l ,. i I l r

_._.__ ......,..,A..»_ ...,.

inAgricutural Activities Are Reviewed

' 11m ecuanorau '

‘It g ' A ." . y: namin- u‘ out. operating . _ _ ‘ awm: CalnsAndLosses I “milieu.” ' _ lDflmlmon Lzvestock. "f: $311K? sumac 1.5% " as: Actzvztres Revzewed r" mggugxli-zrmifkrr

In Farm industry

Field Production Well Maintained. Important Development Noted In Swine Industry.‘

(By W. ILfShaw. Deputy. Minister o

Agriculture)

Field production in the year 1939, while not as large as in fonner years, was nevertheless much above that of the previous season in both quantity and qual- ity with the possible exception of hay and root crops. The yields of flcld crops were evenly distribut- ed throughout the Province and were not marked by failures in any one section. Farmers in a num- ber of localities were handicapped by seed shortages and tho De- partment of Agriculture distri- buted, under the provisions of the Seed Grain security Act. fairly large quantities of oats, barley and mixed grains for seeding purposes.

For the past few years, the western part of the Province has

ecn seriously handicapped by low yields and partial failures in grain crops. Conditions, fortun- ately, have been reversed this year and Prince County, particu- larly t0 the west, enjoyed one of the finest yields of grains in its history

Tilt‘ quality of grains generally Wu. l‘ .r verv excellent nature and it 1 : 4-1114: to note that a much lurg ;- acreage and yield of bar- ley and mixed grains has been secured. The failure which has followed the growing of wheat for some time past seems to have been arrested during the present season and, as a result, a very substantial crop of wheat of good quality has been harvested. Un- fortunately, due to previous fail- ures, tire acreage was reduced to about one-half of the previous years area. and to one third the normal ilCfflfige for the province. 0n the other hand, barley acre- age rose by about twelve hundred acres and mixed grains by about four thousand acres.

The total result of the years grain production has been ex- ceedingy satisfactory. There has, undoubiedly, been a. tendency on the part of the average farmer to investigate improved sources of sup-ply of ivheat both from the standpoint of quality and suit- gbility of variety. A number of new varieties of oats have been tested out and have proved sat- isfactory against rust attacks. This has also been true with reference to wheat and it is now apparent that these new varieties will be- come ccmmon on the furms_ of Prince Edward Island within the

next few years. .

The price of rough grains L; on a somewhat higher level than at the same period a. year ago. Feed oats is sold at from thirty-five to forty cents per bushel at the time of writing. No doubt the advance in the price of mill feeds and the improvement in the hog industry will have some tendency to ad- vance grain prices to still higher levels before the season is over.

A prolonged dry season during the period of growth had an ad- verse effect upon pasturage con- ditions throughout the Province. As a result grazing remained poor throughout the whole season and livestock had to be stabled and fed almost a month earlier than in ‘I938. This unfavorable sit- uation actcd detrimentally on the dairy industry and also made heavy inroads into the roughages stored for winter use. The yield of“ hay has also been reduced below normal levels as a result. The dry weather, however, was not with- out its benefits in that disease attacks in the form of rust, blight and other afflictions encountered unfavorable conditions for de- velopment resulting in high quality production of cereals and tubers.

Root Crops

Turnips and mangels were down to a very considerable extent in yield and, in some cases, a severe frost in November damaged the mangel crop to a considerable ex- tent. The quality of Island tur- nips for export has been satisfac- tory although the price has no: been rcmuneraltive.

The potato crop as already stat- ed has been exceptional from the standpoint of quality and the prices have been of a very fav- orable nature. The production of potatoes during the year has been a bright spot in the whole field 01' farm Dractlce and the revenues from this crop this season will be of great assistance to the fann- ers generally. The Department of Agriculture has taken an active interest in the promotion of the potato industry and has adopted measures for its protection and advancement

In a few sections o! the coun- try. there were reported out- breaks of grasshoppers but prompt attention on the part of the farm- ersuasslsted by the Department of Agriculture in supplying, partially free, poison bran masn, effected control over this menace.

