JANUARY 16. 1954

PIDIACE

1: is not often that we realize that they institutions which we now take for granted did not always exist and that their present posi- tinn is but the result of n t'I'ilIllllUOl.lS and continuing evolution. and so it is with- St. Dunstanis College.

.-is the opening date of we Centennial Year ap- iunavhes. men, recalling the earlier days in Prince Ed- il'lTd island history, and alumni going back in spirit to the early days of St. Dun. stan's. are led to search the records of those years and merits. From time to time iu-lurians have recounted the outstanding events in so. Dunstan's history and have written them and pre- srrvefl them for us.

Some graduates still live uiin can go back over many icars and recall from per- mnai experience interesting nnrl historic events of the - first century. St. Dunstan's own records, however, pro. title the best source of in- formation available. f o r KlllCe the first day of college life, January 18, 1855. noth. We of record value has been lust. The registers of the many rectors are perfectly mmpletc. So too are the ac- :IIl('mIP records of all thr- -ludents who ever attended -it. Dunstan's.

From the writings of his. I-irinns. from the memories or men still living, and from St. Dunstan's own Xocords iivi shall draw our material for our weekly Column,

The dates 1855-1954 may i'.li5E doubts in the minds of men the least mathemati. iiliy minded amongst us. -'i. l)unstan's was late opening for imr first school year 1834-i855,Next lli,v's Commencement will mark in-. closing of the one hundredth

a'r-ntennial Year.

1 brief sketch of the historical t'l4'lll.S leading up to and at-ierizing the early liunstan's is in

years of St. order. in! and l')ircrior,i"' which of the Seventy-Fiftli of the College.

Anniversary

St. Andrew's College 1531-1844

l-iiiiwuszh St. Dunstan's College vi-' reached a vent-ruble age, and

first Catholic Institution of higher learning. In 1829, when Charlotte. lilllll uas made fl. :;onar.atr- dio- l3is'i' .

ltV'llIl.t'ld that since the

vii:-ii enjoyed autonomy. it uw longer look abroad for men to uiililc its destiny. In Europe men

.,-,-,.

.1, .1 diocese uld

imitated to undergo the rigor mid hart ..', - .-, ilimatc: in Chlililtiil i. I I Iuli

l”"Ili.i' work in their ruin field of liimr, without the zidrlitionnl bur- rir-ii of the little colony on the Atlantic coast. The diocese must innit within itself. Accordingly n”h0D MacEachcrn, in the sum- mcr of 1830. held :1 meeting of iii” ll"inCilial men of his diocese in 'iF'l'lSP ways and means. to ed- Iif its the youth-itnot only for the Iliurch, but for any other secular "iiilii0.Vment." The next year he Halted New Brunswick, then part of his diocese, but received little l"”'UiIFnIzement for his plans there. iic continued to Halifax to inter- lirlv Bishop Fraser. While there. 10 nict Reverend Edward Walsh. -1 riccnt Irish emigrant. who had ””'i" Previous experience in teach- Wz. Father Walsh was persuaded '" "Wimnany Bishop Mncliachern. ruiil to take up once more the du- "N 01 teaching.

i”C0Fdini1i.V. upon his return. n”ii0l'i Macliachcrn prepared his "Wfl residence at St. Andrew's for " ''"iiclzc. and on the Feast of St. -iiidr;-w 19:41 with Father Walsh is first rector. St.- Andrew's Col. W9 was formally opened. Humble as was its beginning, meagre as lib” its equipment, yet if the 1:- ifild has contributed more than hi 511101-ii to the Catholic priest- h:"i'v Our gratitude should go out W ilc zeal. foresight. and deter- hlfllltlflfl of Bishop Macliachern. '-i '0 amidst apparently insur- uniintable difficulties, founded St. Andrews College.

