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PAGE your . ' rite IIIIIIII-IIIIETIIWI GUARDIAN

Dally (Iblmdel In llfll

W. Cheater l. llobln

B. Burnett. l‘, .I. l, lacretary, Licut-CoL l). A. MacKinaon, D. 8- 0. Editor and Managing Director J. IL Burnett. I‘. l. I

Associate Editor. Frank Walker

SUBSCRIPTION BATES 55,90 pg! yelp (In advance) delivered to City $1.00 per year (in advance! mailed tn l’. l. Island $5.00 per year (in advance) mailed to Canada and 0.8 Members Audit Bureau of Circulation:

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker than thtlvealwtLlfifi"

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER Z3. 1939-

Morning President. Hone-Col. Vice Prealdent. l.

Churchill's Comment ..i..______-_ \\'jn,tou Churchill, First Lord of tlle Ad-

miralty in tireat Ifritzlilfs new war cabinet, be- ‘lllill tlle Soviet-Nazi pact iuvcilves certain 'te gains for the democracies. In a signed ‘le in tfolliefs he outlines possible effects ‘(if fllllllllh surprise zlgreeiuetlt on the war sit- ll1Ill\‘t‘5 the following striking colli-

dt ilYllk 1h" iruioii, aiid itiniit '.

"The- Ituigcr the view we take of _ ing eient. the more ilitlst we rate it -as a grand advan to mankind. It has, at ab i, p r stroke, stripps-tl lhissizln Coliililtiuisul aiid .\.. anti-tV-lnuuuiisiil of their whole theme; ot ill ‘i; Q1'CIl('lllllll.\, of their ilicaus of appealing to llll‘ ulilld and spit-it of lilan. Iiistelitl 0f_t\\‘0 pmlc~rfill zuld, to certtliil types of nlind, captivat- ing philosophies, we have a couple. of sets _0f l'l'..ll gangsters joining forces in a jaui, pooling their lurk Ztlltl trying to shoot their way out \\'itli am loot tlle\‘ van carry‘ through the ti-nien of citllizalioil.” i I

"l have ncvcr coilsidcrcd Italian Fascism as on the saute plane as Xilzisill," .\Ir. Churchill sins: “and everyone has been struck by the th-icrioratiott in the position of Italy tllat has fol- li>\‘.‘(‘tl from the violent expansion of ticrmaily lll the north. This is no ilioment to make pre- dictions that lll-‘IV be falsified by the time they arc in print, but ‘one cannot doubt that the whole basis of the ideological association between Ber- lin and Rollie has been destroyed and that neither sentiment nor interest units the axis pow-

ers."

ln discussing the resemblances and the dif- ferences between Nazism and Bolshevislli. Mi‘. (Eiurchill coulp.'lrcs them to the. North aiid $otitli [yflwj "If you xvoltc up one morning at either, you would not know which it was."

this astound-

Oil As A-War Factor

Authorities in the United States predict that if tile. present coiltlict 15‘ prolonged. flfllllimY-‘i’ re.~-.:r\t- supply of one‘ vital comm0tlity—pctr0-

l-cum and its prodifcts~lvill be rpduccd to the ,

YCIBIL-llillg jioiut and, with major foreign sources the rcsfiltailt shortage may well be the

closed, _ _ final detcrliliiiiltg factor. vlhc piucli, they say, should begin to he felt during 1940.

In the Oi! aiid (ins Jn/lrtiiil of Sept. 14 the nutter is fcliiirerl editorially and in two illum- inzliiilg articles. lu the first place, it 1S pointed out that since the outbreak of war there have Reich tankers loaded at any ports of i» llll or .\'outh America. Already the first di- ne; fltllYe to qo-orrliuate United" States aviation gasoline producing capacity with requirements of the .'\ll!(‘.< has been made, the French bov- rriluleut having sought help of the leading pro- flll\'l‘l'\' m supply fighting grades of that product Iletails are still to be. worked out, btit nlost pro- to ttirn out exportable stir- piuses have expressed willingness to contribute to cargoes. '