CROP YlELDS-—COMPARATIVE TABLE The folloiving comparative statement indicates crop yields for the

past six year period:-

1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939

whflfilt, bu}; 504,000 @5000 248,000 251,586 141.750 168,730 05.15, bllS. 5.331.600 5,008,350 5,132,000 3,437,200 44830440 4,940,200 Barley. D115. 90.000 95,200 133.000 139.750 195.780 252,900 BUCKWHCQI», bUS. 54,000 59,400 84,000 57,000 00.990 79.950 MlXEG Grains B51900 802.000 925.000 831,600 1.100.530 1,269,600 POIRtZBS. bilS. 9,542,000 5,095,000 6.650.000 5.730.070 0.403.000 4.142.800 TLlIIllpE. DUS. 6.050.000 4,H4>8,00'0 7.353.000 5,533,400 5.700.000 3,160,000 Hfly, [CD5 230.303 263.000 356.000 314.711 276.040 260,360 C3711» £0115 2.600 3,000 2,500 2,700 2,700 3,010 DAIRY PRODUCTS 1939 " 'i'_ But-icr. 1.690.000 lbs. 839365000 quality has been fairly steadily Chiefie- 600-099 lbs- GQ-OVJ-OO lilfllliifllllfd. The pricedcvcls in

Livestock Statistics 1939

Horses ~ — — — — — — 28.960

Cattle — — — — — — — 99,600

“gs — — — — — ~ —- — 48.100

Sheep — — — — — -— — 45.300

Poultry — — — — -— — 870,700

A great deal of interest was evi- denced this year in the grading and rolling of cranberries and blue- bTYIlES. Assistance was given the Prince Edivurd Island Berry Growers’ Association with head- quarters at Mount Stewart to es- tablish satisfactory grading and nrazketing of blueberr es and, as a result, a. large number of farmers and grou-crs have been benefited throng-h the higher prices keceiv- ed for the product. satisfactory sales were made on an export basis and a very considerable ex- pansion was experienced in dcssert blueberries ln the local trade. The cranberries processed through the association were also improved in oacl: and rnct ready sales at prices which were considerably above IcVCLs obtained urrdtr ill" old s_v-s- tern of careless marketing. For a orricd during the growing season. the Department of Agricuture em- ployed a fieldman t0 25W B55151" once to cranberry Brewers. Pa!‘ tlculurly in the proper methods of picking, shipping, cultivation of finis- delicious wild fruit.

Swine Production Increased

Livestock statistics indicate that. in most departments. the 1101mm‘ tlon has lxacn maintained at about thc same level as in DYQVWl-i cars. Expansion has taken place. rowever. in thc swine lndustry- A5 g, result of efforts promoted by both the Federal and Provincial Departments of Agriculture. i-YW number ‘of arfseergnlz £35 1,133) 3m" lorgcy ncre _ ' ment areas have been established at a number of places in the Prov- ince and a large number of brood sows have been distributed. T135 development cOIIIlYHZ “hm t e Empire ls at war and when bacon supplies will undoubtedly b! Heed‘ fortunate and satisfac-

fgry? vfrltypcrtations of brcedinfl stock have been made into the

Province during the season to ell;- rich the quality and visor 0! ' land livestock. m The horse industry "munues _ improve and a number im l- tatlons of high quéflitv breedlnz to k h been ma c. B 15m eaxshibltions held during 111E year were made more attractive ‘W1 interesting through an lh- m-useg number of exhibits in thv

horse sections. industry ls nut dr-

Ths- sheen vclcffrn to any 8"" "W" l"

this Province in

number: but the]

both hogs and lambs have been established on a. fairly satisfactory‘ basis. The increase in the cost of mill feeds has milltat-ed to some extent against the hog raiser, cvcn though assurance of steady markets has been a feature of re- cent developments.

The season, insofar as poultry ls concerned, was satisfactory from the standpoint cf poultry popula- tion but very disappointing on the basis of financial receipts. Poul- try prrccs were discouraging dur- ing the Christmas season and have offered very little inducement t0 the development of interest ,in this particular field.

Dairy Industry

The dairy industry has also been unsatisfactory from the revenue standpoint and butter and cheese prices have prevailed at a low level during the year. Many fann- ers tiu-ned over from butter- making to cheese-making on the strength of remunerntive market quotations during the previous ycnr _ and tn: feeling that this markct vlould he maintained at a fav- orabl-c figure. Unfortunately, the price for cheese went down and the whole situation created cou- sidcrable dlxatlsfactlon with 17W‘ ducers. Butter prices. I00. We" low and market conditions coup- led with unfavorable pasturage conditions developed considerable gloom among the dairymen of the Province.