A board of trustees was ap- iltllnicrl for the College and in- grllinrntcd by art of Legislature. M; rn small government grant of M”! pounds was made while the M "R" was in existence. Among Wamrcctors following Father mmi. were Reverend- Charles RI-ad Vonaid. Reverend J a m e s "he 3. and Reverend Pius Mc- mmfl-I Francis John MacDonald. :13 ifriy known as Father Fran- x- this the first student of St. ”i”""lV8 College. raised to the Eidcsthood. In all. two Bishops be lwliniv-two priests, are num-

”'d limo"! St. Andrew's alumni.

'Bt- l)unstan's 135103

hr!" 1544 Bishop Bernard Mac- Rilifi. decided it to be in the my interests of the diocese. to hr.-e the College and to build a ,'u,'."' "Nd more up-to-date insti- lnnign near Charlottetown. In 1045 H" or: wi-re”calied for the erec- ':l 0f a new college on the site We '9' Present St. Dunstanis which ""6113! then ealled,Mt. st. BOW ,0 1 For nine years the truggle M tifct this building was Mid unds were almost unobtalnabie "0 were It not for donations ,W:" the society for the Propos- H " Of the Faith. established in u:'?f"- the building could not uni have been computed. The "in: was of wood. and in news-

”! 9. lira, id that with "NPI , 6 qhl comm .. dine. it was the most magni-

il” Vii” "D0" ii"? ”Souvenir Book-i

:St.;.Dunsta1fs--.--One Hundred Years

12

THE GUARDIAN. ETOWN '

were urged to remain firm. Our farmers had scarcely sacrificed good breeding rows and lowered their nights when marketing prices be- gun to strengthen. They have been strong ever since. and at the pre- sent: moment Grade A hogs at the local abattoir are quoted at 35c per pound. This is an excellent price, especially in view of grain costs.

At the recent Dominion - Prov- incial Conference it was indicated that there would be a considerable increase in sow breedings during the present period. and that park prices should remain firm until at least the last quarter of 1954. This seemed to be the opinion in Can- adian circles, and in United Btates circles as well. with a change for lower price levels showing up

Dunstan's College-1502,

St. Andrew's College

iCullege; hut the formal did not take place until January ,1 umc, The public 17, 1855. The college was

charge of two

IJames Phclan. assistant. Mr. Mac- iDonuld was ordained priest in

Phelan that

first term. being all

MM .1 d I mm) war-iii.-ouirl accept, as the college ii.-asimriml .-m-riculum, mm the i i-tr in .. on the occasion not completed llisitle. .1-urther -l'tf'-,iut,1n(l;-H-(l of ti-,9 pqurgp given, Tm- filIFin.'-Zliracling clerics. educatlonalists and Mid iii? Fniioiinivnllstatesnien of the colony attended. OE . . Ii the students registered during fllbiaminntlons

coniniodations were made the summer begun to increase gradually.

9CC19Sic'lSliCS. ME marked proficiency in

..-hooi year. 1054 is, therefore, the Angus MacDonald as ltecior ulltllcacsag-'5 commentaries, as well as

char- November of that year; and Mi-.'as well 35 10 the eduwlional ta). in August 1856. Eisiilcen cut of the teachers. The accounts For this students were enrolled during theigf the clo5ing oxgrclgos year after iiIP.l':year, impress the reader with the

0Pl'iii'i.Ziat the progress made in so short

examination.

"Lille custom oil those du.l'S. showed

Virgil and

great facility in French. The high- cst praise is given the students.

high

and took an actual part in the ex- and invariably did

first term. the inst to pass lIWEl.Vltliey praise the work done. Thus

was Reverend D. J. G. hlaeDonaltl,iwp find I M” l t - ' I V . . ' C0ii(",'4', average age was not more than 12 H VIICX year ce ebrate its 100t'h,had its first public closing. and: or 13, each mombcr of which! ac. .nmi-isary. it is not the Islands,the report of that event as (ion-yqultted himself with

