Trili GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

PAGE NINE

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n w. Mlimh News helm- to rum“; we stated that we should y wmming about Educational ‘miners in this issue of the prison ‘ muck-norm. szmmms

1, u m; understanding of the that umsoo will ar- ém, m- at least three Educa- tional Seminars in 194B. Each 59mins: will be held, in e differ- m; ygglon, with UNEi bear-

tlu administrative expenses m4 the cost of board and lodg- ln; o! the participants. The Sem- [pars will deal with selected as-

PQCLS of the Intel range ofeduca- uon and the recommended topics

c: . “l. Education of teachers (prob- ably held in Britain).

g, Education of preadolescen‘. yhlltircn.

3. Education through youth org- anizations. ' -

a. Ln collaboration with the United Nations. education about the United Nations and its spe- elalizezl agencies. ‘This would deal with the problem of teaching about the UN effectively in schools. (Probably held in New York, seat or in Peril. seat of UNESCO).

Participants in each of the Sem- inars would not be over 100 in number.

The C. F. T. suggests that in- tercsted teachers ‘Cflmmllllifliit with their provincial organization ,(P.E.I.T.F.)

Teachers selected by this org- anization would be sent on to the C.'l‘.F. for further screening“ as qualifications must be considered for such s seminar.

CANADIAN RESEARCH COM- MITTEE ON PRACTICAL EDUCATION

As s. result of such set-up, some teachers have received two letters from the Department of. Educa- tion along with questionnaires to be filled out over a period of time by rhe teacher receiving same. Any teacher wishing further informa- tion about this project and ques- tionnaires will be given an op-

portunlty to have all questions answered at our ‘Easter Conven- lion.

Your General Secretary is the representative of the P. ELI. T. F. on this Research Committee. and commends your every effort on ill-r. soriinrhlie project.

FILMS

Al. the January meeting of the o. '1'. P. in Ottawa,- the following resolution was passed: _

' That the Provincial Organiza- Jiiuirs be requested to study the 3 matter of teacher training in the use of Audio-Visual Aids, and that teacher training centres not already doing so be urged to give not only instruction in the opera- tion of equipment but also defin-

ite training in the technique of ;uslng films as an instructional medium.

‘. Mr. Ralph MscLecn has been ‘made chairman of our PLEJIIIP‘. . lllm Committee to act as a liaison ,' Oommitte to the C3121".

I TEACHER. SIIORTAGE

_ Dlvld Munroe, President of our l6. '1‘. 7.. at the opening of the , new National Office in Ottawa. in ; January. 1948. spoke as follows re . this matter: "In 193D practically all the classrooms in the country "Ye lllfvervise by qualified teach- m- The extent of their academic and professional training was not what we would have liked it to be ; lnzl the salaries they were paid r for their services were miserly to L I decree. Yet, with these reserva- f tions. they were teachers. Nine w years later, the situation is much I worse. During the interval many l of our colleagues )eft the class- room to play en heroic part in

(‘By l. A. S.

IMPROVEMENT IN EDLJFATION

REVIEW Williams)

armed services and very few of these returned to teaching after their discharge. Others entered more remunerative, occupations in industry and commerce. As s re- sult of these ‘losses and ‘as e. re- sult of the smaller mimber of candidates who‘ are now entering tribune schools and colleges. about 12% of the classroom of this country are now supervised by persons without professional qualifications. It is almost im- possible to exaggerate the evil ef- fects of this crisis on" Canadian life. We mustettack the problem with vigour and dispatch." The latest report of the Canadian Education Association (the C.E.A.) gives a total shortage 041270. The actual enrolment of teachers in teacher training institutions is 1833, whereas the annual normal enrolment required is 10507. This latter figure is the enrolment nec- essary to make good existing shortages in 3 years, while provid- in: for ordinary replacements. Thus, over the total of Canada we are going to have a B50 teacher surplus enrolment over shortage. This will not at all provide for the average annual lose to the profes- sion.

P. E. I. has a smaller enrolment in its teacher training depart- ment thls year in comparison with last year's which is not at all en- couraging, with our approximate 60 permit teachers and 70 Third Class.

\ EDUCATION WEEK

This year, in order to look after in proper fashion the Education Wcck programme. Miss Estelle Bowness. along ‘with the members of both the Educational Forum and Publicity Committees, has been chosen to look after our P. E. I. '1'. P. affairs.

Tire daics for the programme will be November i4 to 20 inclus- ive. with the following rl-ally top- ics:

Learning to liive Together.

Expanding the Educational Pro- grc-znmc.

Securing Qualified Teachers.

Providing Adequate Finance.

Safeguarding our Heritage.

Promoting Health and Safety.

Developing Worthy Family Life.

