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imrj:,~w<f.a'M‘v' f'='»- _-_ ,I-»¢ - _ _ ._ ._ ,, . _ _ . _ _ . _ .. » ..... , = , - __»-_, “-fri' 'f '-"\i»’v W1* “'." 1 l'

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_ _ M?-.RCH. 16- 1918 -. _ __ _ me criAni.oj_|'rn'rowN ousnni/is ' __ _ l’Afli'1 S‘~°¥V!$!'___-

.-.-

? New York i -Shoe Styles

1 \:»~

~.`-13

'coachi-

l

The iicwcst colors.. lasts, and

patterns are hen--

Sou Gull Grey Kill with hizh

Rr-Jvvn .".\.ides in Rc;-‘al Pu.p2e. L`2ierr3[._f=1'»~l Gvldi-u Queen are mos: p.pular this s-mson.

Sec them ut _

if TB? IIIJ

FAMILY GROUPS

The h -irdayreunion i-f'er an opp Muni-y f--r having that vroup n-adv.

We arf- ' quip ed to pr.~

duce the b et in group- and individual purtraiis.

We oifer a varietv of st -

les and siz»s

The blinks' bfudln

Pictures ol H- mt- Fulk

arr_\ sarutt- and -- ' 'ii ‘Iii lw'-t" lv' Vu --

_~~. _ .,___

‘ir-vi: ' tain- -

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, --; .. d' _.__._____...- _ -

\'=7H"

G-MI Vh in p y \| 'd _ fe 'f'iC"\

»|'~|t\-fllrlb 1 in t \m

_dféltr hn¢»g~.1---hy,----~

|07 QU r §`|.

P* - » 08 _|

I I is cIHi. “itliow Nc now'

iii/ii counts

Many dissatisfied eye suffer-

ers me tinding Satisfaction Glasses at our store. who have tried elsewhere. proving our motto. "Knowing How" is what turns "Failure" into "Snccesss"

Try us for ‘i'I-Expert Service."

H. J. Nlabtm

Optielan and Prescription Drug-

_gist

Montague, P. E. I.

_ _ ___p his Q

l’arltman’s

Montague

ll here You Gil lixpert Eye Service

We have the best equip-

ped optical parlor in Mon- tague, fitted with the latest instruments, and are giv- ing the public the best eye service obtainable.

Come in and look our

plant over and you will agree with us that we can handle the most difficult Cases, with best results.

Save your eyes.

F..E. Parkman

Jeweler nntl opticlnn MONTAGUE.

'

HIGHIST FRICII PAID FOR

BPRUCI AND FIR LOGO

Loaded on can or delivered at mill at llontaauo. _ ` Tdlvhoqo for fall lainrmaiim.

'mc uouvaoul rumtian- mo co.. uuivlo -

l0n¢li.P.l»l. -

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( _

IX-YFARS' IN ll _

JU\lFN|_lF COURT

~li___li-_ _ I

By W. B Wallace, Judge of th-‘ luvcnilc

' Court ltr the City of iialif x

'Following is the report or Mr. \\'. B. formal inquiry may be as to an ob- ll altace. Judzr of the Juvenile Court iiectlve offence. the real inquiry' is: for the City of Halifax. cov-ring il_\»:'\\'hat is he-st to do with the child? fxpefienccs of six years in that cup- lt becomes practicztlly a. conference 3C'il)‘» it is published h:-re bi 'aus-1 lover the t-hild's future welfare. Some the observations are upplicahlo in .'-v- ltinitla counst-l appear on bt-half of tht- '7l` cliff and in every mniinunity :ts I pan-nts, but in such cases counsel in- in the city of Halifax. The article is lvariabiy aid the court in conducting coznmc-ndv-d to the serious thougi.; of ' the inquiry free from ’- chnicalitles.

thc treatment of certain t\- -.-t of bovs ' ernuiciiis in the T-lnriiiiii-~ l'r._vv'lnc\»s

_ P* .

inclined to he tits-»l|»~-}i..m or wh., nrt- vtlizit tl_i_~-y c»;-':.;-loc--ntl: hr-nr ill-> ros- vcayvrard, the discomfort or corporal lp~m.»ihii.t:-' for this arciniit- system of

KEEPING SOLDIERS STRONG

punishment Sllpplles al suluiory slim- t_rr.a\i_in;;_ili~-_-~~ luv--nile om-nd-‘r.‘. Tho’ ' ' ' ulus or moral tonic. Boy mtiurc has Juvcnffe t`ourt tn.-=.-nsion'.ill_\' toitir--i in 'Early In the w0rId°war cod [Iver oil was to

not changed much -luring tin- last .t~c.r.i2.t~t with a type of rriunii-iptil mii- half century. and wliv.-ii the pri-sen: cial with Lihnra -».--:mil-.Ty to -.i-.~.- writer was a bo_v_ -_-nrporal punish- for his innu;`».p_~.lE:_ i‘..~ r».-_ ti-iilzir-i ment was a most eil`i.-ctive cure for vvhlch the iniini-.-€;..~li=;. i- !-»=.ill_v ii- trunncy and disobedient-c, Looking at able t \ -xp-‘nd for tl-t supplri or' n»-:- the question -through the clear. un- i-ated chiidrm in :l..- li.-5,-:._| 5.1¢; clouded lens of tiuic, l can testify that a' type would bc sz-_-ui!-' oppos.--1 zo rc-` in my ovrn case as a boy. the use of forming the <.~ount;.' jail sg-;'.--rn_ which the strap was beneficial in inculcattng commends its'-if to him l»»-<..1:i.-w- it is ithe olden virtue of obedience.. "cha ills uhsorhlnt! uizn in lift- is

fortify the health of soldiers against the rigors and _

exposure oi camp life and to help build up enduring strength.