, upon examination in two books of

who died at Moreli in 1926. On July 15, 1856 the

ltained in I-laszard's Gazette. July

in 1858 special commen- dation extendcd lo a class whose

distinction

28th, 1856 is most interesting. Thcl Virgil,

nvrilcr expresses utmost surprise

' 1953 Fal:1El'0lllll:tl0ll

Continued from page 1

and surface silos of various kinds. The past tivo seasons have been favorable for the production of grass for ensilage purposes. and there has been an expanded knowl- edge applied in the saving of grass in new type silos. This develop- ment has been undoubtedly of great assistance in improving animal health. the conservation of im- portant food nutrients. and in the lowering of costs of production. There is still a field for consid- erable expioratlon in the produc- tion of farm crop roughages. either in the form of ensllage. or in hay and pasture.. The next few years should see a great advancement iand improvement in these respects. The importance of grass in our fann economy and in soil improve- ment is not yet fully realized. and as a knowledge In respect to this form of production becomes more prevalent there will be it great forward movement under way to establish our farms and our live- stock on a sounder economic basis.

Potatoes

Potato acreage unfortunately was increased in the Province of Prince Edward Island by over 3.000 acres. and in Canada by approximately 24,000 acres. The yields were much heavier than was anticipated. and while the Dominion Bureau of Sta- tistics places our production at less than that of 1052. I am con- vinced that the production is high- er thsn in 1052. and quantities of- fered for sale would indicate the correctness of that assumption.

The acreage devoted to seed within the limits of our total acre- age expanded from 23,109 acres to 20.00! acres during the present year. Sebsgoes standing at the top of the list with 18,140 acres. fol- lowed by Irish Cobblers. Green Mountains. Katahdins. and Causes. in the order named. Seed classifi- cations were reduced to two main classifications during the season. namely: Foundation and Certified. Foundation A being eliminated. There will be an ample supply. however. of seed under the new regulations as indicated in the following figures: For Prlnoe Ed- ward Island -- lbundatlon 2.580.- 900: Certified 2.008.500 bushels. For Canada -- Foundation 5,622.- 400: Certified 0.800.045 bushels.

The markets which sagged sp- preciably in the Spring of 1058 con- tinued to deteriorate. and with an increased production of potatoes in bbth Canada and the United States the overall situation has not caused any degree of optimism in the minds of producers. Since the

M opening of the shipping season to

the pralent date there has been the largest export of potatoes from Prince Edward Island that has oc- curred at any similar period in our history. It is difficult to under- stand the wisdom of an increased acreage in the you 1052 in viow of 3"..."-' "2"" ':.':."":.". A..:":: N o la a mud :l,n ouaide barns and sheds.

went owns;-;Icturs la the colony. In

'”'5'i I pastoral letter announ-i "'9 main of It. organ?-

'.4,

1834 Bishop Mnebonaldl M

when the shipping nelson came on there was a tremendous market

wished to place exposed supplies on the market before frost arriv- ed. A situation of that kind did not assist in good marketing practises. As it happens we have had a partl- cularly mild season. and this u'n- doubtediy saved tubers from frost in a great number of cases. - Prices in both Canada and the United States are away below cost of production. Through an ar- rangement with the Federal Gov- ernment under the provisions of the Dominion Co-operative As- sociation's Act an advance price of forty-five cents per bushel to the producer was established. This price. while not covering cost of production. was nevertheless of I. very material advantage and pro- tectlon to potato producers on Prince Edward Island under exist- ing circumstances. It is hoped that later in this season potato prices may improve and bring some in- creased revenues in the industry.

The prospects, however, in this respect are not too bright. Production estimates according

to latest D.B.S. figurrs are here- with presented for the years 1052- 53:

in September.

Indications on Prince Edward Island are that there is some in- crease in breedings with something over 0,000 sows due to farrow be- tween December and May of 1054. as compared with 6,000 for the same period last Spring. It is ques- tionable. he ever, whether the overall breedin will be as high as estimated. although Western ex- perts seem to think that with large quantities of grain available there will be a substantial increase in breeding in the Prairie Provinces.

