OQ'_l'Q§E§_19_»_1_940

i NEWSY NOTES _ ‘Weekly iii... smut 1

B! AGRJOOLA

.\ HUMAN FORT

9m, The Guardian pub- Wsfled 11115; "Cai-llsle, SOOI-lfl-Iid. ‘ 3. 1C?) —Workmen con- Qcukung flil‘ raid shelters in the iilliillfils 0f Sunivix have uncovered Sumo-acre Roman fort "dating b,,¢1; 1o ilic second century.

This statme-iit made mo rub my ves. The C. P. had evidently for- !‘ (en the reporter's most import- mofto —“Vcrify!" Carlisle is no" 111 Scotland: it is the couniy ,0,{-,1of Cuinbai-land, England. How- wcr 501110 0f the press writers, Even’ in London, still believe that Ivgrythlhg north of latitude 55 de- an, is in Scotland, so we will for- i\'e hie slip. But it is not Sanwix 5",," .119 village is Sianwlx, the 55101191“ ck," constructed ofsquared ‘@115 from tiie Roman Wall. ‘T1... so-ciilieci “iort“ ls by anti- qiiprics termed a "CBmP." but n01- me, 11.19 quite measure up to the

on Oct.

WOId-il" says a. co

nation's fault." w 11, 1 murmur... not ° ‘

commands know her 01' our common ci

The unvaccinated children ca

‘ me swag? fixéeséleililu "t3: vacc1n_ triumph of the bacteriologigi/g which cannot be too widely kn

THE DEBACLE

a skill own.

A very ion ti observer in giraffe?» agdéniigggafrlig:

lines: "Quand Italic sera can. i: ll“ m iv»- LO ngleterre sans querre, ‘r5 sera be_n1onde sans terre." sovereign wisdom o, by mmentator, "how "i" they Pllt the finger on em, is Britain's her fault, that she this war, and 511,; 011!‘ iymPfithy since we liifierinz is in defence vllization. "byword" with which

poison,

was forced into

When that

‘iii-i N0“ opens was written, it was

the custom 1n Itai 111;, Actually the camp was a y to use poison gigiallflil mid fortified village, garris- w Se‘ rid 01' lily underslrsbla ac- O,,,.,1 1,;- Rrman soldiei-y, either It- 011071101100. You did not quai-roi

iiiizius or IOPPIQRI levies. Usually such a "vamp" was situated at a mawgic point if it was north of [he Roman Wall, and that at Stan- wix guarded the northern bank of’ the river Eden. The outlines of the camp arc not wiell defined. befall-fie 1r, 1pc iiit-crvciiing centuries all the unyi- sti-ucture has disappeared, bu; i1 was conjectured long ago mat its urea was two acres and a half. The church and the church- yam occupy part of tho site. The workmen. 1n excavating for the sllfilflii have evidently uncovered ilie liiilllfilllUflS of the enclosing walls mid established the fact that the camp measured 580 feet by 700 feet. We always think of a camp u 5, temporary accommodation ivhile the Romans built "for all 1.11110."

Nona of the usual inscriptions have boon found nt Stanwix, and so ve are 111 ignorance oi the notional- 11v or number oi its garrison. The pimps or “station! connected with the Wall itself were garrisoned by [mops dniivn from all the subject 111-p inscriptions tell of Moors, spnnini-cis, Gnuls. Frixngi (Frisiaus) |11d many others: but no two ad- olning stations were held by sold- ers of tho same nationality. This prevented collusion in case of re- volt; mid the same cautious reason- lnc foi-lmd-e the employment of local Bi-izim troops.

A few pieces of statuary have bee-u found in the area at Stanwix: they are now in the museum at Carilsle. One is a funeral stone, which was dug out of the wall oi the parish church. It has it very couiriiou "ilicmcz" an equestrian figure, iii-med with spear and shield. rides roughshod over a recumbent naked Briton. 'I‘he inscription has

i-lshed. but some more modern End has carved below “McMarinP Tim oihcr ls a figure oi a piper set in 11 recess in a block of stone. He wears a long coat. flm-cd from thr- ivaist in the style of a Kilt, an: has the "bag" oi the pipes under his left arm, while both hands fin- ger |. single pipe. Tho Romans w-ere addicted to the use of the bagpipes. and doubtless were the 111-sf 1o introduce its skirl into the Brizish Isles»

