor into consid- eration, the farmer is. in tiie best position of anyone to grow a good garden-a garden which will not

measure dependent on the nature and supply of the litter used. For the purpose of a litter is not only to act as a bedding material. to keep the animal warm, dry and‘ comfortable, but also to serve as . an absorbent to take up and hold all the liquid excreta-the most valuable part of the manure.

Straw is the universal litter and there are ‘few better, but there are seasons in which the supply is short and it may then be advanta- geously supplemented with sawdust indeed, used alone dry sawdust is quite satisfactory. It is clean and easily handled but is particular-ly- valuable for its high absorbent pow er for liquids, which is two or three times that of ordinary straw. it is not rich in plant food constitutents but its subsequent decomposition ln the soil gives rise_to much lia- mus-forming material. It should he used in sufficient quantity to absor completely all the urine.

There is a more or less general impression among farmers _that manure from stables and cowhariis in which sawdust has been used as a ‘litter is injurious to the laud. W'iiile we would not say that this suspicion may not have some found atioii. we have never been ablolo discover a Single instance of such

' injury and enquiry has been made ‘both in Canada and the Unitcd States‘ in this matter. Such injury could only occur on very light soils, following very heavy applic- ations. Most satisfactory evidence has been obtained from many farms upon which sawdust has been uscd as a bedding material ifor a 'nuni- bcr of years. and upon which the soil is light and sandy. Naturally it is on heavy soils that this class of manure proves most effective.

One word of caution is neces- using sin-dust beats very rapidly.

llorse manure from stables

only reduce the cost of living, but which will add wonderfully to the variety of the i'ood for the table. There was a time when the farin- er produced his uwn meat, which included not only pork, but a good variety of beef and mutton an well. That port of the beef which could not be consumed at home was sold or exchanged with neighbors. Now

and pork to the butcher, and buy it back at nearly double the price in small quantities.

There is hardly a farm In the Maritime provinces that will not grow more and’ a better variety of fruit than it does at present. 'l‘his includes, besides apples, the vor- ious berries, currants. and cherries at least some of which will do well on nearly all farms. Even in the case of milk und butter too little of these are used on most daiigvnieirs tables. After all the hurleY 111111 ‘burely is done, the chief business of life is to live and Z81 111111113 111111‘ tentmeut and pleasure out of it. There is not nluch use of (icing a big business if the 11101115 111 1119 business all go to the tradesmen. and there are possibilities on every farm of savingsome of these pro- fitsand of adding to the attractive‘ ness and‘ contentment of farm life by- paying more attention to some of the smaller things in which our fathers were lnterestcd.—Allo11llC Lender.

_____<0->—- PLOW ADJUSTMENTS.

The theoretical line of drult 1'11 a plow starts at u P111111 111111W11Y- between the point of attachment

sdry. _ . . ‘he hames iuns

especially if left in the pile, und of the 1.11851 111 1 I '_

the excessive fermentation that through ‘i118 Clfl-Vlfi l0 d 1101111 011

the mold-board i! lllffllvs 1111111 111B ghln ‘and just above the share. if this lino is perfectly straight the plow will float WllllOlll guidance ‘from the handles beyond that. re-i quircd to steady it. if this line l"! not. straight constant pressure on the handles in some one direction; will li'e required and the draft will

may take place will seriously iii- jure the manure. Such manure should be mixed with that from the cowburn, which can i‘(‘fl(l1ll)' he managed‘ when. manurecarrlers arc installed and a manure spread- cr used. Mixed manure (horse and cow) may be handled in the same manner as that made with straw.

The saturation of the sawdust with be greally- increased. 'l‘\v0 011191‘, the liquid excreta promotes the poinlg about the hitch must be, ready decomposition of the litter Howdy pimp that lengthening:

under favourable conditions 0t temperature anlythe best place for this to takeplace, in order that the ‘full manurial effect may be

, obtained, is in the soil. if the man- ure fllllllflt be spread at once, the heap should be kept moist and compact, as in the case of manure made with straw. »

The sawdust oif hardwoods, de- composcs more readily, and further is rlclier is potash und phosphoric acid than tlint of pines and conifers gent-rally. but no harm due to re- sistance to decay nccd be feared from the uso of lic latter, provid- ed that it is iiol. employed in larg er quuiitlty than is silificlcnt ll) absorb and retain the liquid ex- crets.

--—-—V¢+>_—_- FARMERS ARE CONSUMERS.

the hitch on the some height ofl horse will- cause the plow to run deeper. Second. that changing from a tail to a short horse witli- out changing length of tugs wili cause the ‘plow to run deeper. The depth of furrow is‘ also ad- justed by moving the clevis up and down, wiiile the width of the fur row is affected by moving ii. 110111 side to side. Sometimes an at- tempt is made Rouse the 51111116 whee] lo regulate the depth of the furrow, but ("his generally increns‘ eh the draft. The gauge ivlicel finds its greatest use lll land that is very stony or has variations in soil density. '

The handles should be adjusted to the height of the operator for grcatcst ensc iii working.