During the latter part 0f the year, however, prices reached more favorable levels but, as feed prices have also advanced to new high

, the advantage of an ad- vanced market for the finished product ls not bringing any addi- tional net revenue to the pockets of lhe funner. During the year. the Dairy Association and the Department of Allrlculture have workcd in splendid co-operallon. A large numlbsr of conferences were held to discuss problems in- cidcntal to the industry and in every respect. the attempt to im- prove conditions for the producer has been sincere and sympathetic. One of the results of these confer- enc?s was the establishment of a rggld enforcement. of cream grading under the direction of the Dairy Superintendent. Many other 1m- prc-vcd policies were brought under consideration

Cow testing associations were also conducted through depart- mental services and there are now 10 active organizations operating in (he province. The export of dairy cattle" was brLsk for part of the season and producers growing rmlry animals of good commercial type profited by the market.

Calf Clubs and other extension

work was prosecuted with viiof-u o1

was felt that markets 13°‘ all: serious] (indulged.

WONG b0 y The work conducted by m. no. portment of t in the

um

form of Field ay; gm special w“ r c“ e o x owe as 8 OIIIQ C0 CD06 ug- er- mfillfifi’ "Pr. s..."- try. As a result of these features and a mature judgment on the ca.“ ti? rear ‘ll..‘°‘t§;“l.“ w a e us u

still a splendid future ahead. ‘Imam

arable re- duction in the kept in the Province but the level of quality will be raised through the severe culllgg of undesirable breeding stock. e large majority of foxmen realize that now is the opportune time to take stock and establish the industry on a level from which it may be able to meet competition of comers. In addition to the Demonstra- tions and live fox shows a succes- ful Pelt Show was held during the latter part of the season. The establishment of a market plan under the provisions of the Fed- eral Agricultural Natural Pro-_ ducts Cooperative Marke Act has been very eat be it in meeting the requ ants of fur producers during this period of uncertainty. A development of more than passing importance in the fox in- dustry during the year was the

types of foxes aunetimes char- acterized as freaks but posslbl more properly termed rim-neck . white faces and platinums. These beautiful new types have been eagerly sought after and will Ull- doubtedly make a decided contri- bution to the value of the indus- try. The future of fox farming is a. history that is yet to be written and which will include a great many new developments in the way of new types, new methods of ranch maintenance and nutri- tion, all of which will be of trem- endous value to the industry and people of this country. The Department of Agriculture has continued its policy of assist- lng in the importation of lime and as a result of this mistarwc about 13.000 tons of cm limflwnv have been distributed to the farm- ers of the province. This is par- tlcularly an important practice and is vital under present neces- sities as a result of war conditions.

Federal Supply Bd.

During the autumn I was privi- leged to attend a conference call- ed by the Federal Supply Board at Ottawa at which representatives frcrn the Department 0f Agricul- tures across Canada were present. The situation in all provinces was brought very vividly before the meeting in relation to food pro-' duction and supplies and it was pleasing to note that Canada is Ln a very splendid tondition to give vital assistance to the Em- plre insofar as supplies and food- stuffs are concerned. Subsequent to this meeting a conference was called at Charlottetown and mach- incry was set up which will func- r‘ tion as necessary in the promotion of improved production of farm orom and livestock not only as an necessity under war cfilnditions but also with the idea. of establishing farm production in the country on a high basis of quality which in post war years will be able to meet competition in any market in the world,

There is today an alertness on the part of farmers and a re- vised interest in farm practices which I believe will be of greater influence in farm rehabilitation and inrprovemcnt than anything that can be done rn the way of financial assistance. A realization of improved farm practices. im- proved varieties of seed and care- rul investigation of problems on each farm by the farmers them- selves W111 be a tremendous in- fluence in the rte-establishment of farmers in profitable farm 1W5-