When the old church at Stanwix was pulled down (about 17901 a winged figure oi victory, holding

him to dinner of stomach

enlightened now; only doses the

castor oil, uncomforta ent effect

never outgrown nei- over there the trial pollti on charges treason to little France's debacle, as I sec treason wa of the have noticed, that the Government was chs about every six months; some oftener. The basic sin for

the French are now punished a press write erance of stu runs. aiothfui leadership. Th Canadians to

military blameworthy:

ment fled from the army fai $011‘ wiiiiify. The men were left officers hurried to Paris to avacu- ate their wives and families. Them wcie thousands of brave men and some loyal officers in the French “my. bili- f-hey could do n swp the disintegration

simply collapsed. Tho pie are still sound n, iiiey must conform to the ideas of lfhfll‘ Nazi masters: incompetent leaders for years, “i161,

against the evil day

Wm‘ such ii Person: you invimi and next clay he died 1m -a.che. That was in olden H. and the Italians are moi-a Sinner Mussolini anti-fascisti which while nearly as ble, has not the perman- of the older treatment. "iihBPPy France, has "trashisonz" y are bringing to clans and military men which basically mean _ the State. There ya‘; "fifth column" work 1:1 it; the l decay Jean. Readers may lug that time, ngol times which , says r, was their long wi- pid, bureaucratic, cor- hopelessly ineffective at is something for reflect upon. The leaders were equally when the Govern- Parls, the heads of led their men, and

France

s in the politica last ten

t

look after themselves while the

othing to once it set

‘m. headlong rush out of Paris

began on June 9th, and no iii. tempt was made to once t0 the tnron ctrotwded the roa s a on was still broadcastin

incredible as g' bun played dance stale news. the military order for the remain in ti the senseless exodus,

give any guid- gs oi refugees that ds. The Pails radio

1t may appear, it only music or gave out Not until June 13th did authorities issue an poPiilaioin 0f Paris to i9 City. thus ending

fifeated, she French peo- heart, though

Ri-anoe was not

_ their main ault was that they put up “~13, they should have been pi-spu-m;

a globe in her hand, was found. m? ggglsfyg, IF?“ “mtnmd ° it is now in the Black Emma Lo, , h. an“ 1n 1370- (‘iate Museum, Newcastle on a|71\h6 mba‘, I.‘ ,“_p°werml “d”! Tyne. Several "Winged Vic- adequac “°,e',,5‘°“°d hm.” m“ m‘ torles" have been dug up in the “c! ° 1,,“ ma", ‘miller! 011d various parts of England, nearly all brouflnnfgmg £9 , Wig-Lifg h 80:10‘:

holding globes to signify that the Hfillllliil were masters of the known word. Czirlisla was originally a station 111 1hr Roman Wall, culled Lugu- vsilliuin. The first syllable ls taken o be the name of an ancient Brit- sh god, which in the Celtic means he "shining one"-reinted to 1h| ntin iux meaning light, and the of-k lcucos, ivhlie: a sort. of ‘liccbus Apollo. A village had been 1.1111011 for him, and the Romans. s their custom was, retained the ame. adding "vailium" meaning he‘ Wall. When the Romans ab- noonod Britain. the Britons pre- xcd the ivoi-d Coer, a fort. to the ‘omnu 11.11110 mid shoi-tciimi it. It cvmuo (‘ncr-lus-ll, mid 111 modern lllt‘5 Cai-lislc (pronounced Car- iei. lt 1s thus the only English f1‘ lihat I know of) which is Nilmicci to n pagan deity.

‘AIEASLIIS VACCINE

.\ii~.-1..ics, it has bccn nsrci-tulucd mmicvn times, 1s a vii-us disease. 18L is. 11's caused by an organism _r1 1111111110 to be set-n by the isroscopc. Formerly 11. was con- Ifltd a trifling disc-use of child- fmi i111d I have known miner's vvs dclibci-ntcly expose their c1111- cu to liifcrtoiu 011 tho supposition at since every child must fake 1t. was bctlcr to get it over nnd ‘no with. They were almost correct

1111-11- supposition: for nbout 98 1.1-1 (‘\‘(‘l'_V hundred children are 10011111111‘ to the disease. and the or 111 life that". they take l1. the irs!‘ it is. But tiic couscqucziccs i.\' he serious: bi-onchopurumonia. “midiils. cur infections. and 9Y0 iiiblcs may- -fol-low~-~1n—-l+s— train. 1' 1111s nothing 1o do with ii. for - Wl'llif‘l' had measles when he v ic-vvutcon, and a woman in