ticrluzuiv is variously estimated to have stif- flchllL reserves to luéet ware-hie requirements for front 0 mouths to 2 years, the longer period lu-lug predicated upon the impression that ad- (illlillfll facilities for production 0f motor fuel from coal and ligtlite could be provided to raise output to 70 per cent of normal requirements. Iluriug the months immediately preceding otit- b" ' c of war, Clcrluziny was believed to he pro- ducing zlbout 50 per cent of motor-fuel require- merits through synthetic processes and front dn- rliestic crude-oil production, which was 4.295.-

li" "u no

ceptible of statistical measurement, A statistical

fore the Russian {of a took the field in Poland —it is questionabl .1f her internal consumption can be curbed sufficiently to afford major relief. Added to these opinions of experts who have the world petroleum situation at their finger tips, is the opinion of-IIugh Gibson, former United States Ambassador to Germany, who ili a broad- cast from London said Germany would begin to feel the pinch in 1940. He says the question of oil is more urgent than the need for food and more vital than it was in 1914, for the army has been motorized to an extent which has to be seen to be believed. The moment the general staff has to sacrifice military considerations to tllc need for economy on motor fuel, Germany will be in a bad way. It is the belief of those who should know that reserves will just about last otit this year.

Canada Year Book

file publication of the 1939 edition or the Canada Year Book, published by authorization of the Ilon. W. D. Euler, llliuistcr of Trade and Commerce, is announced by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. The Canada Year Book is the official statistical annual 0f the country and contains t. thoroughly up-to-date account of the natural resources of the Dominion and their development, the history of the country, its in- stitutions, its demography, the different branch- es of production, trade, transportation, finance, education, etc.——in brief, a comprehensive study within the limits of a single volume of the so- cial and economic condition of the Dominion. This new edition has been thoroughly revised througliotit aiid iiicltides in all its chapters the latest information available tip to the date of going to press,

The 1930 Canada Year Book extends to over 1,200 pages, dealing with all phases of the na- tional life and more especially with those sus-

sulilmary of the progress of Canada is included in the introductory‘ matter. This gives a picture in figures of the remarkable progress which the country has made since the first census of the Dominion was taken in 1871, sixty-eight; ycm-s ago.

EDITORIAL NOTEjS -

john, Lord Morley, died this date, i923. v y i. l. .

Fall ploughing is sadly at a discount due to the long drougth. It will take a deluge, or a long continuous rainfall, to allow the farmers to get on the land before frost sets in.

x

‘Charlottetoivn. Quite a compliment- : v a a Church activities have now been resumed for

I .

iiorss in ‘I'll! luv

Australia. wan one nun as the Land of Parrots but uncon- "91196 t-Plilbinl and ah have made ruclninroads that o 11v; of e special (exclud- ln the cockatoos) are Wlh any ll uency in Slowly govemmenta have ex- tended protection and now only two species may be taken with. out penalty—-t-he red or common rosela and the crllnson roaells or pink lory. They were left out be- cause they steal fruit. but the orchardists themselves. without prompting from the naturalists.

ave now urged the Chief Secre- tary to take them under his wing. They would sooner lose a. little fruit. they say. than witness the extinction of t-hese birds of bril- llflnt plumage whose massed flights 1n the sunlight provide one of the most. colorful sights of the island. — Australian Press Union.

Contrast between llle hlndilni of the King's speech by C B Cand the American chains was very' marked. C B C presented Hts Majesty's message. There was an awkward pause and then someone put. a nondescrlpt. record on the turntable and C B C went on with its routine job of filling 1n the day| with semi-classical music. Cana-, dlims who listened to the King's speech over one of the American chains heard t-he strains of "God

Save the King" followed H15 Majesty's addresl. Those who 11s- tened to ft over another of the

Ambrlcan chains heard Elgars familiar “lsand of Hope and Glory". A mighty challenge ls presented to radio in war time. It. must do its part to unite and inspire t-he nation. C B C has been slow t0 find Itself in war time. It. has given an excellent service of the news supplied to it. by the Canadian Press and has avoided offensive commentaries and uniformed com- mentaries on the war. Bub on I. few key occasions it has bungled its job badly. — Financial Post.

