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By MAX HARRELSON UNITED. NATIONS the space.age nears the end of its first decade, the world’s dip- lompts afe still moving. at a slow pace in’ writing laws to obvéer the many problems of. this new frontier. ' - There have been points of frie- \tion between the United States Vand the Soviet Union, but up to now space has not been plagued with the lawlessness which fol- lov ed«men’s cy loration of new frontiérs on earth.’ This is partly. due, te the fact

that the big powers have agreed

(AP)—As on a number of basic principles’

jwhich serve as a sort of in- formal Mazna Carta ‘for space

“and which, may eventually be ex-

panded into a binding legal code. Most legal authorities be-

“jieve there is still time to pre-

vent a breakdown of order in space. ‘

There are many legal ques- tions which are becoming more pressing with each new space launching by the US. and the Soviet Union.

One of these |s the regulation of traffic in the increasingly

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busy highways of space. This in- cludes rules governing so-called space garbage thal: mizht even- ‘tually .prove harmful to astro- nauts :

| Legal: authorities also have j stressed _the need for laws to prevent contamination of celes- tial bodies. by either manned or ‘unmanned space vehicles and, equally important, to make sure that returning space vehicles do jnot contaminate the earth

| Another major problem is the. iregulation of space communica- tion. With the increasing use of space “satellites- for communica- tions. lawyers see the possibil- ity of jamming. pirating of

| broadcast materials or. other in-

| jurious uses of space,-such as interference with commynica- tions between an astronaut and ground control—unless interna. tional agreements provide for li- censing and regulation FEW COMPLAINTS . Actually, there -have ‘heen few Levents, which brought complaints

from either of the space powers. |

One of these, during the first iSoviet Sputnik flights, concerned Sputnik broadcasts which inter- fered with the broadcast of time signats by the U.S. bureau of standards. Others involved some U:S. experiments which. brought Soviet complaints The = 4v-

“called Argus project was a se-

rien of high-altitude nuclear de-

4

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Read Show |

‘Ip Preparing Space Age Laws

tOnations over the south Atlan tiesin the summer of 1958, ds- Sighed to create an artificial ra- diation helt.

The Westford project in 1961, another, U.S. experiment, in- volved the release of 75 ‘pounds of copper dipoles, or tiny “need- les, that were supposed to dis- Perse into. a narrow band for possible use in long-range radio communications

The disagreements over the early incidents were not long- lasting and have not been re- peated

More important to the future are-a number of broad questions

which have been widely dis- cussed but not resolved —Should space’ vehicles ‘be permitted—tn—gather mihtary intelligence data and what is meant. by military use of shace?

—Should’ private’ corporations he—_permitied_ta explore space”

What is'the demarcation line hetween air space and other space?

Although these other” important questions” re- Main unanswered, the. areas of agreement on space principles are surprisingly extensive’ in

and many

on other earthly problems. SPUTNIK LAW — %

The bulk of the progress up to now has been in the law of .ac- cepted practice—common law — and in ‘“soft'’ jaw based on United Nations resolutions. and joint US. - Soviet declarations.

One unwritten taw,for-example,;

began to take shape the very day Sputnik J] was launched Oct 4, 1957. *

Arthur. Larson..law!: professor

and- former aide to U-S-— presi: dent Dwight D.—Fisefhower, noted this in these words:.

| ‘The basis was laid for one of the most important princivles of space’ law--that of freedom. of

tories’ ofall the nations of. the world. without protest.” —

~ Legal, authorities now consider that the right of free travel in space has been established by

| practice et | In 1963, the United ‘Nations General. Assembly adopted a declaration of legal -principles on the. exploration of space These .do not have the manda-

tory effect of a treaty, but .hey have never heen challenged

—Some—of— these -principles—are—

included ‘in the draft treaty. now being discussed. hy the UN lezal subcommittee on space neva. One: effect of the treaty. if approved and ratified, would be to formalize Inio. statutory law: principles already. accep'ed universally = x One of these ie that outer space and. celestial bodies are free for exploration and use hy all states on the basis of eqitial- ity and in accordance. with in-’ ternational law—Another is that space and the celestial- bodies are not subject-to- national ap- Ppropriation by claim of sover- eignty or by other means Other principles agreed upon Include the following: { —Governments are liable for damates: caused by space_ob- _jects fo property or_individuals in a foreign country: __—Governments astronatts as envoys. of -man- kind and shall render any assistance possible tn the event of an. accident or an emergency landing on foreign territory;

NUCLEAR. TESTS BANNED There have been other inter—

Mational agreements of an even more binding nature 1963 nuclear test - ban signed-in Moscow by the U.S, Britain andthe “Soviet. Union, the testing of nuclear devices in space is prohibited. Red China a France, now nuclear pow- bn are not parties to this treaty however.