- community over sixty devdoped ‘(T910 case of it. At the present l!‘

xe 11 ls a mr-uacc, for many y. iii-ought up 1n the country. ‘M00. have not 11nd it nor acquir- Fi natural immunity: and Whfn ii‘ fifuirrcgutc into army campi- .\‘ readily fall victims. I i! flood. therefore. I a successful mcasH-s vaccine i rcccutly boon u-orkcd nu‘. by 1- Jcsuih Sick-cs .11., of the uni- sitv of Pennsylvania's medical f"! and Gcoffi-cy William Rake ii“ 81111151. 1115111111»: for Medi- P?'i‘*r?i1. Wc 'ilCf‘"I not concern "iy-"s u-izh 11s preparation, 9X- ? i0 1101c that its source is the We virus dcrivcd from the blood iivfcnt w-a-hipizs of measles 11:1- is. But all will be inier-rsted to ‘i1 that two groups of children ‘e used in the final iesfs. the "will! was vaccinated, the 0th.- iiiii- Lat-er both groups were rulaied with the active virus.

to learn

a book worth reading

something to be learned sim- I find. and here are a few hints that I have picked and there. 11

tiiirty inch 5

wire may be of a problem; m ‘i101? iwi-Ivc. and weilfinsul the heavy fleece. Accoi-dmgi WIFC IOXICC I5 118605581)", (ll

bed wire must be used, so points may get down thro

control pigs,

5

MORE ABOUT ELECTRZQ FENCES

Tho electric fence is he

1 . there is no doubt of 1.1m" to a fly’

t. There is about ft

_ _ up here A 5111818 wire. pi-opei-iv t the post and p1,, w. es from the ground, “111 s and cows. Plain wii-c do in this case, though barbed used. Sheep are more 0y are smaller, ated” by y a. two- e spacing and bar- that the ugh the wire will _ but their size Will do- iei-iuine the height of 1i1e fence, After a fortnight‘; run {In} 1mm may be run intermittently for cat- tiegv the writer would suggest two days ‘Test’ and two days run, and o on. This would save the bakery. Cows do not seem to have as good memories as horses have, and ex-

isulated a

top horse will

to be determined by trial;

tlcwce to the skin. One

perience shows that if the current

is out off for a week, they may furset and blunder against the wire and finding it dead, will go under t.

In a farm paper I read that one!

Herbert Miller of Huron County, Ontario, is.so well pleased with the work of his electric fence, that 11c has taken out all his cross fences. so that he can vary the size of his fields at pleasure. When he pas- tures..oattlo..aione, houses-the onc- wire fence; for cattle and hogs to- gether he uses two wires. "Live stock," he says, “have more respect for a. single electrified wire than for s woven wire-fence." His line and road fences are of woven wire —not electrified,

RE FISHES. (l)

The Fishes constitute the second division of the cold-blooded Verte- braes. the first being the Reptiles. (Vertebrates. I "my Niiiiiiii my younger readers, are "N156 animals which possess a backbone.) As Fishes are the (sly vcrtebi-aied animals that are fitted to live r11- tirely in water, all the pecuiiarif. of their structure have reference this mode of life. Let us consise. their structural make-up.

First. all animals must breathe in order i0 live: we recogutse thia- by talking of the "breath of life." ThLs is true of fishes as of other animals: only the fish breathes sir mmgied with water. and this ‘s gggily proved. n s m1. be rut hi»