The Rev. Gerould R. Gold- ner, who was kidnapped and held u. week by a band of Arabs. has had his revenge He disclosed on 111s return to the United States the other day that, he had taught his captors, who previously had known only the rigorous delights of straight draw poker, how t0 vary the game by the effete and unmanly methods of making deuces wild and dealing seven- card stud. Draw Poker and five- card stud are games that. require the mathematical wizardry of an Einstein, tile histrlonlc ability ofa. Barrymore and the Spartan calm of the boy who saved the dike. Its ill-begotten variations, such as seven-card stud and deuces wild, on the other hand, are de-

IAN

/

of the zen- ooninlodlty prices under the war conditions into which the world has been thrust. is a question repordin which many are seeking in onnat on. Forecast- lug the probable trend o! prices is a precarious task at. best. with the many and diverse factors of oe- niond and supply which must. be taken into consideration. the present time. purely economic factors are complicated by the in- jection of political and even stretc- gic elements and conditions are changing with great. rapidity. For many months the international situation has been unsettled and uncertain with the threat of a major war constantly overshadow- iniz the world. This threat: has now become an actuality and with the Impact 0f war. the minds of many turn back to August, 1914, A study of what. happened to prices at- that time and in subsequent. months might therefore be of tn- tlelcst

eral level o!

While the general level of com- modity prices rose substantially dur- ing the period 1914 to 1918, 1t was by no mews a simple or continuous rise, particularly 1n the early months. The lnltlpl effect of the outbreak of hostilities was a pair- tial paralysls of business as stock and commodity exchanges closed all over the world. The prices o! many commodities; particularly those of essential foodstuffs such P5 wheat and sugar. rose, while these of non-essential or luxury izoods fell. The decline in the price of many bulky commodities was ac- centuated by sh‘ lng difficulties and the fear of e heavy accum- ulation of stocks-in the ports of exporting countries.

The rise 1n prices during the World War of 1914-18 was a con- tinuation of an upward movement. which had been undel- way from 1908 until 1913 not. only in Canada. but in most countries. Some abate- ment. in the advance had occurred during the latter part of 1913 and early in 1914, with the slowing down of the expansion in industry and trade. and. following the bountiful food crops of 1912 and 1913. but the fall in the izencral price level had been hardly ap- preciable by August. 1914.

The outbreak of war in August so dislocated trade that violent movements transpired durlm the balance of 1914 in the prices of

. i i I ‘v I A I Boiliiiioillty Prices In (tanaiia ' 4914-1921-

. (loyal Blllk ol Clllqdl. Monthly Letter.)

been recorded.

The mldel-lyirlg feature of prices movement during 1917 W88 the world shortage of food. all!"- alted by the difficulty of transport- ing stocks from the principal sour- ces of production, a. difficulty due

to the demand on the ocean tonnaoe for the shipment of war supplies and 1n- cieased by the losses caused by submarines. Prices moved a y upward during the first. pert. of the year but. less rapidly thereadtler. A shortage of grain developed in the spring of 191'! and the wheat. trade in Canada. was placed under Government control with the pur- chase and supply of imported grain 1n Great Britain. France and Italy handled by an Allied Buying Com- mission. Less marked but yet v important was the shortage in fue raw materials and manufactured gaozls. Railway transportation fa.- cilltles tn North America were strained to meet war detnimds and 1r. many eases lead bed and equip- ment requirements had been post- poned owing to the scarcity of ma- terials and high costs. e entry cf the United States into the war in the spring of 191"! had trem- endously increased thls pressure.

The upward surge of prices in Canada assumed renewed intensity 1n 1818 and the trend was par- ticularly steep during the first half of the year. The rise slacken- ea somewhat during the third quarter wlhen the possibility of an nrmtstloe appeared on the honimn a-nd with the actual cessation of hos- tilities in November a. slight de- cline was recorded,

POST WAR CONDITIONS

The continued reduction of the price level 1n the early months of 1919 followed as a. natural sequence; the vast. war demand had sudden- lv ceased and industry and com- merce had to seek new out-lets fol- their products. This was quickly achieved and what was in effect’: boom developed In the spring of i019. The recent belliqcrents and others were in urgent need of runny commodities for reconstruc- tion and the restoration of pence time activities. Funds secured for ‘he ‘Oflffyillitl 0n of the war by the liquidation of securities. loans and taxation were not yet exhausted. A very‘ important factor was the de- mobilization of millions of soldiers. a larcze proportion of whom did

nearly i111 groups of commodities. Wheat. followed by other grulnsi and flour, rose ii-biuptly and con-f tinned upward. with fluctuations.‘ to the end of the year. Sugar rosel

from the lowest level on record to

the highest reported since 1890.

mons that scoff

weaken his moral fibre and com-

4. y. plete hls transformation from _ _ pioneer to a product. of the hot- 'lhe new Presbyterian Church recently dc- houtse. New‘ that; bthese defieléfifdl’:

- . ' ‘ pas lines ave een intro uee dicated at I-Ian_\\c1l,'1\a.B., has been named bt. among the ma“ the handwrm laincs, after bt. James Presbyterian Church, m; t; on the W311, _ st“ mm,

Post-Dispatch.