COTT’ 'till EMULSIO

. rr v .

in the Halifax Juvenile ('uurt. tie 'o ':»-vp thc tux rm-1-f flown. Jie doubt- - .

lvuam is not dw" with by aw Con; k_____ ,wks ,_,,,._m, “.i,_,_ ,,,___,__um,,,_ that actually guarantees, the nchest quality of pure Cod

until the teacher and the School Board lauiiitlpali-in to this inscription on his have exhausted every effort. Soin»_--.to:n`nston».-

times the trouble in truancy cases is '

tnvironmental. the influence of a vlti- _ _ _ ‘ __ _ (lm om” boyfommnionz S0mE.im__5 'li¢~:i»»at.\ this sion-» in-.-; Vvilliam i' ?' a "gang" probi~>m." and somz- _ I"`°“"‘- _ _ _ ' tfmcs lt is a tai-tl--ss or tluiid teach--r. lm ""~"* “ “`°“r‘*"u"r "l Ll”-H """`°‘ - e3Lhu», ur.. nm, ,. ,N lit '~ »-v r ith i»-urn--d -1 hint .~ril;‘ crfmn

Liver Oil, and is skilfully emulsified to promote prompt assimi-

' lation which is always difficult vvith the raw oil. -

Scoff's Emulsion is famous for putting power in

the blood to thwart- colds, grippe, pneumonia and

1

, 4

P lung trouble. ll is free from harmful drugs.

*-'I _ rt 1 *sf-ffne. 71': 1:‘/ .mt tp)

French covcr~>t1' heels and the °

§

y _ ;

all Guardian rt-aders:

Th#-re being some misconception as

to the work oi' ri Juv.-nib- t`-ivurt, ii might be wc-ll in explaining its work to follow liac~;»n's preccpt. delivered in his reading ou the Stuiu;.;- U: Lis.-5; " ine nature of tt use is best discov-._-3-_ cd by considering what it is nor. and their what it is_ for it is the nature of all human science and knowledge to proceed mostsafely by n-1-3:-.tive and exclusion to what is affirmative and inclusive."

A juvenile court is not a complet.:

l'*?|11¢'¢l}`. or curc~all. for crime. It is noi. and cannot be. a substitute fo: liarcntal care. moral and religious training. and good environment. lt funn-:It render entirely unnv-cf.-ssarv the rv~i`ormator_v and cliaritable insti 'uti-ins. it is not a schcine for re- ii--vxngA ‘parents of their natural res- r»-Jn.-ilniitif-=. _lt is not seniirn-_-ntal: is based on common sense. it is not really a court for deciding cases, Lu: rather :i lwiirw.-lu of practical jus tire. and a "cl-.-.aring-house" vvl~.er-i- conditions of juvenile d-lin-;u»>nts are :i-ljust»-d.. it i: not so mul-lt d rn-»thod of ifivr='.igaiiou with a vi--~.c gn gh.- punishment of a delinquent att as a rt»ru~:-.ly for conditions from which the delinquent act probably' arose. The I-liiId'=\ act is `ot'i~'-n viewed by th-i-_ ,iudge as simply' the evidence of cou- citions requiring remedy. Th.; court was instituted asa recognition of two facts; first, that children are childrcu even when they bn.-alt the law; an" second that while ih- rizhts oi' ar

‘ - - D ents should not bc lightly inte-rft»red_

xvith. every child has at right to a fair chance to become an honest. iiseful citizen, The State must protect :nf citizen in those things in which h-' cannot protect himself. The business of the court is to search ou: the un derlyingteuse-s of juvenile delinquen- cy and to supply preventive measures

The Juvenile Dellnquents Ac: of

Canada. has been in force since 1911 The chief advantages of this Act are ill its siniplicit;-'_ and the c-nlarg.:` power given to the judge; (ii th- erfnrcenient of the parents' rt-sports ibilit;-'; lil; the application oz' th' _-vsteni of probation; Ni the s--para tion of childr-fr. from adults a.;-‘us-'.~<’ ot' criznt-_-:: i5» the indift-.~rminat.~ length of sentence, when :i child i= ioznmltted to an lnstitutior.: ill) the utilization ‘of foster homes.

The jurisdiction extends ov-:-r all

'and in nccordanro with the policy of ,the c-:uri ri-_t :J it-\l~l trials but earn- _ost tr-»nft»r-.-r..-_-s t--.nvc~riiin;; the clu`id's fuiur--_ I ln-the investigation of ju.'»;»nile df-~ linqu»>ncy rnnny contributing causes lwill be found._and the investigator . cannot tail to note the interlocking ra- :lations oi multiiorm probl-;-ins, but _two decisive factors arc: First. fail- ; ure to malt-» moral and religious train- ; ing go hand in hand with physical and ; mental tmlnlng; and second. spincless iparents who ignore tht- fact that obo I ‘lit-nce is the fundamental law of child itraining. The investigation usually discloses in the background a delin- lquent parent. .\ioral tier-cts. like 1physical, yield mort- readily io pro- fpcr trt'-atm-r~nt at curly sting--s. but lmauy part-iii.~' fail to appreciate that .fa¢~t. and in many ca.--rs the delin- !-quency: of the hoy or girl is found to have be-~n caused by ilt-t'»:ctiv~'- home conditions. involving as a miie crim- inal carelessness or at least moral otr lust-ness or lieediessness of ai parent.

».-

uvenile Deiinquents are Born, Not

Made '

_ ln some instances they are the pro- luct of social conditions. for the main ienanc-3 oi' which municipalities art 'esponsiblm but in the vast majority if cas-'-s the parents are to blame. ‘ ‘rimiriality is not hereditary. but a "-hlld inherits certain instincts and

hese can be directed towards som-.~

_ hing either good or evil. Much de lnends upon the child's c-nvironrn-eu: lie to this development. Character 's not wholly born with th.; boy or 'irl. but consists largely of acquired eudencies. Various enviroumt-nt;i‘.