sllfl MI

SUMMARY OTTAWA. Oct. 10--'I1Z1ere was "w 111-tie ciwnse in the live stock market situation d the past |week_a.nd racticaliy no dsturbance of prices, he cattle market, at, the lmoment, is very 5U506ptlb1e to sup- ply and any overloading immed- liaiely results 111 reduced values. Of- ,fering_s this week. however, were sufficiently moderate to be ab. sorbed by the trade without iruur- iIiiZ the price structure. Calves sold steady to firm with the exception oi one or two minor price adjust- ments, the hog market was un- mltanged. Lambs were_steady i0 a little stronger, particularly in Al- berta Fasten: Cattle Marketa Cattle prices showed little change at TORONTO and choice weighty steers sold at $8.25 to $8.35. Butcher steers and heifers ranged up to $7.75 and a few choice made as high as $8.35. About 400 cattle, ,mostly stockers, were left on hand at the close. MONTREAL had no ‘top steers on offer and the best on hand sold at $7.50 to $7.75. These were only medium good in quality. Cow's were firm with the leest at $5.50 to $6. MARITIME prices held steady with good to. cholcc steers at $7.25 to $8. Good. cattle continue scarce. i Western Cattle Market I Some early strength WES exhib-1 ited in the WINNIPEG market and most killing cattle advanced fully! 25c on moderate supplies. Increased arrivals at mid-week, howevein, served to erase all the early gains. Most slaughter steers sold from $7 1 down and o fcw good iveighty kinds made around $7.50. Fairly good at- tention was given to the better grades of smokers and feeders at $6 to $6.50. CALGARY was mostly steady with good butcher steers up to $7, but EDMONTON was in- clined to be draESy and with grad- ing more keen and buyers indif- ferent, prices wcre barely steady to 25c lower -on some cow and heifer sales. The practical top 1n thej steer division was $7. PRINCE Al.- BERT was active and firm to 25o higher in spots with a few choice siecds wpping at $7. MOOSE JAW w-as fairly steady and had best hnndywwigiltt steers at $6.50. RE- GINA also held steady and had odd sales of fed calves at $7 or better. SASKATOON sold butcher steers up to $7 and a few as high at $7.50, Top price for heavy steers

$7.75 and calves $8.

Ilnitod States Market

‘fliers were again no Canadian cattle offered at Buffalo. St. Paul quoted good Canadian cows around $6.75 and bulls $050- ,

Shipments to ‘the United States during the week included 1,899 beef, cattle, 319 dairy and 246 calves. making the totals to date this year 92.398 beef, 11,447 dairy and 64,707 calves. In the correspiliidiiiil P6000 of last year beef cattle exports wci-c 149,214. dairy cattle 10.311 8nd chives 74.226. Exports of beef cut- tle from October lst t0 QCIOPPT 10m, under the fourth quarterly quota were 4.105 as against 8.413. 1n the same period o! 1939-

The United States Treasury D0" partment reports ihnt imports 0f calves from nil COIIHIFZPS from Jau- utiry 1st to 5511101111101: 28th. inclus- lve, totalled 97.311 hood out of i110 annual quota of 100.000 Bi- ih¢ 1'0- duced tariff rate.

Calves Steady To Finn ‘ Calves held steady at Toron_.o W111, choiye vcalcrs ‘at $11 to $1131.) and Montreal was firm iii? i0 $1 l» and $11 for tops. Winnipe! 05° held steady with c000 W 000i" W51, at $5 to $9. Tops at Calgary and Moose Jaw made $8. Edmon- ton $850, Prince Albert and Rc- gins. $7.50 and Saskatoon $7.75.

flog‘ Market Unchnnflfli Hogs continued steady at TOE onto with the—baslc grade st 8 dressed and a few sales rcacnlflit $12.15. Montreal was a shade .0110.‘ n1 $12 and Winnipeg 11i1r_hangc;i h: ‘$11.15. Calgfiili‘ mid @000 i0 $1196”; 11m- Gyaclc Bl. Edmonton 210-80. Prince Albert $10-70 1° - -

Ito exterminate any form of wild

1 i

at the Saskatoon Feeder Sale was.

I CONSERVATION I

l WEEKLY COLUMN OI‘ PRACTICAL OPINIONS 0F THE VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSES 0F NATURAL RESOURCES BI MR. LUDDOW JENKINS. BARS

PREDATORS |

Hawks, owls. izuiis. skunks- weaseis, cats. GOES. 00301195. 50x95. turtles and snakes have long been accused of contributing to the de- struction of waterfowl. Only re- cently have these animals and the crow been charged with the sole blame for the waterfowl shortage. It is interesting to note that at the hearing of the Special Senate Com- mittee on Conservation of Wild Life Resources, held in April, 1932, the many witnesses seldom men- tioned predators as a menace to waterfowl. When predators were mentioned, they were far down Ill the list of causes of waterfowl shortage, and not cited as major causes. Until 1933, the sporting magazines carried very few major articles blaming the predators for rapid decline in waterfowl num- bers. It was recognized that. predators and waterfowl had ex- isted slde by side in untold num- bers before the advent of man. With the coming of man the per- secution of predators began. The hand of man has always been a- gainst the predators; partly be- cause many predators are fur-bear- ing animals, valuable for their pelts, and partly because of man's wish

life that interferes with his plea- sure and profits. When guns are too slow in reducing “vci-min," dynamite 11nd poison are now re- sorted to. Thus predators no longer exist in large numbers, as hereto- one

Investigations by trained field men have proved that the con- clusicns drawn from casuzil ob-

servatoliis by sportsmen regarding the damage by predators are often in error. Probably a large part of the adult waterfowl taken by predators is made up of crippled, sick, parasitlzed or otherwise dis- abled blrds. Healthy birds, if pro- vlded with adequate shelter, are well able to cure for themselves. Reducing the piedalors dose little good in maintaining stocks of game birds available for shooting.