Cotton prices slumped as demand fell ofif. fine wool prices fell. but those for coarse wool rose. Prices for apples and fish declined as foreign markets were expected to be cut oft; these prices. later re- covered. Meats rose under a sud- den demand for army supplies but. receded under a decline in de- mand for home consumption and

at man's skill,

People ask: “How are we going to finance this war?" One answer

the Fall and \-Viuter, but with sadly depleted ranks, especially as regards “man-power". For instance, out of 18 Rover Sea. Scouts no fewer than I5 are uow wearing the uniform of the Ring, ready for action; three city Scotltniasters are enlisted, besides innumerable assistants and senior $couts. a n a

It is coilteiidetl that laccause the leaders of the two great political parties are alleged to have agreed that none of the existing vacancies in the House of Commons should be contested. this applied to prospective vacancies as well. Nonsense. Othcrivise all the vacant senatorships and judgeships would be filled immediately froill the Liberal membership of the Ilotise of Cotil- moils, in the sure and certain hope that their successors would have a walk-over.

m a a v

Ilere is how they treat pacifists in Iditlerdom —-a. lesson for any here who may think Nazi- isnl is better than Democracy: Berlin, September I7—(AI’)—Execution of Germanys first conscientious objector was re- ported Saturday by authorities. August Dick- nian of Dinslaken, was shot by a. firing squad on charges of rcfitsing to go to the front. Paul Nfueller of Halle was sllot for arson and sabot- age. ' w a v m

54o barrels in i038, double the amount produced as l.lte as 1034. tilutput of synthetic gasoline list y-ezlr was estimated at around 10,000,000 l\'\l'l'(‘l\‘.

lpi-ijipg to world production of petroleum, wi: find that it is uljiroxilnzltcly 5,600,000 barrels <i.i:l_\. ll\'(‘ times vsliat it was twenty-five years “so \‘-ll(‘ll the last ivar starterl aiid four times 1hr .'l\c~ragt~ iltttpttt iu 1018, when it ended. I..'t:»t yell". output lTdCllCll 1.1)7S,34O,OOO barrels.

Iii the total, l'uit:tl Static..- prorltlced (ii per cent; l\'it\.\i.l, 10.5 per cent; Yeuezuela, 10 per cent: Iran. .3 per cent: Netherland, East Indies and llliruia. 4 per (PllljlRlllilillllii, 2.2 per cent: \lexico, i8 per Qellll Iraq, 1.5 per cent; Colum- hia. 1.1 ivrr ceilt, and 'l'riiiidad, .9 per cont.

lior|ii;f|'._v last _\'(‘.'lr pilrcliasctl 33 ptr Pent 0f iillrlrlrtcrl supplies from the two large refineries 3f the Xcthcrlaull West Indies; 37 P" Will Um" lillllfll States‘, I1 per ceut front Rumailizl and q per cent from Ycueztiela aiid Peru. These “stinlates lczlvc out any importations from 1\I(‘.\'lC1‘, tvliere it ;i.~d up in port. It is also reported that Cer- znauv rlwes fFti,00r>.r.>00 for supplies already dc- livericrl and that the contracts have uow been cancelled owing to unsatisfactory credit cou-

ilitious.

In contrast to expanding domestic output of iynthetic gasoline, tierulaiiy is reported to have "uade hilt little hezltlway iii curtailing its depend- PIICC upon foreign sources for Diesel oil. ports have increased from around 3,026,000 bar- rels iu 193: to irgogfloo barrels in 1938- (Innis in imports last year were noticeable and part is lwlirvctl to have been passed to storage.