; actors affect character. A boy or girl ' has a right to an environment which ’ vill develop his or her instincts in I 'uch a way as to make the-m tend to-

- .-ards good rather than evil. Thi- * ouri, after investigation. places th~ , hild in the care of the particular ag- \ncy best adapted in direct that child -no the path that lead;-' to good citi- fenship, and to itecp it 'in that path. z Sometimes. _the temporary with- { ‘rawal of the children from their ‘tome act'~ornplish~i-_-t all that the court les-ire;-.-. and the children are then iw.- I'um».>d to their reformed home. Bu: '--~n-cases---w-hc-re-t-he_bome.is beyond thv- `\ope oz' reconstruction the boy or pziri . s sent to one of the reformatories and

I r I

dclinquents untlcr the age of sixteen L ,._.emuau:_. is placed in 3 good mm\ years. and also over all children who] ,0me_ which i5 Selechtd with 59,,-ia; ‘mf simenng from lack °f pr°pe’ ‘are. By this ruetiiod. adopts-l by ju- z‘f,al"h"".°Smp' or "h°.mf'i “”g.l“"“"l' _ enile courts in Canada. thousands oi' ‘.‘-nile in- some ca.-ies iniormalitj-' and hildnn hm., 5,6., ;,;,,¢,.d om in ggod genueness in dBa.lm5 with the Dame' tom.-s. and in thousands of other cos- u_Zar case are desirable. in other cases __S their own homes have been rn.. ine use of formalrprocedure is essen i.orm,_d> mum. of these (hndr[.n_ bu- rial' E“‘ry juvembi mum' m difalmg 'or the adoption of this method. would ‘lim an offender* Shfmld hm?) 'lunsdlc I ‘rave been drawn into the eve-r-ilowizlg tion over the agencies contributory tc mmm M U.imiMmy_ his offence. Under the federal stat An important aim of the mu,-_ ute. supplemented bf: provincial eu | ,mum be to mmm., unwming pa,-,.m,» ncimem' me l“"'9““@ °f°“"'S Work Ito discharge their natural obligations tends to expand and to include fee: "awards meh. chi|d,.,».n_ Th,-. par,-.ms “M °f 3 "D°“‘eS“° "“"*“°“S` "°‘l"- -f .~. delinquent i-aim _-mould b.-. mari.- Locai circumstances ‘must determine 0 fre! more responsibility. for me mg, tiu- extent oz' this policy or expansion .onduct 0( the cl-,i|d_ Instead 0( weak.

Probation is the most -_-fi'»\<:tivc me _ _ning the Svnée of ,.£,5pUn_si;,im:,- U5

‘hw °f d"a“nS Wm’ l“‘°"°H" °K°“d F he parent. the court intervenes to --n- vrs. The court avails _itself of the -Rn, “_ Many. parents who app__,3,,_.d probation system and tries to prevent I dom me Hamax Ju.,-t.ni1,_. (-Dun children from reaching a condition. “med to a§:.um,, mai me r,;,,_p0,__=;. which would necessitate their being 5 mu, for we mom! and rengious dL._ f"““°ll!~' ‘lt-*ll *ill* l’-‘ 'll'-` “°“"- The ' -eitfpmt-nt or their t-niitn.-n rt-_---<1 ultimate success of this remedial ug - vm] the School t,3aL.h,., and the dl., f-ncy may depend more on the D031' vman. and that the solo duty' of par- ber of children kept out of court than ,ms was to 'I-,_.ed_ Group. and ,better "f°“Shl~ ""0 lf- Tm’ l~""°*`9d“"-` Dfw” ‘ hr-ir children. ln many iristances begins before any ot'f~.-uc-2 is coiutnzt- here was on emu". ab,-env. of home Wd- when ll L" "‘P°"’-"1 'hm 3 I°’°3' lscipline. An undlsciplined boyhood N' Bill is IUCll“*`d f° be "`af"“`°"-L °' -r girlhoocl is a potent cause of sub- i* being UFOUSUI UP “'ilh°“3 53l“l°"77 equent delinquency and crime. ln parental control, an othcer of tht ~ mane). Cases it W” nm .mcommgm court investigates the report. confers N. the father of 3 (mam Q0 rirgad mg;

v-‘ith the parents or custodians of the boy or girl and often by such action r-.nd-_-rs unnecessary' the suniinoning of the boy or girl or parents. lu seine rises an appropriate admonition to thc delinquent or the parents is sufh- ricnt. ln other cases li is necessary to have a thorough inquiry before the court. particularly wherv l>3l'@U!5 “TE charged with contributing to the della quency of their children. Where the charge involves parental neglect the children are temporarily excluded from the room. as it is not desirable tc have them present when a chafzv is virtually against their parents. On the other band. I h2\‘L‘ S0l11¢¢lm¢" found that a child was afraid to tell the whole tmih in the presence ot' his parents. and in all such cases l have excluded the parents temporiifili' and have talked with the child alone. in

order that he oir “she miigclitsutgtrellg

ed guy n \|v.'llL‘£'

?:§cr!n|th.y l-Every cdort should bc made to get the truth from the boi' of girl rather than later ou._trom the police. A great min! B eelned “lie” a child admits his transS\’9SSi°l\- 15 a reeling of antasvnilm br the nar- ¢-nts against the police is thereby PN* ,-enges-|_ some parents. claiming io he respectable have tried to induce their children to lie when interrogated ab- out the particular charge or miscon- duct.

11|; pm(-¢¢dinga of the court are

not reported in the press. and care is taken where certain classes of child- ren an brought before the court. I0

,x¢|||q¢ gnything like the appearanlct. of criminal procedure and temiooo "_ 11|¢ my or girl is not formally asked whether be or sho is guilty or mi, but ta encouraged to tell the ima. the vmivlllf Nl*-_ "1"" "W delinquent ia than treated. the ilrtio ou- mn it annul- 'W-' ‘“'“°°° tivo foatoor of the court ia the elim- ination of the idea of criminality- YN- q|¢¢¢iy_ the formal trial of the charge ta but I small PIN °f ul' 54”” I* vqgttgatton. in practice I have often abandoned the formal trhl and alb- auiated an tooth into the rantin- ,nip or the chile. in snort. vhilvlhv

I ‘e could not get his boy to go to

I i¢h00i_ "Willie vi-on'i ru:.i‘.;_~ go to . chooi for me." or "1 cau`t keel’ JOM- I 'y from going with a bad companion

ho makes him play truant." and sim- 'ar excuses were offered by muscular

1 athers concerning the disobedience

\f boys ten and twelve years of age.