THE CROW IN RELATION T0 WZATERFOWL

The crow has been sky-rocketed into public attention since 1933. Until that year, the shortage of ‘waterfowl had been explained in sporting magazines and before sporting organizations by drought, drainage, advancement of civiliza- tion, discase, and many other fac- tors. The shoi-tage had caused bag- llmits on waterfowl to be lowered and seasons shortened. This natur- ally meant less shooting, with the consequent result that less ammuni- tio11 was sold, and there was less advertising in sporting magazines. To offset this, it was nccessaigv to get men into the field with guns, not one or two months of each year, but if possible the whole twelve months. In Ofdfir-IATNGO this, the crow was picked 11s a fitting villain to excite the wrath of the hunt- ei-s. 0n Dcccmbci- ‘.29, i932. Field and - Stream issued a form letter which‘ was sent to sporting orgiinizstions_

Moose Jaw $10.80. Resins $10-80 and Saskatoon $1930-

Lambs Steady To Stronl" Good cwc and _ wcthcr lambs sold inosily‘ at 55-7-7 i0 $9"at Tor‘; 0211c for truck deliveixes with sum ‘by “i1 at $9.25. Montreal was on s basis of $8150 i0 $8.75. Winnipeg |s'1.so to $7.75. Ciiiflfliy ‘.7775 "° ‘B- ,m...<...w.. s1 u» 15v. P{'i1-,<;<*,,,0i'§§§f $6.75 to $7. M0050 J0“ -" 5., ‘Q1113, $7 mid Saskatoon $6.85 10 . l1“ the Mnritiincs cho;ce lambs

.mad_eg___é_,__ s. closed vessel. it noon uses up Ill the air in the water and dies i! mom air is not introduced. All that

TULIPS- 6 INCHES

,__CROCUS— 2 INCHES.

Fall Bulbs and Their Of all garden subjeds, the bulbsl

is needed is I0 take n little wail-i‘ from the vessel and P001‘, 1'- dizzy: from some height. It carrio-K u I, the bubbles of alrand all swe . d. an aquarium plants are introduced because ti?“ aefiiite the water an keep tie S] R V8. _ . Now fishes have neither nostrils nor lungs. 50 3'00 "my “H1. my "How then do they breathe?’ Ex- amine the gills of the next fish y0ii_ catch, and you will find a. niimbci

i . ‘unlly four). covered grfi ifilit-Jlgfitsiglbtby a kind of lid, ions: in texture. call-ed the Oiwifiiiiim-

Those 111-hires 111-c made up oi "ii,"- ute blood-vessels, which cHPi-iiic i“?

benefit of the entire fish. Watch the goldfish in your swim; ii- 500"“ to be drinking all iho tuncl It 1a taking in water by its mouth. PR5?»- ing it. back through the fringe". ior gills. and if you obs-crve closely ‘you will see the opcrculum rising ‘after every gulp, to let the ivflsiv water out.

when a fish ls taken out of water, it dies for want of 1111-: strange, isn't it, when there is

plenty of air about! The reason is. that the fringes (gills) are kept apart and moist when the fish is 1n the water. but when taken from its clam-ant they fall together and become dry, the blood cannot cir- 'culnte in the blood-vessels. and the fish dies. ('I‘hcrc is no "iron lung" for the pccr fish!) Some fishrs have the gill openings wide and these dic quickly: others have the opening narrow, thus keeping the

1 air in the water and use it for the

,sre probably 1121c easiest to plant and the most certain to bloom. It is almost impossible to plant the ‘modern bulbs without some kind of success when 5pfillg rolls around. Because thcy urc so obtging, how- (‘\'(‘l', docs uot 11101111 1.11111. they ‘should be planted w.th0ut regard to their likes and dlilik€S. The tiny scilla bulbs should manifestly not; be planted so dcep as the huge nar- 1 icissus bulb. When bcginziiiig opers- ‘ ‘tioiis, consult a chart of planting idcpilv". or rciid carefully the direc- tions 011 the package, uiakuig sure