bandxy. Youth Training

Under the Federal Provincial Youth Training Program a. lame amount of work has been con- ducted with the youth of Pfimb Edward Island. Courses have been modelled to efficiently train youna men and women along certain practical lines of development. These courses have taken the form of Homemaking, Domestic Bcimce. Health and Handicraft arid Tour- 1st Catering for glflfi. Fisheries. Leadership, Agriculture, Egg and Poultry Grading, Carpentry, Black- smlthing, Farm Mcnachlos, Boat Building, Fox Faimiw. B11 d9" signed for boys. ‘Iue first Leadership course to be undcrtaitcn in this province under this policy was conducted at St. Drrruetnns University during the late fall and proved to be of outstanding success. The effect is now becoming apparent in 11189 number o; om- communltles and it ls feit that with proper oo-ordln- atlon of effort on the part 01 the stctff of both the Provincial and Federal Departments of Agricul- ture clip-operating with the 30.166118 who are going back to the local communities that great influence will be launched 1n the interest o! rural development. In addition to these courses a National Foresbly FY0813!" W35 1"‘ mated during the season designed to improve and maintain arm woodlots. Under this policy 30 areas were improved. This W011! attracted a great measure of at- tention and has develoPed an 1Y1‘ icrcst in the rehabilitation of farm wood and timber lots. It is the intention u» eularee on the

ro ram durln nex year. pig addition“ to the BcNViUE-B outlined ln th’. article a latte number of other usual policies of the Department AUIOIIIWN were conducted with vigor.

In conclusion I wish to com- pliment and thank the members of the Dominion Livestock Branch Experimental Form for \ theii splendid assistance given In the conducting of work and cu- iarly the extension of polcies of the Provincial Department, and in regard to carrying out of Short Courses during t c past season. On account of the sincere co-oper- utlon that has been active in this province between the stilt! of flic- various departments. it has been possible. with a small staff. to cor-

arrival and distribution of new-

exlstlng markets for

freedom from disease and continued

..ity of the stock raisers

Live Stock Division

Dr. E. S. Netting, supervisor.

Mr. SD. Irvine, Senior Live Stock Eleldman.

Mr. LW. R0961‘, Ifleldman.

Mr. I-LW. 0.0!. Swine Grader 6: Assistant Flcldman.

Health of Animals Division

Dr. ES. Netting. Supervisor.

Dr. S.A. Hill, Senior Veterinary Inspector.

Dr. WR. Thompson. Junior Vet- erinary Inspector. -

Mr. W.T. Elnnls. Assistant

qaector.

There has been considerable in- crease in the movement of llve stock from Prince Edward Island during the past year.

A demand for rade dairy cattle in the United S tea, resulted in the shipment of several carload lots during the Winter of 1938-39, then shipments continuing well into the late Summer of this year. Newfoundland after adopting more rigid import regulations with regard to live stock, provided an active market for cattle, horses. sheep, swine and poultry through- out the season when navigation was Carload lots of horses and ‘ cattle also went forward to St. John's by rail via North Sydney. Domestic shipments of cattle, calves, hogs and lambs. for slaugh- ter have gone forward to local ab- batoirs and to Montreal in increas- ed numbers. During the year. the live stock policim of the Federal Department of Agriculture have been carried on as usual, as well as the joint policim and projects carried on in co-operation with the Provincial ent of Agriculture. Com- ment upfm the various phases of llve stock activity will be made by ills of the Department port the actual field work. The con 1 of parasites in farm animals has become a matter for active consideration in this prov- lnce. Demonstrations of the best known methods of control which have been made in the past shall

In-

be continued in the future.

Improved methods of feeding are

ii:-

B! LIVESTOCK mvrsrou. PBDDUCTION SERVICE, nommou DEPARTMENT or AGRICULTURE i

cows safely in calf. This will cause a h-emend shortage in newly freshened cows next year, and also a tremendous mortace in milk uotion. This will handi- cap c breeders from 19991118 1M finishing pork and giultry in I greet extent, owing the summit? of the skim able.

A greet deal of this trouble pos- sibly is due to several causes. con- dltlon of tho animals. the lack o! mineral in the pasture and rfllllh‘ age and neglect to supply mineral substitutes. As every stock breed- er should realize. the in late years our soils and feeds luck tremen- dously of calcium and other miner- als, we would recommend that every stockman ke¢l> an This supply o! mineral in reach of is stool! l B11 seasons of the year. This 51101114 have a tendency to assist in solving their breeding problems.

The market for dairy cattle during

the year of 1939 has been very favourabie. A large number of commercial dairy cows have been shipped to the United States, Up- per Canada and Newfoundland. There has also been a. good demand for pure bred dairy cows for im- provement of herds in Ontario and Newfoundland. The demand for high quality breeding stock was far greater than the supply.

At the present time the outlook for export trade for livecfocladalry and beef products is brighter for the coming year, than lt has been for some time, and one objective should be kept in mind by the breed- ers and feeders, to prepare their stock and dairy products in a more suitable and attractive manner as to finish and quality.