I Torporal punishment is rarely under- ' alien by parents. ln these days I here seems to be :t sort of universal lvoft-heartedness-a dread of- inflict- physlcal pain on boys. _The un- I 'iso efforts of humanitarians super- ' vharged with slobberlng sentimental- I ‘ty have resulted in the practical sup- lpression of corporal punishment in ' :he schools. and the lack of discipline llias thereby been increased. The ad- vninistratiou of corporal punishment ‘ in our public schools. when prudently safeguarded. ls often the most ethca- lcious means to restore order and dis- ' cipline.

in cases of delinquent boys l have

frequently asked a parent if he ever adminiatemd any chastlsement to the boy for previous transgresaiom. and the parent uanally idlmftted that no punishment was ever attempted. Some- times the feeble excuse was PM f°\’- ward by the father that he did not like to punish the boy because his wife thought that "Willie" was not very strong. But the day generally

.comes when “Willie” does become l"vefy strung" in evil habits uncheck-

; cd. and in vicious inclinations uncou- trolled. Thronxb lack of home dis- cipline boys and (iris go wrong. and parents regret too late the foolish weakness which induced them to re train from administering the neces- sary disciplined “The rod and rv- proof give wisdom. but the child that is left to his own will brlngeot his mother to abame.” So Solomon said.

.` but the twentieth century view is that I

"they didl'l know everything down in Judea"

Corporal punishment in the acbooiat

although ltlil. has become practical- ly obsolete in Nova Scotia.

regrettable. Aa ll idlscfpttne. the uae of itil! illltllnbie ll ext

iii. viz:

ioda;-‘,t ' ~»`” 'l.lo 1'-ltliat “ _ ‘ '_ ` ' they must not violate the sncredn--ss _"1"-*U-<~~ lu- sl- t ih-- .ax mu- down.

I

or little \\?illie's lndlviiiuality by oper- ating on any portion of his sensitive and tonal: r anatomy with :t strap. lu- ,s`~_\::~i of there ht-ing any dung--r from 'tio irc-if use of the rid. the real dan gr: today in the tmlning oi boys and girls is from abandonrut-nt uf rcs- traint. arid a const-1u»_-nt contt-:npt of all authority. Tod.'i_v. at lions.-_ ag-_rj in the --~l:"'\ ' -*ow .-z '»v:i;-' must of. nia\L-.- all .-ruzisiilzx-.~ he must have what. he wants and he must not be gtwn what he do-'-s not want. How in future y-lass. will ti-: bc abit- to st:-ind the hard knocks of the vvorlfl. if exercise sell-control. io meet and ov ercome ill fortune. or to be path-nt under the inevitable .=u.'f-1-ring which awaits every one? in the County Court Judct-‘s Criminal (`-Juri l liave tried many cases of ad nits wh'-re it was uianlfi-st that the .originating cause of thi- serious irimf which th»- prisoner had roniniiitcd v.-as a want ot' s-:iidiscipine in »-arty life, whereby his u.-Jrnl dbrc had `oe..~u vveakeued. and . as a consequenr-3. I when the in--vltzible temptations came tar- offender sutcunibi-d. Many of - tI1».~.~»~ criniinals had :~.»\~.-r hoop, taught It`:1-~ binding i'ort~.- -if mom) law. or Itrained to recognize what tl ~y must `do and must not do. and wit; The; -.vt-re brought up like young savages. 'I`h»-;_' knew no disciplin-:-_ How foul. t‘~.--ybe expected to do right wht- t?*.~-;-’ had n-.-v»f-r been t.a'1g?'.t to thinl- right? ln many in-.tau»:~s their owr. par-.-nts were guilt;-‘ of tha- gtrzi'-'-3 cru city of spoiling them hy aio-:iys "git ing them :noir own way."

Many' parents r»1~s~'~m any izt.rZ`-fr

e-nv-.~ wi-'lx their dom».>.=t_ic r»-lations and b-.-lit-ve that as par-nts th--y hav: an inalienable right to n~~glect their cZ'ii_ir-an and even ruin them. ln one instance the court. having pr-viousl_ elven a boy of v.-.~ll-todo parnnt.-1 ti' dnl.-»-. f».»i=. comp-_-ll-~-l to st-nd the bo to u. 1-eformatory. whereupon the par ei-.-is and relatives conspired to airl the boy to csrap-.-. and suppli-_-ll hit: with money to leave ih- city. 'Th- bo'-' was bright and intelligent. an, under normal conditions could ba-. be--n easily trained to be a good cit: 2-;»ri_ but his short-sighted r»l.itiv»t-- v-- re almost a fatal handicap. In th* cs--1 ilu- boy was rt-taken and .-~>n' again to '.h-- Ri-formaiory. and thre- fit' his relatives each paid a nne c' tv-'enty.-five dollars, so that they ani. others might be given a salutary les £011.

I1

tn

'Tia-‘rc is another typ'- of paren‘

w-.ll l-:noon to all iuveuil-= courts. llc docs not dire-:ily aid his child to vit- late the law. but believes that hi- vchole duty is fultilivd when he prc vide-s a living for his family. H- ‘winits that it is unreasonabl-.» _to ex p-wt him to assuni-2 the dur;-' of dis ~'i;>linin'; his children. and lie l»_-ave' that duty to his wife, who unh-sitat iagly and unreservedly leaves it tl the school teacher. But th-2 han-ie-’.

iv-acher`s efforts on behalf of disci-

pline ar-;~ thrown sway if th.-rc be nf

parental ci:-operation. Fr-.qw-ritl_v thr-

parennuinstead of cooperating vsitl. the teacher are too readv to believf

that the delinquency of their "Willie"

is the fault of the school teacher. and 'oi course \\'llli»;» concursin this view

There ar-r some exceptional cases

where the parents. through ill-hi-alii: and other causes. are unable to tak-' proper care of their children. but generally. a neglected boy or girl im plies a delinquent parent. Our meth od of dealing with at dcllnquv-ni. par out varies according to circumstances