In anohter step, the U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed in 1963

that weapons of mass destruc- | from

tion should be banned outer space. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union now are urging

the inclusion of this provision in |

the proposed treaty on space. —

~ | One question which has pro-~

~ CONTRACT BRIDGE |

By B. JAY BECKER

South dealer.

3.00—News Headlines and Weather

$ 03—Trans-Canade. Matinee ~- af +.Nérth-South . vulnerable. 3.30—Pop Caraven *. ~ .

4 00—News Headlines and Weether NORTH 4 3—Canadian Roundup @KI53 4.10-—Pop Caravan @Q1072 §.00—News and Weather” as @AaAK

863 ' wise Peo? eae

@1997 =~ 86 OK3 Npae. + @Q196¢4 \@ 198832 Lee MAQE SOUTH aaa @AIOSS @7 HI974 The bidding: ~ ; South West North Past 1@ Pass 39 Para 49 ue Opening lead— queen of dia- monds There are any number of

ways of trying to deceive the

_ heart.

\the king, and South saw that he was faced with the possibility of losing three clubs and a

But instead of placing his en tire hopes on a straight heart finesse, he decided he could in. crease his chances by cashing

the ace of diamonds at trick two and discarding .a spade rather than making the more

natural then led the queen of. hearts and finessed, losing to the king | ‘West, having noted the spade discard, assumed that South was weak in spades and therefore led the ten of spades at trick foun. — : a This was exactly what South had hoped for, and the result of South's deceptive play at trick two was that he wound up mak- ing the contract by later ‘is: carding two of his club losers on the K-J of spades. All told, lost a heart and two clubs

View of the Fast-West standstill |

im Ge

shall -regard—

them -

Under the, treaty

discard of a club. he.

he

_ the declarer, but if you are the declarer and attempt: deception, Wearing his miéroscopic glasses;

opposition during the play of Had South discarded a club on the cards. If you are a defender the ace of diamonds and then and undertake some ‘form of taken a trump finesse, it is like- deception, there is a danger that jy that West would have shifted you might fool your partner ir- to a club at trick four and hus siead 6. your intended victim. defeated the contract Of course, had. West

been

your victim can be only a de-~he might have seen through de

Mr. and Mrs. Leo Campbell, Worchester, Mass... visited with relatives-and friends in the South Lake, North Lake and Munn's Road districts

Mr. and Mrs. Glen Stuart and family left on return to Quebec City having spent’ some. time. on

outer space. The Russians take the position that this means a ban on the use of space for mil- itary purposes. The U.S., on the other hand, savs there is noth- jing wrong with using space. for military’ purposes as long as it is not used for aggressive ‘ac-

He: holiday with Mr. Stewart's par- This embraces a. number Of ents _\ir—and- Mrs. Nelson Stew: Tey ne pnararaenanaig: (re hee Palak

rig Oo use o-rec 8-!

sance vehicles a military ins Mr. and Mrs. “Roy “Brice, of telligence. purposes and other Cornwall attended .the funeral spacecraft for ,early warning of Ralph Robertson at the East

Point Baptist boro recently.

Mrs. Vincent Massey and three children, Bothwell spent a

and other military functions. Church, Kings:

At the moment both the Soviet Union and the U.S. have many} vehicles in space not,only capa- ble of making detailed photo- week with relatives in Rustico. graphs of the earth's surface, ~ Mrs Reggie Johnston. Murray but actually doing It. __|River is a patient in the PEI. aie | Hospital, -

DRAGONFLY HAS KIN’ |. BJ. Massey, Bothwell ‘Is a

The. dragonfly belongs to the y : : genus odonata, which has 9,0 patient in the Charlottetown species. throughout the world Hospital. :

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RIPLEY'S BELIEVE IT OR NOT |

found. ma mussel Sdmaya Gi?

of the coast of | _a Multary € ant in THe

Mexico m 1900 + Masiem army 5 WAS WON THe BATTLE OF TALIKOTIA

SHAPED in 1565 BY WINDING ITS TRUNK

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ANCIENT LETTER BOX

space—-when the first Russian SS Se ae peiire Bante * satellite passed. over the terri-..., ee ae Sere )