The year I939 has been one of marked improvement for the Junior Cattle Club workers of this Pro- vince. Eighteen clubs completed their year's work. This is a joint poll sponsored by the Production S cc Dominion Department of Agriculture, in cc-opcnticm with the Provincial Department of Agri- culture of this Province. The boys‘ and girls’ took a very active part in th various county shows through- out the province, together with

recognlaed as being of primary 1m- n in ‘hhe improvement of live stock. Much helpful infor- mation has been passed on farmers and stockmen in this re- gard.

Farm sanitation in connection with livestock has also been stres- sed as a valuable adjunct to the development of healthy breeding stock, the elimination of feed wast- age and economic loss through condemnation of carcasses or parts of carcasses upon slaughter. Advisory assistance has been re- ceived from the officials of the Health of Animals Division as to the best and proper methods of cleaning up and disinfecting farm stables, pens, sheds, etc, at peri- odic intervals.

All llve stock urchased outside the province for reedlng purposes, wls treated for Hemorrhagic Sep- tlccmia, as well as receiving the necessary test for tuberculosis be- fore being brought. into the pro- vinoe. in all instances where pur- chases were arranged through thc Department.

It is advisable at this time to ad- vocate most emphatically, the ad- visability of more feeds, better feeding and finishing of all class- es of our llve stock if we hope to enjoy a continuation of already our stock. Ample supplies of home grown feeds. clean comfortable quarters.

thrlftiness throughout the grow-lug period of any animals life are the most important factors in deter - mining whether those engaged in live stock production reap a profit or exeperience a los.

CATTLE

At the beginning of the year of I938, the llve stock breeders and feeders of this province, were faced, with a very critical situation. as l the greater part of the province had a scarcity of home grown feeds. and owing to the lower market values of both dairy and beef pro- ducts, they were unable to pur- chase a. sufficient quantity of mill feeds at prevailing prices to over- come the shortage in the roughage crop, with the result that ihc mn- lority of the stock went out pasture in early Spring condition; although a large major- lznd cut down to a large extent on the num- ber of urimals kept in their herds. However, they were very fortunate in having a fair amount of good pastures in the early part of the season, but owing to drought, the pastures dried out during the Sum- mer with scarcely any after grass. the production fell off rapidly. It was found exceedingly difficult to keep the dairy herds in condition. as there was also a shortage of green feeds.

The breeders have been very for- tunate in so far as their grain and root crop ls concerned. It may well be said tho we have harvested perhaps ome of the argest crops of this kind in this province, but we are again faced with a short-age of hay. Athough farmers have been culling out their herds lo some extent. and with careful sirpervlslon in feeding. it is quite possible that the majority of breeders will have a sufficient quantilv cf roughage to carry their stock through this winter.

This province is facing a critical situation, one whlah has not been ‘noticed by the average breeder. We refer u» the large number of young

on I in poor i

their local district competition. At the end of the sea-son they coun- pleted their showing and competi- tions at the Calf and Poultry Club Central Fair, which was the largest oi’ its kind ever held in this pro- vince. The quality of the stock was pronounced by the udge to be equally as good if no ‘bettr-r than some of the major junior shows which he attended in Upper Ca- nada previous to coming w Char- lot/tetown.

The object of this policy is to create a greater interest among the junior Farmers in caring for, feed- ing and developing a better qual- lt/y and type of dairy and beef cat- tle, and in fanm life in general.

To further strengthen the ef- fectiveness in livestock breeding operations by encouraging the use of proven high class herd sires, and to further develop the principle of a community breeding system. This Dolicv when working jointly with the Bull Loanring Association herd improvement. Fifty-six De- makcs an excellent combination of parlmenta! owned bulls have been on loan in various districts in the Province during the past year. Im- llrovememt in uniformity of type and quality is becoming noticeable i“ mmy-centres. Intelligent and Careful application of this method 0f Wilding up our livestock can DPOVe to be very beneficial over a period of time

SHEEP

The sheep industry in Prince Ed. ward Island witnessed no out- standing change or development divine the pest year. Climatic conditions during the Spring and Summer months were not parucu. larly favorable to sheep raising. The late spring followed by very dry pastures retarded the develop- ment and flashing of the lambs. With increased rainfall in the late fall and, after-grass, lambs still on pasture improved materially.