The sulky plow has‘ several 0th er adjusuncuis. The bottom may be raised or lowered with relullflll to the frame. The width of furrow may be "regulated by the hitch, or iii part by landing the front. furrow wheel. 'I‘he land wheel should zil- wayg run directly to the front or parallel with tho furrow. The front and rear furrow wheels are given a alight lead from the land as a rule. and the rear furrow yvheel is placed from one to two inches outside t‘lie laud side to take the pressure of the furrow slice off the hottqnr. All the load should be carried on the wheels to reduce the draft. This may he tested by trying to slide thc frame from side to side while the plow ls in motion. Try at the front wliccl first and then at the lilnd

i

There was a time when the Marl- time farmer grew nearly everything needed by his family. Markets and market prices concerned him very little, for he had little to sell und less to buy. But as the country has grown older and our wants have increased with a specialized civilization. it has necessarily follow- ed that the modern farincr is more or less a consumer. lic cannot spend his time, nor is his farm adapted for raising all kinds of ‘pro- ducts. He must specialize. Neith- or does it puy for the farmer's wife und (inuglitcrs to manufacture the needed clothing of tho family from the raw material.

lllll in the transformation which hos tukcn place from tho tliiio when the farmer und his family wci'o "jacks of ull trades" to the

HE Reliable lgnitionjiatter possesses extra “ battery T strcngt ." ‘The Reliab e Ignition Battery uses

power that is lost. in other Il-GkCS of batteries be- cause it is fitted with the Big Brass Cap, which prevents wasted ener y.

Well bui t of the very belt material, and tested three times before it reaches you, every Reliable ignition Bat- tery is of the same uniform high uality. We put the energy into every " Reliable "1_—t.he lg Brass Cap enables you to get it all out. ' _

The Reliable Ignition Battery is better for your engine. bell and telephone, or for every use where a‘ good battery is demanded.

For a sure spark and more ower, get a Reliable Ignition Unit: No. 8216. It is ma e o! Reliable dry cells set in a caulked ‘box, and‘ is‘ built for heavy and continuous service. '

Ali your chain for a Reliable Flnhlfflif-Jhc handy. lllfl "111

convenient pnclcf-lllhf.

"Lil/eff! and L 0.91/18”

T» DOMINION Barren»: ca... ‘ m ‘ovum 90311910?

CANADA

we wonder if the farmer has not

in too many cases we sell the beef, portion to its depth.

l

NEWS

. wheel. This load should be equal at front and rear.

if not, raise or

lower the point‘ of hitch and short-

en or lengthen the traces.

Before starting work with a plow in the field it must the adjusted to the team and the result you have in mind. The following suggest- ions for the novice are adapted from those of W. P. Brooks;

1. llitch the team with a short hitch.

2. liitch in the lowest hole of As none but the best pullets 1111111111111111111111111 111 1101 EBHBP-llly ti... clevlg, - siiouiu have been carried over tiie abbreviated. Prof- ‘Stocking 111101011 3_ gym-L ll", plow and note the second‘ season there should be very 1111-‘ 10110111115 test (rurried out on 5 depth. If not deep enough, raise llllillewcullizilg of 111;} hi3: requlgsd. 1111111“- "QWSI- _ ‘ ilhenclleeirglsflahitiole at a time until mnltvmcde urez-ekeapi; hi: pflflllldinklelill’ Cow L Cow 2‘ Cow 3' 8B Note fiurl-ow slice 1g over iiig condition, seine may nave put 17111111191111311- 1-69 1150 m.‘ me mp9 is mu wjgjg l“ pm. on too much ftlf-Qlllt’l‘.~l may have 50001111911111011 -’ .20’ lirdl ' 1 ' Move clevlfllsiurlvn a truth-Livy to (olds or otll T111111 110111011 531" 4-111 5-110 a hole at a time towards the land. h§|2sd111112s1lr=11>1¢ ‘1011311111110 91111111111115 911° 81° 5-1111 lf slice i~ too much on edge, move 1 11 1 11° e I111 ' , p _ clevh tuiwmla me furrow lug pens. indeed the mere manipulation of

, 5. The plow should now run sev- eral't’eet without guidance if there are no stones. if it does‘ not, some- thing niust be wrong with the set.

ti. if plow runs correctly and a beam wheel lg to be used, set it so that it. just touches the ground. -—E. W. K. '

TO NULLlFY RULE IN HARNESS RACES

(Exchange)

With pacers like Miss l-iarris i\l.. 1.58%. eligible to start in the 2.10 (tlass on half mile tracks uiid- cr the new rules of harness racing adopted recently, a good many track managers will frame their conditions next season in such a. way as to nullify lllls 11118. 111118- iiig_ from the talk heard at the con- gress of the National Trotting As- sociation. This can be done by expressly barring such horses by name or by offering purses “for 1101395 that never won a heat ln 2.16 01- better in a winning race,” or “for horses ellbihle to the 2.16 class that have not won a race in 2.16 or better in_1918 or 1919." Any ingenious secretary could vary the conditions in a dozen different ways losuit the situation on his ‘track. so that the new rule can do no liurm ll’ the track managers are up to snuff in making their pro- grammes.