High Quality Maintained

The quality of Prince Edward Island hogs has been maintained at a high level with 56.8 per cent of our hogs graded into the "A" classification - about double that of the average for Canada, which rests at 28.8 per cent.

The Boar Bonus Policy of the Provincial Government has done much to maintain improvement in our hog quality. This bonus di.'.'- mg the past year was raised to 516.00 for Grade "A" boars, and 312.00 for Grade "B's". Eighty-two (02) boars graded "A". and eigh- teen (18) the "B" classification un- der inspection. The usual high re- cord in the Advance Registry Shr- tlon has been mntlltained, and Prince Edward Island breeding stock still occupies a very strong position in the trade in registered animals.

1

Sheep

There has been a slight easing in the interest in sheep raising in our Province during the past year if the demand for improved rams is to be taken as an indication. About seventy (70) rams were graded under the Ram Premium Policy, and not all of these were taken up by our shccp breeders. It might be an op ortune time to suggest that one I the strong fac- tors ln lowering cost of production is the employment of improved sires in all our breeding. It would be unfortunate if our sheep breed- ers are placing dependence on in- ferior or grade rams when top animals are available at very fav- orable prices. Lower prices for lambs mutton have been contri- buting causes. Wool prlces however were higher than in 1952.-

Prince Edward Island exhibitors in cattle. hogs, sheep. and pots- toes, at ).he.Maritime Winter Fair, won more than their normal quota of placlngs. As I matter of fact, in the hog and potato sections, Is- land exhibits practically swept the competition. Two Island herds of cattle went forward to the Royal. and in the fact of exceedingly keen international competition establish- ed an outstanding record. These herds ewere Jerseys owned by Edi- son Mutch, North River; and Ayr- shlres, owned by Keith Boswell and Sons, Victoria. Mr. Mutch again had the Grand Champion hull of the show, repeating his perform- ance of last year. although with a different bull. while the Boswell herd took first prize with a Junior bull, in strong competition. and won other outstanding piacings with females, in this the first at- tempt by these enterprlslng breed- ers ln big time competition.

Poultry

The poultry situation continues to be reasonably favorable, although production has decreased from that.

The cattle population figure of 114.000 head would appeal to me to be a little excessive in compari- son with the 1002 level. I am also of the opinion that 10.000 horse: ll rather an extreme estimate. In any

event, the great percentage of horses are advanced in years. Hon '

With reference to hogs the figures are based on the June survey in both cases, and are not the com- pieto reason estimates of produc- tion. Up to November of 1050. '10,- 458 hogs were slaughtered in in- spected abattolrs, as against 00.- 000 for the same period in 1052 or about 25 per cent less. It might be pointed out that bags in Canada as at June 1st. numbered 4.447.000. u'against 0.741.000 to the, some data in the previous year. I

The Prince ldward Island fig- ures indicate a very drutlo lower- ing In production. 1-log ya rs over a year ago were warned on a number of occasions regarding the situation and panic which seemed

an-todlyprodleul-euro

to an hold of our producers, and

FIELD cnors Area Yield Per Acrn Production Crop, 1952 1053 1053 1053 1052 1053 Acres Acres bus. bus. bus. bus.

Spring Wheat 3,700 2.503 23.0 26.0 85,000 75,000 Oats for grain 90,000 100,200 30.0 45.0 3,450,000 4,779,000 Barley . . .. . 4.200 4.000 30.0 35.0 120.000 168.000 Mixed Grains 71.200 70.200 30.0 46.0 2,777,000 3.220.000 Potatoes 30,000 30,000 300.0 273.0 10,000,000 10,041,000

Iona tons tons tons Field Roots 7,000 0.000 15.00 1.00 410.000 303.000 Tame I-lily 100,000 101000 2.10 13.70 . 105,000 00,000 A of the previous year. It is estimat- ed that domestic fowl are about ”"'”" 94 per cent of the 1952 level. the 1952 mu number being 070.000 birds. The number of chicks hatched in 1053 Aglgefgxtle was about 4 per cent above that ,1. t I C "1 1mm luboo of the previous year, namely 73!.-

” ” ” ' ' ' 800. 1-totchablllty was 73 per cent. Eu production through register- g::;”' ;:';?.g .1,:'?,gg ed Egg Grading Stations totalled Ho 3 .,.,'ooo 5.,'ooo 100,815 cases. a decrease of about 3 ' ' 9.7 per cent. The average weekly

egg price was approximately forty- aix cents for Grade A, compared with forty cents in 1052, and fifty- one cents in 1951.