The grading of comme ulul mar- ket lambs on a basis of depart- mcntally set standards. where the lambs were settled for om rall- welght and quality. was introduced dirrin-g the year. Payment by qual- lly has enrphoticallv revealed the importance of breeding stock of Sllltnblt? market type, treatment ntzainst prrrasiticlsm, and value to bc uazn-rd from good feeding prac- "ticcs.

Breeders of registered sheep again availed themselves of the Federal Ram Grading Polio , under which rams in pure b, flock; we" graded according to quality and de- velopment. With a view to the im- provoment of quality in pure bred and commercial flocks, forty-five graded and registered rams were purchased by Isfand breeders under the Ram club Policy of the Domin- ion Department of Agriculture.

Parasites continued to menace the welfare of the sheep industry in this province. Many flock own- crs have established the practice of treating their shee with the Nico- llne and Sulprate rench, and have found this drench, when systemati- cally and repeatedly administered, to be quite effective in the removal of several commonly-found intern- al parasites. SJ-cep are particular- lv susceptible to parasites. and it lwhooves all shcepmen to coke steps to remove the cause of this ins."- to the industry.

Renewed interest in the lump. shire breed has been in evidence during the past year, a similar "and having been noted also in the

calves and yearling heifers which have been shipped to various pack- ing plants by drovers from the Up- per province: of Canada. This is apt to cause a shortage of young cattle particularly dairy breeds in the province.

The breeders ln many districts of this province are also facwiq another iaerlous condlvon. which nerhapa has not been viewed as to be as critical as it really is. A larcc number of districts have met with

r_v on successfully a largo amount work.

the misfortune In not having their

P4

,; .,,,.... wu-

Province of Quebec this pasl, 115,11, Purchases of Hampshire breeding I stock from Central Canadian I ‘locks have been made during the hast year 5v Messrs. George Mac- l Donald lb Sons and Mr. Alex Ham-

, Finn of Montague. Mr. Almun Bos- '

Wll of Mnrshflr-ld and Mr.

Wr-kleson of New Glasgow.

; Stronger lamb and wool prices

l luring the latter months of the

i "Mr have awakened greater inter- "It in the raising of sheep, and in lhe securing of grade ewes. ularly. to add to commercial

RH.

milk not being avail-

to be a very definite neuron of revenue to Island

Iflllfll.

The induotry in keeping with that as experienced in other provinces. and notably the Canadian West, has witnessed some expansion in Prince Edward Island. Certain additional districts have establish- ed and consolidated themselves as centres for the regular shipment As a result of "Sow Im- grovemmt Units" in districts where

0g production was formerly not ac vely engczod in. marketing fig- ures hidlcaic an 1m ovement ln typo and in the num or of mercial hogs marketed. . The rail grading of Island hogs would, in many instances, indicate the necessit of producers paying closer atten ion not only to proper feeding methods, but to the utili- zation of breeding stock which is well cod and smooth in con- formation. as well as being indica- tive of good strength and consti- tution. A conformation which shows good "straight lines". and absence from a heavy shoulder. mould be uppermost in the mind of the hog producer, when select- ing a sow, or mating this sow for the production of a litter. Particu- larly at this time should we en-

com-

consequently improved '

-Gra.de C .l2 l-2c. or

deavccr to maintain and improve bacon type and quality in our hog product on.

Rail grading returns also indicate the importance of producers mak- ing every effort to market a. much higher percentage of their hogs within the proper weights. 140-170 bounds. At the present time some shipments have as many as 40 to 60 rcent of the hogs outside this

le range of weight.

During the year numerous Live Stock Shipping Clubs. Farmers In- stitutes and private breeders pur-

reglstered Yorkshire sires from Advanced Registry herds for the improvement of the industry in their respective districts. A ship- ment of five registered boars was made by Island breeders to the De- partment of Agriculture and Rural lie-construction at St. John's. Newfoundland. Late in the year, the purchase of several, carefully selected oows a. boar was made by Phlooxvwood Farm and a number of Island breeders from outstand- ing Ontario and Quebec herds. Through the assistance and direc- tion of policy afforded by the Prince Edward Isl-and Department of Agriculture and the Prince Ed- ward Island Live stock Marketing Board, young sows selected from the market offering were sold to farmers desirous of securing young brood sows of good bacon type,

Experience has revealed that where mixed livestock farming to include hog raising has been prac- tised. greater stability of farm op- eration and revenue has resulted. Given feeds at a price-level con- sistent with hog markets-and with a‘ definite outlet for bacon and hams available, hog raising should continue to be a very ClClfl- nite source of revenue to our pro- ducers and a foundation of strength

to our Island agriculture.