Russell Boy, 2.0014. is one of the 0.000 harnesg horses that will be "tmsliakled" by the new rliles. Ho had not reduced h-is winning race record in the last ‘two years, and so will he eligible to start next sea- son in the 2.12 class on mile tracks

l l

Illnui q

By this time it should be well decided what birds are used in the breeding pens.

v++¢++¢§0v¢+v ed on a wet glass. Later on ‘they ' i ~ become smaller, harder and do not yes) 8 PREPARING FOR THE BREED- melt. so readily. It is this fact. ‘ mg ggggglq which makes churning a longer pro- ' ' i ‘ cesl. as the small, hard globules do (Elllerllllefllfll T111111! NOW-l ‘ not cohere so easily.

very often ‘saved.

1 l

forcing or stimulation of any

obtain and

ell. To these

be mated either vigorous

only the sons. of‘

liens

for high production.

Do not make the matings large. A good. of the general free range may sticcessfully after l5 or 20 or males but the same bird" in ably with more than half that

tend to the number of females a cockerel would and if you

rrliaihle early in the season.

_ BUTTER-FAT PERCENTAGE K .

And a Discussion of the Which influence it

and in the 2.10 class on half mile trucks. This horse won a race this year in which lie paced two heats in 2.01%. and 2.02. Other pacers almost 11s formidable include Direc- tum I., 1.56%; Roan Hal Boy, 2.01;

Fay Richmond, 2.10%: Judge Ormondc, 2.01%; Peter Nash, 2.01% Peter Nash 2.01%; Peter Stevens, 2.01%; and Butt Hale.

2.0213. AlllOllg the trotters to be turned loose in slow classes are Bertha McGuire, 2.04%: Busy's

Lassie. “.04; Miss Directed, 2.04%; Harvest. Gale, 2.05%.; M. L, J., 2.0513; Brisatw. 2.06%; Helen Stiles. 2.0614; diiss Perfection. 2.0151’ Suldine, 2.0614, and Har- rod‘s (‘ri-ck, 2.015%.

The logic of the new rule is rath- er hard to fathom. By cancelling the winning race records of fast horses that have not beaten them for two years and putting them all in the 2.12 class it gives a time ul- lowaiice oi’ 12 seconds to ‘horses like Miss Morris ‘M. and Single (1., while to horses with records of 2.10 the allmvaiice is only two seconds. and to those with records of 2.12 it is nothing at all. Why dis- criininatc iii this way’. wiil he usk- ed by a great many owners of horses not in the free-for-oll class. if Sniff-it's horse with a record of i’- ls to be allowed i2 seconds, what good reason is there ‘to deny an allowance of the same number of seconds to Jones’ horse with a re- cord of’ 2.10, they will say. To the unin-itflated it. looks as if the men who made ‘the rules and jam- med them through had played favorites. And to the initiated it looks as if they had done f.t -in hopes of bolstering up the entry lists at the fall fairs. without much regard for any other angle to the situation. A progressive ‘time al- lowance of two seconds the first year and four more the second year, or four the first and eight more the second, for all non-witn- ners alike, would have seemed like ‘the fair action to take. and no one has yet shown that it would not have accomplished all that the “biuikruptcy act" is expected lo do.

-———<0>---- PLANTS AND SEEDS

in school; where botany or ad- lied subjects are studied it is usu- ully the custom to study wild plants. Such plants possess strik- ing flowers wlt1h clearly defined parts and are well suited to u bot- anical examination. Plants like the oats, on the other hand, are seldom studlled either from a bot- logfcali standpoint. One of t-lie pur- poses of the new pamphlet. "A guide in ‘the Study and improve- ment of Plants and Seeds,“ prtipar- ed by‘ the ‘Canadian Seed Growers‘ Association, and obtainalble fret‘ upon application to the Publica- tion ‘Branch. Department of Agric ul-ture. Ottawa. is to encourage a greater interest in this ilmportaut plant. The fact that dlfferenrt oat plants taken from l; field may dil- fer very considerably in practical value, and may mark the starting point of new and superior races or “sltrains" provides an at-fratcllve op- portunity to engage in a most in- teresming and promising line of in- vestigation. Such a study in rural schools, moreover. should help to amuse a new interest in farming and ~in farm life by demonstrating. aming other things, that more prof- itable varieties are often obtain- able right at our doors. -

r

of milk given by _ _ _ breeds ‘at. the bottom ol the list ei-

even more than breed for there are many l-Iolsteins which have main- above four per cent and Jerseys are plentiful WlilCll fall way below the breed av-