‘A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT

since the meeting of the board of governors. we held three meet- ings of the executive. At the first mEGLIsr5'-"-=V8BSHOIB8 were filled in the different committees. ‘Too,- the resolutions passed by the locals were dealt with and sent to their destinatoln. ‘Hie salary and pen- slon committees have met. A resume of each will be given at the

Easter Convention. The pro- gramme committee have wbrked diligently and strenuously and

should bring before us a worth- while programme.

May we say that your execu- tive. the Department and the dif- ferent committees fervently ask each teacher in endeavour to st- tsnd this convention and to be present at all sessions. You will be asked to send imsuggestions (constructive criticisms) at the time of the convention. Those are to be used as an aid for next year's meeting. Bo come prepared and let us have many, many of them. And may we add another point, send in suggestions to the chairmen of the different commit-

You will remember that each local was asked to send in ma- teriel to our Publicity director. The purpose of this is threefold: (i) To ease the very strenuous work of the Publicity Director; (2) To learn whet teachers wish published: (B) And as r third perhaps to improve the "l-forison". Up to the latter part of February. e wonderful supply of material has been handed in. So now it is up to the rest to follow in line.

the slruggie as members of the

You will too, I know.

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Degree o? Bachelor of Arts. ; Gvoduete courses for PIIIO

: obfiflfflhryfrt ‘Centre.

University Residence open

For information write-I-

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n. University 0r l... Brunswick

\ ‘ rwsuncno ~’ SUMMER 8588191‘ July fi-August 14

Courses In all regular: Arts and Science subiecfe for the

I Pointing end Sketching, with’ m: Nicol MecLeed or n»

Supervised Recreation including Pool under the Physical Director.

motions should be modeeeriy. g ~ "

some a Metros Regime‘:

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‘Hie following material was

contributed by the Teachers of the Sourislbocal. An ocean current is a movement of the surface water of the ocean currents are the result of pre- vailing winds or differences of temperature or difference of sal- inity. Ourrents which are caused by prevailing winds are known as drift currents. ‘These follow the directions of the winds except when contact with islands sulb- marine ridges. coast-lines or other current forces them out of their paths. The rotation of the earth also alters this course or direc- tions. A current is named from the direction from which it flows. Currents flowing from the north or south polar. regions are cold. those from the equator are swarm. _Cold currents was the east coast of the continents in the north hemisphere, warm currents was their west coasts of the contin- ents in the north hemisphere and the east coasts of .tiie south hemisphere.

The best known drift current is the Gulf stream. This is form- ed frem the equatorial drift cur- rent which enters the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea.‘ flows round it and finally leaves the Gulf of Florida channel be- tween Florida and Cuba, it then flows along the east coast of the United States as far as Cape Hatteras where it broadens out and assisted by the prevailing south west winds. flows eastward across the Atlantic Ocean as the Gulf Stream Drift. About half- way across the Atlantic it divides into two parts, one portion pro- ceeding east and south to skirt the west coasts of Spain and North Africa. the other portion fiowinz north east and continuing undel the, influence of the prevailing winds till it reaches the British Isles, Norway and the Arctic Ocean. ‘The Gulf Stream leaves the Gulf of Mexico as a river of very salt water, 5o miles broad and 2,000 feet dwp. cnoving with s srpeed of e miles per hour and hav- ing s surface temperature of 80 degrees l". Speed and tempera- ture gradually decrease and the porticmof the Gulf Stream reach- ing (he British Isles has a speed of 4. miles per day. and a surface warmth of 60 degrees F. From this warm surface drift north western Europe largely derives its mild weather climate.’ The cor-rc- sponding stream in the Pacific is the Kuro Shiwo (black stream) n warm current which washes the shores of Japan and reaches the west shores of North America.

Doldrums are belts of calms and. light; variable winds between the north east and south cast ‘Trade Winds. The belt is found over the ocean at or near the equator-and changes its position according as the sun moves north or south of the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The air is hot and steamy, rainfall is very heavy and frequent, severe thunderstorms oc- cur and winde are squally. Coral is a kind of rock formed from the lard lirny skeletons or frame- works of minute marine animals called coral polyps. Muititudes of these tiny creatures chiefly mad- repores and mullipores, attach themselves to under-water rocks and. peaks and, by the secretion of carbonate of lime from the sea. generations of poiylps gradually build up the rocks till they reach the surface in the form of reefs or islands. This active lauilding is carried on in the -tropical seas be- tween 30° north and south of the equator. There are three kinds of coral reef. If the reef is close to or attached to an island or part of the mainland it is called a winging Reef (common in the East Indiesl. ff it runs roughly parallel to the mainland from- which it i: separated by a navig- able channel of considerable width it is called a Barrier Reef, (Great Barrier ‘Reef. Australia, 1.200 miles long). The reef may take _the form of an atoll. an irregular ring- shaped island surrounding a cen- tral lagoon. (Many in Larcadive and Maldive islands. Coral rock may be of many colors (green. red, blue. pink. yellow), which combine to give the reefs their beautifir‘. tints. Coral polyps can only live

Master of Arts Degree.