In one insianiyvg the father becomes so’

addicted to "spft»»?s" that he absolute iv neglected his family and his work Ne was sent by the Juvenile Court it thc county lali for a month on the charge of having neglected his child r;-n. This crude punishment. while sum-rtimes in-fxp-_-die-nt. proved >.-ffica clous in his case. lie is an excellent my-chanic. and has since provided a comfortable home for his family. anf’ has even expressed appreciation o' _the drastic remedy administered. Bu; such a remedy is not effective in deal ing with a wife desc-rter. or a profes- sional criminal. or an habitual drunk ard. The toughest problem which the Juvenile Court is called upon to deal with is the case of a husband who de serts his wife and seems willing to let ber and bis children starve rather than support them. The punishment falls upon the innocent wife and chll dren more heavily than upon the guilty father. They share his punishment vrlthont his vuiit. Some plan must be devised whereby this individual can be compelled to work atremunerated labor of some kind while in prison. Money thus earned would be credited

to prisoners and made available fori

aiding their families. At present these *prisoners in our county lalls merely waste their time and are a burden on the taxpayers. who must support them ln prison, and sometimes, must sup- port their families. Unless and until such men respond to reformatory tn- ducnces they should be compelled to work in prison so that the product of their labor may be used to provide for their families. it may be said that the Labor Unions would obiect to leg- islation ernbodylng such a scheme. but P have discussed the matter with re- presentative labor leaders in Nova Scotia. and l bein-ve that if such leg- islatlnn._\\-crc carefully drawn then: would be no objccilm to it from the labor element. They could not lastly object to an Institution modeled on the prison farm system. A neplrlte branch of the same institution could receive buys from sixteen to twenty- orienaraofagevrbomthcconrtstn the Maritime Provinces taut nov and to the county inlln. and thu al- otber stupid and futile system of pull- labment could be aboilabod. These county jails do not reform. but often

it is a severe reduction up-

»-_4-fiorwaei . ,

I

I l

» »

I

I I

I f

.\ public seiitiimnt <hould li-> ti-2-_i `_____ __A -_ _________ ____ ___ ____ __, _________ 4|

'rt-lop->'.l in tin- .\la.'iiiin- l"r»vinci-s on _`~i u. ~tion at tl r- cess tr"-

¢\ F 1 I p I

thi. f; . so th: ;»» .- . o

.or th.s r..-.--.rn .=.hou.u;' I fl {‘ E `S lu the course of our investigation -;---- ~----~ -----'~---~ - -- ` -' ----- -' -- ,- ~>~-

ure dis-.ov»»r~.-d that in sonic lioixif-_*_

tm-A-,ugh lil.. wif., “-35 _-__-A dba-0|u,._._' __"lT PAYS to brig- ;;i 1...- f‘.'.»‘-'inte V ..*T. G. IVES is the hlontagrc 1-he was. in.-v-rth»-l~:'~'-’, almost wholly ' 7 'Q-"-lim* *"9"*-‘>-'U33'-l\`L'~

'1 hiaue for the vvrt'-t\.h~-d conditions -»'WE°UlNG Fm*-I”-"-11'? l`-“ffl I ”*°` ; _-him .-;|_;|.15_ In ;;,,,<_, C851, ty... wok pl-.iw 1.. `.Z»:s..1‘.u ox. .\'=.!i:r . FMR. HAROLD P. GORDON is

uihanfg ,ms wird.-,\-,_.,;;;,._z Hn; i._,,n_ .rat-_ _\;;,r_-n '_-not-_' 1-,-. 5-_i L <_z-_mg-..»ii_ :hi G-eorzcmwn Guardian r-_-press.-nv

-.

-.-d suilicicnt n\on~~;.- from wi-.-it to wi-.-it

- win a comfortable home. ii' he pos-

.\!lilt»r»vn Cross to . . T. .\l~:K-:i.-’ J f‘i:\'.if’ht-:r of \lr an Int.. (_' 2»l.Z{».-1.-I

.

' \~_‘.

‘ssefi a r‘:ipabl.» li.'-lprn--jr, but thi- 'ie -Vhim Ro...'_ The -:erenioujr vfzis _ _ -.*`l'W0 CENTS RER WORD each _-if,” unforzunazeb-_ was nmi(.;,__d ,_-it-,__ ;,¢_-5;.;-;m.4 by yt.,-._ yy A }{u'¢,i._»-.~_ 1_1.-iinsertaon for advertising in this col. nf- q..n_<.=¢ ignof-M-_--.. .,-f. 131.- nr; at bride was at-~n-1--1bynt>r sister. .'-it--. ; umn. Cash must accompany order. ~qm»_~m;¢klng_ in :grub Utht-r in5t:..'ti` "~ill"li'-.-l vvhll-: !`5`i- groom Wins' Sufr Minlml-\I-5 l-hard? lw’l'3!f“'f*\'@ Cents-

» _ i h ~ Ru l \i

-s. the horde was matic unhappy lj-'

5.1:'-’»i-t _v hi.: bi'-ith.-r. =s».-l. _ `;-; -

nagging “.!h._ whh A rdsiling luugthf -:JU _.U-_.m__,n_\-_ Ffh, briddl pany dr_,‘___ w»- 'tic tt-.gmfm 01' this gp.. ;,pp~,,r.--l in` '.7 hoint- oi ii:-- hridi-, v~h»-r- ti.-r `.4__ _ F _ _ _ _'___ _ ‘ce Juw-nil: (ou:-.' i-L-_arzisg h.~r hus- "sual vs-»‘flit:~z sail-tire: was s..-.--.wi or. ‘. "!‘*_'§ “"m “"' m~`"f“ "° "' 3"