POULTRY INDUSTRY

(By PM. Nash, Senior Poultry Pieldman Live Stock Products Di- vision)

The outstanding feature of the poultry industry for I939 was the disposal of surplus stocks of eggs and poultry during the latter part of the year at prices which showed a margin of profit to the trade in general. This condition had the effect of turning what might have been, and was fully expected to be bv many. a disorganined and low price market. into one which show- ed a good margin of profit to pro- ducers

‘This improved outlook at the end of the year was not a lucky coin- cldence, but the result of planned action on the part of the Canadian Produce Association. (whose mom- barshlp consists of firms arxcl iridi- vlduals of the egg and poultry trade) in (go-operation with the Dominion

ent of Agriculture. It I bel eved this effort assisted ln mak- ing the consuming public more poultry conscious. and turncd what might have been an unhealthy mar- ket into a surprisingly urcourag-

lng one.

It is difficult to estimate the pro- duction of eggs and dressed poultry for the year due to a change in the method of marketing, by which a considerable volume wont direct form country points to Maritime centres. It is believed that pro- duction was similnr to that of last year.

The average price paid to produ-

cers for eggs for the year was: Grade A Largo .20 l-2c: GTEHlP A Medium .18 1-32: Grade B .16 2-302 an average price of .l7c per dozen unurnded, which is approximately two to three cents lower than in 1938. The qual- ity was superior r that of last year. . Dressed poultry prlccs turkeys Grade A .180 a pound; Geese, Grade A .15 1-20: ducks, Grade A .14 l-2c: chickens Grade A Mllkfed, .l8c: Grade B Mllkfed .160; Grade A 16c; Grade B 14c: Grade (‘- JZP- Quality was only fair the early part of the season but improved considerably as the season advanced. Dressed poultry prices were approximateiy the same as in 193R

Although ca’! prices ivcrc not as high as in 1938 feed prlccs were lower. therefore cost of production was less which gnvc the producer rvbout the same profit ns inst veal".

A review of conditions throughout the past year shows that poultry raisin/g was a profitable phase of fanning in this nrovincc.

A poultry outlook for 1940 in these times of rapid chance nn-l un- expected development is difficult to give, “out it ls felt that poultry raising will continue lo be a pro- fltable phase of farm operation in ‘he coming year.

The average nonltrymants pros- oecta for I940 depend first upon himself, then noon nature's con- iribution, and flmllv, upon the economic world. Price and de- mand for a product are largely de- termined by conditions in the in- dustrv itself. Prospects at this time are favourable for the production of eggs and poultry.

The poultry industry of Prlncr Edward Island, centering around

W611‘ I

9Q flocks. farm fioclu, breeding (arms, hatch- J

Island Division

QfRailwayShows

Traffic Increase

(mnadlan National Railway oar-loud traffic ferried between Borden

and Toa-mentinc (both

directional in 1980 nhowed on increase of 2,433

cars over the I038 tmflfic, it wu revealed in figures hammer by m; c“.

adran National Railway here through the

Kinnon, Division Superintendent.

tour

E. W. - A total of M“

17. 0 cars‘ were ferried

across Nozthumberlond Strait this year u compared with 14,792 in m,

1937 12-month period

Potato shipments- from the Province

this year showed an increase

of 338 carloada but on the other hand I alight reduction wu new! m

the movement of turnips,

the previous year's m

ovemont. _ It was in the automobile traffic that the large

more cars coming from Tormentine den to Torment-inc during‘ Below is a stawmen

88B can. 56 urn less than a you ago coming flour and feed shipments this y“! totalled 961 can, 106

. In- above

iglllp occurred, 1,10:

to Borden and l 5 going from Bor.

the you. . of can ferried, both wayfib month by month r n.

with the 1938 figures given for purposes of compo

Office of the Superintendent, . Charlottetown, P. E, 1., December 28th, 989.