11S DESTINATION, ANO A TORTO! SYMBOLIZING THE PEAR WT BE DELAYED A LONG TUE EAMROUTE-

DAILY CROSSWORD

ACROSS ~—s3. Stepup — 24, Devon ce 1. Island in to mark river ES IO INTE TY} Firth-of 4, Bitter 25, Nauti- STE RENIT] Clyde _ vvetch _cal ISBECIAPISREBIEIN] | 5. sociat™ ——=$> THIN, as cK eso eC : climber fabric clama> [Br CEMESICOITIC I 9. Don's 6: Convent - tion” ee ee - 1 relative members 26: Vast R ES . 10. Ship 7. Ancient “ desert toate at IIE frames 8. Part ofa region We NIS MOAI | 12. Snoeps furnace 27. Pro- : 3 13; Bestowy 9. Javelin noun Yesterday's Answer 14. Consiimé 11. Sugary 29. Not long: : : 15-God-of +5,Improves ---- &O-- - 35.1 eft— “pleasure 18. Tibetan 30. Batters 38. Chief deity: » 16. Pronoun- priest 31, Assembly of Babyl. 17. Artist's: 19, Sherbet eccleaias- 39. Mandaris studio 20. Greek tics tea 20. Born letter 33. City: 40. Fabled 21, Revise 22. Ale Montana flier | 22, Lancaster : 23. Measure {+ = 25, Large land,mass 28. Puts forth ; effort . ' 32. Container forwine “$3. Maitand | hops estab- lishment 34, Exclamas tion _ 35. Man's nickname 36.Isable _ 37. Wooden: shoe 39: Belief 41, English shor. river 42. Sharpened 43, Sheltered 44, Behaves DOWN” " 1, Seold 7 2. Joined

§-30

DAILY CRYPTOQUOTE — Here's how to work it: . . AXYDLBAAXR is LONGFELLOW

( er simply stands for another. In this sample A {is used for ti> three L's, X for the two O's, ete. Single letters, apos-

tronh *s, the length and formation of the words are all hints. E>: >y the code letters are different, ee _A_.Oryptogram. Quotatioa — atc HAR.-CREEB: . W EWD HaIBrs

YQ FDYGB WSYXH AIB UWIQHMXRB HAR SRHHRQ-GR'O@IJFR AJTE.— RERQBYD ae

| Yeaterday’s Cryptoquote: I VOW AND PROTEST THERE'S MORE PLAGUE.THAN PLEASURE WITH A SECRET.— COLMAN

OUR BOARDING HOUSE MAJOR HOOPLE | ° ~

$0:1T'S BARGAW DAY AND YOU GOT TWO PAINTINGS FOR THE

— YO REDHANDEDE THAT.GRANDPA = DAVID’ PAINTING YOU SOLD ME CAN'T POSSIBLY BE GENUINE / THROUSH GOME ~~ ER, As SECRET INVESTI- GATIVE WORK, DISCOVERED A PAINTING UNDERNEATH WITH A 1951 DATB + THATS |2 YEARS

DOUBLE! NOW QUIT JAWIN' AT. ME! NUMBERS GIMME A

‘LITTLE GAME!

‘fender clarer’s scheme ard shifted to a | South.made a good play in club at the crucial point, but. ParricuLaaLy this hand and was well reward- he was certainly not helped NEAR HIS WALLET ®

ed for his effort. West led a’much by South's

pretense diamond, taken im dummy with weakness in spades.

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Z¥ ‘ ; ' ’ i ' - 7 s : - Mp ae The Guardian, Charlottetown, Tnes., Ang. 80,1966. 9 ; s oe . : : int ~- AND TALL GRASS THE DIET OFF THE King’ Sule Ss | ad ame § ine 4 ¥ : |dueed controversy between the,» | EAS BA | GROWING ON : | space powers involves the def- \ T LTIC | oes OF BY = oe : ; ss inition of ‘peaceful’ uses’ of : * - Gk POOR?

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MUGGS I$ REALLY GETTING A LOT OUT OF HIS SUMMER HERE,

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LIVING... Gs Amel

GET HIS HANDS ON MY NEW

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GOING TO GET BETTER MARKS THIS YEAR.’

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HOMEWORK!

INV: SIBL MAN

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