The sum of these opinions is that the remain- ing possibility of adequate supplies for fiermaiiy" in event of a prolonged conflict is ltlissia, al- though the latter‘s exports have divindled to a point averaging only about 15,000 barrels a day, whiclrmight be raised by rigid internal ‘economy. While it seems evident now that Russia is pre- pared to supply Germany-or at

is reported three Gcrnlzlii tankers are‘

Inl-

least was bc-

Treatliieut of~ cancer by “freezing” to induce in the patient a state akin to the hibernation of animals, is praised by two Chicago ‘physicians as “a highly proiilising technique” which may lead tiltiniately to the much-sought control over cau- ccroiis growths. The two authorities, Dr. Dis- raeli Robak aiid llr- ILotiis B_ Newman of the Preslrvlerizlu and Cool: (fouuty Ilostiitals, de- monstrated before the 1.500 jiliynsicizliis attend- ing the American (Yongress of Physical Therapy a new ilicthod for zuliniilisterilig “refrigeratioil" to the human body by ilicalis of air coiiditioililig. Results already obtained by the “frozen sleep" treatment promise considerable relief to suffer- ers from cancer aiid tuiliors, the physicians re- ported. They emphasized, however, that it is too early to build high hopes for a cancer citrc. inas- much as another five years of research aiid testing iloiv going on throtigllout the, country will be required to determine whether the hibernation

I technique will uphold its early dramatic successes.

4- a n- a

"Easy shopping and more service is the urge of the customer of today," declared Miss Ruth llatenizln to the students at the Drapers’ Chamber of Tirade School at Ilalliol College, Oxford, the other day. This desire, she said, might be due to the increased [NICO of living, iii which there

ivas less time to do anything. Regard- ing the arrangements of departments, slle said that customers did not like asking their way too lilueh, as it gave them a

feeling of inferiority. They appreciated easy methods of finding their way about. The ma- jority of women, being conservative, did not like a frequent changing or sudden splitting up of departments. It caused irritation not to find things where one expected tlicm, and put the customer iilto a wrong mood. Men shoppers resented ivomen having to pass through their sections to get to their own. ivhereas women did not seem to bother about iiien wandering through their sec-din

\/‘ B)

w. ma.‘ a.

».. .1... .. l. ».

is the way in which w inaneed the lost. war. In 1915, when e dc- cided to raise our first. dmnestlc war loan, people shook their heads. Sir Thomas White, who was Min- ister of Finance at. the time, has told of the fears of bankers and ‘investment brokers; of a. wide- spread expectation of failure. It was said that the Canadian peo- ple were not. ‘investors; that. they deposited their savings in the l banks, had little knowledge of t securities. ‘The Government asked for 50 million dollars. The answer was that 25 thousand Canadians sent. in 100 million dollars _ just twice the amount asked for. “The success of the loan." wrote Sir Thomas White, "was a. sensation. That. Canada, which had always been a. borrowing country, and had no developed investment market of its own, should raise a hundred million dollars by popular sub- scriptlon from its own people, was hardly credible In London and New York." It; was the beginning of a new era in Canadian fi- nance. A second War Loan. in 1916, asked 100 millions. A total of 84 thousand subscribers responded with 200 millions. A third War Loan, tn 1917. asked 100 millions. Forty thousand subscribers repled with 250 millions. A fourth War Loan, known as the First Victory Loan lssued tn the same year, asked an additional 150 mlllons. The response was that 820 thous- and subscribers put up 398 million dollars-about 50 dollars for every man, woman and child in the country. A fifth War Loan, and the second Victory Loan, came in 1918, asked 300 millions. One million subscribers replied with 660 mil- lion dollars. or more than '15 dol- lars per head of population. Final- ly. there was the Victory Loan of 1919. arking for another 300 ml]- llous, The response to this was 6'16 millions—80 dollars per head of population. Thus the record of the last. war. Today. it can he said confidently. Canada's national economy is as siren: as 1t. was ln the year 1914-18. We have more plant. more productive capacity. more national wealth. more de- ve'oped resources. In the savings of Canada today there ‘s something like one and a half billion dollars: our total trade 1s greater than it. was when we entered the last war, and. the years of depression notwithstanding.» this country far from being bankrupt. cerL-alnlv far from being poor. We are atlll the fifth exporting nation of the world. and we have a national wealth estimated at 30 billions of dollars-Ants not including un- deve‘oped resources. Ottawa Journal.