_ . ._ .. . , 5- ~_~__,»._-_-_-__-__ :,-

ani with in-el--‘ting li.-r and lv.: lb' iii.-1 nm.-'t intzzuait- tri-_-nas r.: tn- _ '__"A__ ""_lf"m_'”lT1'fD"°'.m.°'_° mm! 'fiilliron an-J our-ing th.; jnquirv un- *\ri-'»- and groom i--ing prestnt. .\;`;t-. ‘j "" "`n”.rZ‘ "“g“d“["’° 0* U” mind’ -_~m=.»iou`sl\- 5-H.. -.mpgs »-vids-nf-e 0" '\ pl-;-aunt evening spent all r-iiiru-fl. "" in" "hi"""“' I" ‘me ra” “mfh -er ,-,wg ;;i.;,-mp,,¢- and mc-_;\.5<n.~ss, to tb-ir homes “Letting .\lr. and .‘.Iis. um' i""_ "h",‘I,f`“'f1ln"_' ‘“°“_"; “ad The husband oder;-d no avid.-.:~..-.» him- Vauipb-'~il man? If -ars of hai»p;-` '-' °`f_°'_A i“`?_S".""‘l9l-§°l“l-' _-elf, but rn..r~-l_v a.<l\»-fi fin- t-ourt ;-'V11-.--1 Il.`-- L gduul. :_-L1i;.,x._-£n.ir‘r‘rI\irna.autJ`clirlt

"i-J »'r.J of !;.i.= wif--'s' tiradc, which it ='a..~ i::.pos.~ibl~.- for tht- court tiicht-wk. fan you blame nie tor toltzng a drfnia ~r;t~a.<i_-nelly?"

The iourt has b»;-en i':»':queutiy a=k~ i to pass upon man.-rs b--youd it.- 'risdiwion or corz1p»»;f.».-nt-y. On-.- -’-xdsp--ra-‘.-_-d husband. in diluting up- n \vir»\'s extravagant-= as the zuse of their broltc-n home. asked ifu-'- \urt whether the extremely 'lowcut €lk blouse which she was wearing in iurt. and wliii.-li had cos: :i surpris- rtsly iarg-1 ~‘u;i. was a ju-tiiiable pur- ha.=~':-. ll-» was not v-'orri-;~j ov-r thc 'xestion as to wh;-ther the style was vb.-st. but razht-r as to the question ‘tether the ex;--aditure was modest. he ausv-'er of t`::s '.vit`._» was that #hc 1d as much right to be in the fashion

h-'-r neighbor. Mrs A. Tn on-= 1:a=;~ woman. whose husband was over ~as. was charger] with i'.egl».-ctiz;glx»~:' hildren. and she ph-ado-1 .is an »~.\- us-': for her undue iiirsacy with an- ;ther man that she "ci:-uZ~lr.'t stan-i 'te lor:-=.<otne:'.-‘ ss." In some prcz'-es.-ri-;~ns or avocati-:ms .. =rson :nay a=:hi»'-v-.- :nod-.-rate sur.-_~f.=.= ithou: being fontl ci lei-'» \»vni"»c. bu; probatioil off-.ci-r cannot he a _-uf- ‘»ss unless l‘.»- or -hc loves '.h-:- -vors '_ is not a qu».».=:ion. of eflutaziorz-_.l ualifications; tt-nipernznf.-nt and por- sonality are a`d-important- The proba-

A

f M

2 I

I I i

P I

I

l I

' ml»;--of-thumb methods is u t`a.il'.ir-‘

_ probation oflicer rl‘.o'.'l¢l be prepar-

|‘ion officer who discharges his duty I

‘l to invoke any ag--nc;-' which can eip in the work of r.»~‘1arr.;.:iou. but

; 'rust --xt-rti.-'-P sagacit;-‘ and <ouncl

I ndgmt-nt in the F--lfcting oi h».-lprui I zen--ics. llc must win thc probation- § -r's -~Juiid_enc»;- .ind :esp-_-\ t. ln short.

e” should be a specialist in moral cd-

"catlon and character-building. lf I juvenile court be a success, the pro I ation officers are -'~ntitl».~d to more

I redit than the judge. The rights of l‘he par-nts should be fully respected

It-y thi- probation ofliceri, and ir: alll

roc»;~-_-clings before the court the par-

. 'its must be considered as superior I -- those of :he'Stait- unless and un- I'?l the pan.-nts forfeit these rights -"ntii that sad time comes. the prim- .rj-' aim should be to strengthen the

I tmily ties. All othcials of juvenile I nuru should b-_- sensitively solicltous l u recognizing and preserving, wher- `-ver possible. the rizhts nf. parents ver their children. Their aim should

5 -e to keep the family together. By

‘te exercise of tact and path.-ncc on "‘e part of our probation officers. mar- "ed couples have been induced to re ~nite, and their homes have b»-en _ riadc hi plac-.-s for the growth of chil- lren.

All social work~:-rs. to be successful.

'mst undertake their work in the =piri< of Christian brotherhood, There ~re sonic men and many womwu who ‘ifuse into social service that religi- us spirit which inalrrfs such service ~f the highest value. but I have met "hers who have undertaken the work `u a spirit of selfcouscious virtue, ln "une other cases they undertake tl-i»_-is fork with an entire absence oi' spirit- ialiiy. and seein obsessed by a love of =tatistlcs and a desire to do their sn- -‘lal work always in a most 'scienti- tc" way. One social worker of SWB! energy, and a passion for statistics. was deeply distressed. and indulged 'ri lamcntatious to mc. because sho had missed an opportunity to have a mentally defective bo:-' examinfvi by a specialist who was passing through Halifax. \\'e all knew that the bo:-‘ was mentally defective. but she was extremely anxious to ii-st him hy the Binet-Simon system. which. by th-r way. is by no means au infallible guide.

Some of the best work done for the

Juvenile Court has been done by kintlhearted women who are unfam- iliar with the latent theories of so- ci0_l0SF. and know nothing of the ln- trfmries or mysteries of the Billet- Simon system. but ibn voluntarily and cheerfully. from supernatural mo- tives. labor in better the condition of the afflicted. the helpless and the de- fective. just because these unfortun- ates are "God's poor." This-spiritual. unstatistical kindness makes the strongest appeal to the poorand the

|a tried. The poor in Nova Scotia

Irareiy have to endure that other type

of "lady visitors." who looks upon thc very poor as creatures qf another world. and whose hepeilant fnaslness. uanaeous prying and condescending gractousnesa are resented by the. very poor. and make her I hindrance nth er than a help in the work of the court. On the other hand great praise should be given to the ictortan Oo der of Nurses for their tactfnl and practical work. _

ofm. _ the provincial and municipal gov-l

aatboeauseofalreltdealofde

it la the carton to blame poverty

inqnency and vice. But poverty is

... _*__*

--»-~o-.-.-~.~o.-.-.»