Registered poultry processing sta- tions handled 1.142.000 pounds of poultry. as compared with 1,284.- coo pounds in the previous year. a decrease of 11.5 per cent during 1052, and 44 per cent in 1051. The average price paid for poultry mean. however. was higher with about 40.50 for dressed chicken. and two for fowl, u compo ad with 20: for dressed chicken. and 21c for dressed fowl In 1052.

The policy of bonus” the pur- chase of R.0.P. approved males was continued and up to Decem- bor am there were 1.400 oockuels granted the 31.00 oper bird bonus from the Department of Agriculture as compared to 1.200 in 1052,

The number of Approved and 11.0.P. females bloodtested up to Dooembe list was 23.775. llightly higher than in the previous year. There are sixty-eight (GI) flock owner: tested so far, as co pare:

last year: Prince Edward Island

flocks continue to be maintained under a rigid system of culling and testing on a. high level of quality and freedom from disease. Turkey production was well maintained, and the Matthews and Turner turkey ranches tn the west- ern part of the Province are now classified among the beat and most successful in Canada. Tur- key prices were highly remunera- tlve, while the prices for geese and ducks were only fair. There was apparently a decided swing toward turkeys at the consumer level dur- ing the Christmas and New Year season. Turkeys produced numbered 32,944 of which 22,280 were ex- ported. Turkey hatchability reach- ed the high level of 70.5 per cent.

Prince Edward Island poultry products received very fine recogni- tion at the Royal Winter Fair, To- ronto, through the outstanding winnings of Mr. Dingwell Maoheod, Vernon River. Mr. MacLeod's boxes of poultry had the distinction of winning first and second prizes in Special Grade Capons. The first prize box went on to win the Grand Championship which took in ca- pons, fowl, chickens, etc. He also won the E. D. Bonnyman Trophy. Mr. MacLeod won the Grand Championship in 1951 with a box of capons of similar breeding to that which carried off the honors this past year.

Dairy Production

The year 1953 marked a tremen- dous change in the manufacturing set-up in the Province of Prince Edward Island. Central Creameries at Charlottetown made BXBCIISNE additions to their plant to take care of the manufacturing of a

wider variety of products. This progressive organization has now established the manufacture of

evaporated milk, whole milk, and skim milk powder. Under very ex- pert direction these products are now being produced as well as the usual butter nd ice cream manufacture. and new markets have been opened up, particularly 101' the new products now being pro- ccssed. Large quantities of powder- ed milk have been exported to Mexico and elsewhere, while tit- very attractive cans of evaporated milk seen on the shelves of our retail stores. are meeting a very nthusiastic demand.

In the western part of the Prov- ince another development has taken place in the form of Amal- gamated Dairies at Summerslde. This organization involves the consolidation of six former rural dairy concerns. namely, Tryon. Dunk Iiver. and Kenslngton Cream- erles. and Grand Iiver, Tyne Vai- ley, and Egmont Bay Cheese fac- tories. A fine new plant has been constructed in Summerside, with splendid modern equipment, and the process of amalgamation has been completed. Amalgamated Dairies will be confined, for tile present at least, to the production of butter, cheese, and ice cream. Faculties for further expansion will, no doubt. take placeiaa the Directors of this large concern deem it advisable. These two new organizations handling large quan- tities of milk and cream should pro- vide an important stepping-stone to greater values in the dairy in- dustry of the Province.