Month (if

gument for the use of a good

than a study of the factors which ‘influence the quality of milk ‘is

judged ‘by its ‘butter-fat content practical meithod of feeding management has ever been

covered for raising the fat content

of mlilk. All en-quiry brings back to the starting point

breed and individuality are the maj- or controlling factors und that we can raise the "average fat produc- tion only ‘by using sires from dams which possess the (lesired cliurzic= teristtc and by relenltlessly weed-

ing out the no-accounit sire or

off-spring oi’ poor yielding (Innis.

\ _ U _ aurliouity asserts that milk ield ‘in w ~ - ‘ - - " one foot lll lll-‘l' than the other iart ic acid in oliprcciziblv amounts, bu- knlgxlvll-llel1fleqft1l1ellilgfigwhlglhfulzgzlcfsa: and fat per cent may both be lvnilu- glvgpi (lgfbrailiéifllnlfflzlh of the a-stolfie. und undcine-ath ‘this also contain magnesia and 111111. from "bizreziit munty tests illustrates rune“ 311111111‘ h)’ driving the cows whitewashed at least twicc 21 ycar. Hlcvilllllll 11111’? 11 F011‘ 111' 111110“ "lX 111111 W11?" 11111111111 111 1111-‘ 111110 1110.1‘ [he péIn-r_ lolme and into the stable. Heifers A5 soon a5 the wws “ye hlnhlml for int-hos or eight lllcllfis in dianietci‘ allso act indirectly to increase tli‘

- PM cent 111" val-y greater than older ani- the winter, they should be carefully the full length of tln- passage, and availabil- nitrogen umlcnis of or- Jersey I _ _ _ I _ _ . I ‘ ' . . ‘ . ‘ ‘ _ . ' H 5J4 lllvlllJi-istllllflPl‘ harsh ireaitiiient. gone over. ab“ their udderg’ Juan 1119;), into each Stall iii the heads of ganic m-attci- in the soil.

Guensey H f‘ ‘y. the same cow will _viiry ters and tails clipped, in order m the cattle, have n tliree-incir tile —-‘--~‘ 111111 11-1) l0 day and there will be prevent dirt accumulating around 11111108011111; Wllll 1119- 1111110 row, and HENS NEED PURE WATER

Shorthorn .. Ayrshire . Holstein

lt ls of course.

cows of

faces the apparent advantage

those at the top. ‘ Perhaps individuality counts

tolned averages well

erzige given above.

influence of Body Flesh

‘Most o‘f the other ‘factors influen- cing the quality of milk are inter- esiing more because they go to coii- flrm the importance than because of their practical val- ue. ‘but ‘some of them do have busi- ness. For instance Prof. Eckles, of llfimnesota.' conducted a series of experiments belief tho-t cows in good flesh at parturition will yield inilk richer in fat for some time after calving than will ‘he the case if the same animal is tliin in flesh iit the beginning of the milking perlodJt is well known

of

beardng on the dalryman's

which establish

fiat good milking cows fail

vvclglit rapidly during the period of heavgv milk flow. drawn upon heavily for inilk pro- duction as n good cow cannot lian- die as much feed as is needed for the manufacture of the milk she yields. Generous feeding while she is dry not. only fortlfles. her against the period of strain but adds to the quality of her product. milk renchcs normal in from four to six (lays. There is then a gradual and small reduction in the ifs-t per cent tli] about the sixth week. From that time till the close of lactation the quality of the milk improves. Here is fl typical case ‘worked. out Van Siyde. at Cornell:-

l.

After calving the

Per (lent or fut

yctatlou in milk with first i

. 1 4.30 100.0 2 4.11 95.6

I 4.21 91.9

4 4.25 98.8

5 4.38 101.9

6 4.53 105.3

7 4.57 106.3

8 4.50 100.8

l1 4.67 108.8

10 4.90 114.0 1i 5.07 118.0

There is also a cinuuo in

THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDTAN 9050.444 0§O99§0§4Q>O§O OQ-O-O-O-O-OQ4§

FARM ,

§§OQQ~OO44QQ¥GOQ§O§GO§O44 OO§Q+O+O 0050-0909-0401 0'6-

iii the main, dependence should be placed on hens but. it is always well to use some of the best pulletg as by so doing a year's time is

The llellg intended‘ for breeders should be carried through the win- ter in a normal condition without

so that they come to the breeding season full of vim 21nd vigor. To retain this condition, green feed‘ should be plentifully supplied. Chopped clover, spiouted ' oats or maugel-s are nil good