STATEMENT “OF CARLOADG

STATEMENT OP AUTOS IEIIBIED BETWEEN BORDEN AND CAPE TORMENTIME, YEARS 1938-1839

Borden to ‘Ibluieutim ‘rormentlno to Borden Month 1938 1089 I938 1939 Jan. 15 29 l2 g3 Feb. 8 13 ‘l ll March — 37 9 59 April 365 I55 260 205 May 558 666 718 7B2 June 1059 I307 1180 1356 July 2023 2399 2244 2313 Aug. 3161 3597 3152 3431 Sept. 1885 1793 1597 1496 October 1013 1MB 989 1019 November 64B ‘I'll 638 689 Dec. 26th 114 31D 76 95 10,739 12,034 10,882 11,984

‘Total for 1939 24.018

Total for 1988 21,621

Increase for 1989 2.397

TRAFFIC FERRIEgDBETWVEI-IN

B0 DEN AND TOMENTINE, YEAR TORMENTINE TO BORDEN

Flour Oil _ Month LCL Coll d: Red Moots a Gas Mics. Total Jan 163 19'! 63 27 13 232 894 Feb. 161 151 60 l6 1'1 310 715 March 170 302 95 11 Z8 240 746 April 158 106 78 l5 Z1 427 8V1 May 196 as 1a l2 55 700 1130 June I98 91 89 1B 102 438 923 July 198 105 96 19 124 433 975 Aug, 204 91 84 9 1B5 871 924 Sept. 2'26 Z57 U H 1W 317 988 Oct. 236 399 73 1G 65 324 992 NOV. 212 $0 B’! l8 B 283 888 Dec. 2a 14a m 1'1 a 2s 2n cs4 1 2364 2014 901 I81 745 4281 10.446 1938 2180 1839 765 B9 631 37M 9,348 BORDEN TD TOIMENTINE Month m1. Livestock Potatoes mnups Misv- Total Jun. 90 b9 240 100 55 54° Feb. 96 45 2'11 '75 33 519 March 91 64 487 103 44 739 April 83 8B 452 84 55 742 May 94 86 257 23 104 544 June I03 34 193 — 73 July 10o 24 31 - 65 228 Aug, 108 '13 - l5 as 282 supp 10s av o4 a1 a9 435 Oct. 109 13B S91 68 6'7 771 Nov. 105 82 482 148 95 913 Doc. 28 ‘l’! 45 289 120 88 619 1166 788 3157 823 855 6754 rags 109s '15s 1am 8'19 882 5444 erics and marketing agencies. fire Wee breeder: under this P0- marches onward, showing continued W- improvement in production and B07!’ if Glrll‘ Poultry 6111b

marketing methods.

Poultry production on Prince Ed- ward Island farms is definitely es- tabllslled as a profitable side line in aweil balanced farm programme and serves as the source of a reli- able cash income for the farmer. The farm poultry flock serves as a marketing agency for. many crops Pmducvd on the farm. changing the farm grams, after being supple- mented with other necessary in- gredients, into a quality product,

Gvvcl Assistance The Wmk °f Poultry promotion in Prince Edward Island is based upon clearly defined policies ex. pressed by the Provincial Dept. of ‘Atgrilculltturemand closely fro-ordin- w oee of th Dom! l Dem- 0f Agriculture. a n?“ The Poultry lm rovement pro- gramme ls design to improve egg Production. egg size. market qugl- ltlcs and other breeding charger". ésiltégs. and to control pullorum dis. A definite plan of flock gglegllon l; l" Operation in connection with reeding flocks producing hatching 0911.5. These locks are selected ‘and leg banded each year by qugl- fled inspectors, and many flock owners arc utilizing pedlgfggd ‘my R- 0- P- Improved males. specialized breeders trap nest, Pedimte "id DPOEWY test under an R. O. P. supervised programme, and serve as a source of superior stock for flock improvement, Pullcrum testing l; 1n en; practice Among breeding flue and hatchery operators recognize flhe value of the precaution in pmvgnfl- 1M the spread of pullorum (lineage, The Prince Edward Island pop]. try improvement programme has not only advanced the quality of m6 Poultry stock and made poultry keeping a more profitable enter- grisfi but also has made p, p}, 1, 0C 7 8 d for breedmgrimclfpendable source The lXlultry extension service "ldmvm to out mm effectpolicics for the encoumganent and better- ment of the industry from the Slrfifldlifllnt of production. The policies in force are u follows: "fllflhf-‘Yy Approval Rcgulotlonl, which are rules govemlng mo op- nratlon of all Government A