Swimming-In Residence

for botiilmen end women. Ree-

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in the warmer parts of the ocean and in clear very salty water and they find most food arid grow fastest on the seaward sides of reefs and atolls. They cannot live at a greater depth than 1B0 feet. The chief coral formations are found in the Gulf of Mexico and the west coast of Florida. the western ndian ocean and particu- larly the wee-tern Pacific Ocean. The red or precious corsi found ~ in the shallow parts of the Medi- terranean Bea along the coasts of Tunisia. Algeria and orocco and other parts is much used for mak- ing jewellery and ornaments. A volcano is an opening ipv the earth's crust through which melt- ed rock or lava, rock hsgments, ashes. and steam sre elected from the hot interior-J The ejection of material is called an eruption. The materiel forms a cone-shaped hill or mountain round the open- ing with a crater or cm at the summit. Some of the lava may fill cracks oo fisswee in the wells of the volcano or underground and when it cools and herdens it is

i; geul first is the ruler of. Green. -

f. lust of the people of Egypt rerbllohsshmedsna- ~ ‘ ‘ I. Inst of the inhabitants of

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

i-nsssmiuc saws AND viawsov nwraassr T0 TEACHERS am» ALL oraaas streams

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‘ GEOGRAPHY

known as s. dyke. Pumice atone is the solidified froth or scum of larva. The supposed flame of a volcanois merely the reflection of the red-hot rock within the crater on n. cloud of vapour which forms above s mountain. ‘

Geyser is a natural fountain throwing up a column of hot wit. er or steam at more or less regu- lar intervals. It consists of a crater-like basin above ground and a nanow passage underground. Water accumulates in the passage or in its expansion becomes gradu- ally hotter until the pressure of the watcryoverhead is overcame by that of the steam generated near the source of the heat. and a column of hot water is shot up the tube into the air. The water falls back into the basin or around it and on cooling or evaporating deposits mineral matter which it has held in solution (mainly siilcai and successive form the basin. As geysers only occur in regions where volcanoes have been recently act- ive, the source of heat hot under- ground lava. and since geyers gradually cease working. the lava is probably cooling. ‘The best known geyserrare those of Ice- lzmzi (near Mt. Hekin), Yellow- stone Park. Wyoming, US.A., and North island of New Zealand (near Lake Taupe).

ALBERTA TAB SANDS

Centuries ago, Alberta was a warm. steamy plain, over which the d-iosaurs plodded. About the same time a strange oil mine was being formed in the northern part of Alberta, drained by the Atha- baska and its tributaries. Scien- tists believe that the Clearwuier River, a. broad pro-historic stream at that time, washed clown untold quantities of eroded sandstone. and churned it up with the vege- table muck of the swamps. Spring time brought floods and this mix- ture was spread over the country- side by the turbulent, swollen riv- er. As years passed by. the river dug a deeper channel, sprinfl floods no longer spilled over the high clay banks. and the deposits of sand and swamp muck were left at rest to form .pet.roieum. sun, wind and rain were shut away from the oil sand by cover- ing of sediment and plant growth.

Long before explorers 501mm this region, Indians used thc brown, oil sand for their camfl" fires, in place of wood. It burns with intense heat, and Pwdiwes yellow flames. Sometimes P0915 of oozing, black tar were found along the stream, and they used ii. to repair birch bark canoes. The medicine men valued 1t for its curative lwwefs- The “"55 were dry to the touch, and when cold, could be crumbled without- soiiing the hands.

The first record of these oil sands was found in the diary 0f Peter Pond, 1788 (an exploit!)- He tells of the towerins CW5 0T clay and sand. WW9!‘ W mama” fir trees, that walled the rivers of the northland. He sees on w w“ of t-hc black. oily streaks in thew cliffs and of how they aroused h-IS curiosity. He persuaded the Iri- dram to show him other streaks along the streagis, and to point oultnmffigarffiigli; we lllmdied years latell‘. the Dmmmn “vam- ment sent out a 8901081“ W’ ‘it’; Dlore and. mill? 0"‘ 13nd ma‘ e_ m the Atliabaska reflim- ' port on soaked sands ppgmpled Raobert Bell, o. famous ggqgraphfil’ and naturalist. t0 8° and see the formation for him- self, lie found that the oil Bands extended i8! 191°!‘ m’ ‘ma’ ‘u: were not confined to the rv banks. As r0011“: “i1 W"?! were the chief uses mi- peiwlw“; m mo“, years, ‘the oil sands Wei‘ not considered ‘of 8168i Wmme"

cial value.