-.--

---ft-n hlau:--rl ton much t-1-r.1-n- '*

. .

f- _

fr.."abi».~ ii-Jun; *»-.tam~- iuratixatt-d with

.i-.~ c airs-r ij- joe r~:‘ rtzf.-‘fi-_-s and vaude-

’s. vi.'».u--s :-.re i`.~u!ii ir. “:~» pour 'iz _viii-= This "our: girl s'art'-'i writ,-

Zull nic-aslir--_ Many 0: rl;-._ir s'.'.=-ri- its "low,--’.el:-.-rs" is

*'\'uin‘~s and d»’l‘nfufn»:‘i-= "»- ici'

..= .. _i. ...i..-..-

,to ign:-r.irn + rather than moral tur;=i- 'f-1s‘.~ s-.-ritimeutality i'.u'l»- I rin-i that msn;-' of °.'n- tguilrl---2 `“1,»'.r’ar in fern-.~ 1.-i' these I.-h=ap shows

". I 2i:'l's nzo ~' `

, .

or t‘~.~ pmt, wifi -.tri-.iid i... -_;-15r_5_;\- class#-1 '-ei' - . ts,at'~;-:‘-é1l:‘-' -9..

ment. Thr-_-= are evils :Rom which :he poor in cities and ini.lus‘.r:;ll c-r.-_ tr-;-s su;I'ei' and for which the poet'

are the oy-pro-in-:is of city lite. ln’ lyzucs in Canadian cities f-coz. - ami-: and social conditions have »‘-x clude-l the fath.-r from t'n>> life of the boy. and 'hc-_v are aim-os! strung-;-rs to i-.sch oth--.~ Th- n:.»i`..-r‘= sup-.~r\'isi=:: ala-:».\ i-' ~'»:"_-n ina~l-'-r:_~.iat».>. J

.-\.itl;r\u=:h at p»r-`.»rit:ig».- of ver:-'l

poor .=.r-.- :-“;iffi»~--so and in-.-tt1.:i-_-nt th-re _ is e in-'fn lata--.' p-.~.'ce§za-:- capable -t-f 1»~u_I.uz :is-ini ..;;»Z :n'i=pe:‘.!-~r:;1 Ein*-'< ani a:i.'.i»‘I.~ '-I -in #3, but .*.:i;.‘i: ‘sppwl 1’»;.- f-':s‘..-.-'i--.- '-'-I-i=`h iL;»-jr -.att 10?. o'-'_--:‘f'-r:i~.- It w_‘»:.il'i “~= folly 3-. iéuv ‘bat ;:_.in§- ot' iE.- p>'~:' il;1-;»-:txt-try; oi ti;-f ri-.ti E21'-'|~ 'zra~.-.- fault.-_ but ah-'-re at-, °..'c=i-anis -;:' ;:i.-tar.. _ a'l;».-r-- t:..,- poor am 1‘.;.::;p»_-rg-.1 h-_ g_-_us as :fhich :hey f,a:ino: rf~:;x¢>-23:, in man? ir..-tar.~:r-s. r»:':er noting the per er'.Z-` of a Dazticuiar i'ar:iil;.'_ wr- push--l '-rr wizfz our inculr? and go: into :li--I hacicgr;-um! in .~ -er.-ning :'-:»r_ ;`.".»- -r- :.2 ’ c:iu<-;- of-tit- rl--liuqr-aI-j.~ of th.-» 5.113; I er m=r'ih-ra ol' th-': 5:-mlly an-.i 'xl l`r~_-- que-nili' found t?i:~.v. pm-prty had f->r». ad 'a:r:lli»-s in =ubmit to d-grading ir.; conditions. ‘»vl\e.'r‘ the de-°--nci~~" ot' life -27-ulfi nt' he :n:iiu’.;iin» '.l. uc! the sense of =Z‘.-ar-_'io on the part of 1';-~ ciiildren had been r.~c~.»>sarii;»' dull---1

' f_;.__|_.

d` ` th .-oi. d .

..-

Th.-v were fora.-d to ur. »- ~n~ :tions at stun: »1'. min 'ml ‘ soul. Prop-.r privacy, .which is r.-1..-'I site for d»-cv-ni living. is unattainabl- fit pres-nt for many families in 1:-1.7 cities. and the result is deuioraii4ii.f,' "o exlstinz machinery can ad-f-iuat-fi;-‘ prof-.-f.»t inf- fhiifi of tht- slums. and certain kin-l.~ of juvenile delinquency will alway.- continue under such cor. fiitions, .\lt1';out:`n gov»~:-nm-nts .~a.'.- nit. abolish poverty they can improv. some of th-\ laws which bear h-;avil_-' and unjustly upon thc should-rs of the honest. p-our

There are evils against whiih il.».'

Poor cannot ad-.-quately prob.-ct th-='.u- zi-flves. and wlxich fall with cruel and frmhine welsh: upon ti:-;-tn but notwithstanding handicaps they show an endurance which is the tru-st' courag»-. and l know that tL< white-t_ '-‘lrtue ls often found among.-'1. the-:::, They its-nc-rally bear their burdens with paiienf- and hope. and with .i freedom from envy and jealr.-u<_\‘. TE.~.» besi fri-.-ods of the poor are the poor. ln all my t-xtrsric-ucc in the .luvc-nii-:_ Court nothing has impressed me so much as th-f cbivalrous s»flf-.~'acrinf:- ing spirit in which the poor h-lp the poor. A poor, _over-woriterl woman. with halt' a doz-1-ii little children of ‘ner own, will cheerfully aid with hr.-r scant means at sick neighbor, and d~~ , vote hours. in which she herself ne--is sl-ep. to ministering to this neizh-I bor and to taking charge of this szcl; womans children. in one instance. when thanked for this service. one' fornan merely said. "Sh-.in-. i'.`s _no_ trouble at all-l‘ve got so many chil-- der’ of my own that a couple- of more don't make any difference." Evert' day in every city of Canada thousands , of kind deeds are done 'ny the poor for the very poor, and hundreds of little gifts pass from almost empty to quite empty. thin and trembling hands. `

The chief ofl‘lcials of the Halifax

1'

c ymuri: man.