It is an aocepwd ‘MI’ m“ g: n. obtained by d-rillinl ‘"1"- h' when news of the oil sands reac - ed mg public, speculators lost £0 time in obtaining leases and dr - n-ig oil wells. After a0 rem "m; gave up, for in that time no oil -had been located. and the ° “m; were considered a freak- The Dominion Government then closed the area to speculators and made it a national reserve. Any- one desiring io leave the oil sands had to produce proof of a. prac- tical process for extracting oil from the sand. From then on. 011T“ to be mined, not drilled.

Inventors spent years seas-chin! (or a. process by-which the Pei- roieum could be separated from the sand. Finally the Fitzsim- mons process was proved practical for commercial use, and it was patented and financed in the United States.

Low oiiprices and leek of a suitable market has retarded de- velopment of the oil mines. But the new industry is growing. The greatest obstacles are high freight rates, and long distance from markets. But it hes a great ad- vantage in the low cost of produc- tion and the high-quality of the ‘product obtained. Scientists have estimated that the 5.000 square miles of mapped oil sands eon- tein one hundred billion barrels of oil. Watch Canada's oil mines grow and cmsnd into a great in- dustry. '

JUST THINK-

l. Mr. John A. Costello is Prim Minister of freland. - e. Imsis Pasteur was a greet scientist. e. One of the leading anti-Com

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7- $371?!“ No. 1 across the United States is the name of an airplane route. - ~

B. What is sometimes referred to ls the ‘fcold -wsr" is the con. flict between Communism and democracy. ,

9. The United Nations General Assembly voted the partition of Palestine into two independent countries.

l0. The Oomihtern is the name of a Communist organization.

ll. The substance used in mak- ing atomic bombs is uranium.

'12. The largest country border- ing on the Arctic Ocean is Russia.

1B. The island of Corregidor is

Burma. noted for its rubies and sapphires. Joined the ranks of the free nations on January 4. Grant- ed their freedom after 122 years of British rule. the people Joyous- ly celebrated their independence. In Rangoon there were cheers as the new Burmese flag-red with

TWO NEW SELF-GOVERNING

While Burma has gained its in- dependence, the Malayan Federa- tion and the Island of Ceylon have both been made self-governing riominlons. Sir Henry Moore is the Governor General of Ceylon and D. S. Senanayake is Prime

WORLD PEACE THREATEN

0n the day before. Christ-n“ Greek Communists, led by Markos Vaiiades. proclaimed the indu- pendence of a mountainous rcgion near the Albanian border. They besieged the mountain town of K031i“. which they wished to make their capital. Forces sent by the Greek government relieved the garrison and drove the Com- munists sway. But it was diffi. cult to pursue them through the snow-filled trails and mountain passes.

What makes the situation so dangerous to world_ peace 1;; r1151», Russia. through her satellites Al-I b61118. Buifllfla. and Yugoslavia. is aiding the Greek rebels. while the United States, in an effort to halt Communism, i5 aiding m; Greek government forces with arms and supplies.

Should Russia's puppets recog-

nize fhe new "free state". they 111W b88111 openly to send ‘t air- craft and heavy artillery. ‘Finn

the government troops would need more aid.

Well known is Russia's delerm- "ill-IOT- ‘~0 Control Greece and Italy in order to have bases on the Med-iteiranean Sea. The Ameri. can fit-er. (an aircraft car three light cruisers, and l0 uns- troycrsi \\'lll now have on board United States marines to keep a

. THE NEWEST NATION

five white sfvrs on a blue field— ti t t- ~

was raised over the Government ix, dfiwoég‘ ggmfndmgffe“:

"mm- M t z its '4 ' ' Th! 119W fqPlibiic of Burma hss BUOOQIIIOMS. 1 Isoopoo peep“ “e

In the Philippines.

l4. The highest tides in theI world are ln'the Bay of Fundy.

i5. The North Magnetic pole. are in Canada. ,

16- A lame part of what. was formerly the Indian Empirg i; now the country of Pakistan.

"- The Only Balkan country that is not dominated by Russia .5 Greece.

18. The permanent home of the United Nations is m b. m New York.

m- AF U10 Present time there are 57 nations in the United Nail...“

I0, Trouble continues in Pales- tine because the Arabs do um want partition,

as its proiuslonal president San Shwe Thaik (sah or shway thike.) The first act of the new par-fig. merit was to ratify a treaty with Great Britain. By its gal-mg Burma's debt to Britain is can. celled, and Britain receives the right to keep military missions m