1*. tlzes-e1\~'.1ers an-r»; till-i wizh the

and coar=en-ess

ni.

-. .;.‘ ti-:cam-;» eventually'

. 11.- poi wn»;-re impure

I. _ 3: 1 ii1.'.\-Ii' '_ fn " -1 'U '1~ ir. l':i1ly or physicaiiy 1l»ft'eciiv~§, nn? I "eras fails-'l to shock and ii-_-r sense 'mainly :i-_--_-fi sp--cial medical tr»-an Z was lost. ' °

_ She wan.-.»-l to-be

. "1:-.\roine" .ind salrrince all for l-ive" Possibly to adults -;r to well- 'tl:ir.-':-'1 minds such play.-1 rouse no

(should not he hlarr.~'~d.-».-vil.- which but they give young girls and

‘irirlren a false idea of right and rong. What perspective have- these

mn? zirls on life to judge the'trufr

'rom rho fals-T To them the film Ls ’ true picture of 221- vrorl-.l. in :(351.5 f il.-_-.--1 _-irons and l-zindr 1 "novel- "`.!"~"` un~'l-rl_ving ar‘:u:ni_-ng ig that i' ` i;af.:r:-nl and -xi -15;.:-if,_ ;0 zur. limb 'emptauf-n on-1 that it is 'i'.~t rf-';<on:ibl~.= to oxpec* za "Er,-r-ii;-,.," 'J Z.-:ti -. d»~=:~~r.i 1111-. `.‘. _*_-ft ";.- "heri-

. .

,, .

in-1' fail- thc hur».-»ri i.-; nor ;-1_,.¢._..g on "-r ~‘>..1;.»-l_. .-I".<,;;§fl,.rs, 5 -_.ms _'-1-= fri-n'». all 7.-_.L-nn.-ibilitf. _ :'i'i.-_- 15.- war 'Ep fl--Ein-._';s-:xt girl

‘>rJi»L»-rn l;-.<1 b».~corr.-- mu. 1; rg-.gpg .rav-» Tl;--` wi'.;:'ir-.twsl -_-1' f.~i2`»>c:lv¢ '~`r.-zztsl supervision. in .-cnsfgquence _v' the ai>.=»-nee os' a father ov-rseas, :i..s :,.;-=-n nr. allitlimel -~.z;;=-~ nf }uv- enil-'~ df.-lir.qu».r.cy. as i'. in'-'olv=.d de Ti'-'=\Ii~r1 of ».<=~.:it;nE moral support, 'h-> :;\.~f5-r b-15.2,' ~;-m;-filinrs inrap tT'.l»~ f.-1' <_;-:tr;~llln.g tEi-.- condo.: of bt-r airl-

Msny children art- exce--:~dlrigly -tus-

cepflbl-~ to -ues--.-tion. and it would seen. that .-om-.~ apparr.-ntiy normal cnildr--ri do not rt-ath ’.h~~ "age of reason" b»»:'or-~ :htir twlfth -:fr thir- :--enth year. They are initiative. and are as r-ad? to i.'iiit.>.’-.1 wrongdoing 'is right-doing.

Recently, in Nova Scotia.. two chil-

`.-en. aged »»l»'fven and thirteen years :--.;p~.-ciivvly-_ 'saw at tin- "movies" a representation of wrecking of a .';ilv.-ag: train. A -few evenings after-

=r's they placed a boulder on a

'ali-ray track and waited for the an- ticipated w'r»:-ck, Fortunabsly their is--t was dircovervd in tim-~ to avert Boss of iff-_ (Jrl`tv~ial cf-nsor~'hlp of the 'no'-'ie.-' is n~\v».-ssary. but parental c»-n.-orslilp i.-' also indispensable.

.\lan_v luv-.r1ii».» delinquents, while ‘nminzily adherents of som* form of "i*ris:ianit;'. actually lack any religi- ous faith --r practice. so nsential in :usral dw- I-opment and character for- visilon Their parents arc not church- go-frs. ar.-i the children have never r-:-:eived ang: r--lizious instruction which would give them an incentive '.0 avoid evil. _-\t't»-r a Judicial experi- ence of .--»vf»n:»e.-ri y--'its in 1 crimin- al court and six years in a juvenile court. i am certain that there would be much lass nec-i for such courts if were :vit-ation were paid to the reli- ‘l\us training of cnil-iren. Nothing els-1 tan »=ilvftEv-lv .=:~m the rising tide oi' d»1in-qu-an-:y and vice. Religious influence is the best agent of reform. and :-_-ligioii must be the corner-st-one of any arf-_--.tive plan to improve thc youni.

what is most needed today is not

more l-;-gislatioa, but mf.-rv momliza- 'inn-not more Law. but more religion. By religion I dont me-an that diluted -.ini possessed by that portion of mankind described by Macaulay as having religion enough t`o make them uneasy when they do wrong and not religion enough to ktep tbcm from doing wrong. R»-al religion should mean not only belief but action in conformity with such belief. Such re- ligion is the most emcacions factor in imrttytnz the heart and guiding- and strengthening tho will. Law cannot

Pnifce'i»'orc-- have rendered efficient `-take the Pitt# of Nlitivfl- D|9¢|9u,I"

help in special cases when called up-

arymounreseanooltrolonly the

on. The court regards them as in- valuable colleagues in social service. Occasionally a new policeman fails to understand the primary purpose of the court. Nothing is more painful to the conventional mind than to deal with a new idea. and a new pol- iceman aometlmes cannot sympatheti- caily comprehend this modern treat- ment of juvenile dellnqueuis. Oth--r, officials, includinl some rural magi--. trates. have such revercnct- for tin.- technicalitlrs of the law that they unconsciously impede justice, They are like .\lollere's dovtor_ who protest- ed vehemently against saving n pati- enrs life by breaking a principle of medical treatment. . o i _The Juvenile Court is intended for' the protection of children. but pn- venilve protection should begin at the homo itself. in many cues of de- linquency we found that parents did not exercise any elective supervision over their cbildretfs selection of am-