. F.w.ugp1qn¢t&

I

FORAFARMERS. STOCK B

3 THE

CHA l?.I:(_)_'l‘TE_'l‘O_VVN GI.lARDIAN

REEDE ARNERS;

NATURAL ieasouacns MAn.snr_m.o '

1 CONSERVATION «

—-T-é—— . A wnxbx COLUMN or mac-_noai.‘onNioNs or ran VITALJSBUES uuorma run one AND Anusu or

1

BY ME. LUDIDW JENKINS.

‘ ' [ON 0'‘ THE PMTECT linens or PEEY

fantastic Newspaper Stories

an M1 Always excgpung the r on Science Monitor. we observe that papers have no policy regarding wud me. The same paper that publishes a fine article about Hawk Mountain sanctuary, and tells a- bout the value of the hawks to the farmer and to the vlboftlmltl wm_ perhaps soon after. tell fan- tastic tales of attacks of eagles and hawks on children and adults. Nppmelilly. any cub reporter is mm of getting in his story. if it ii an account of an impossible at- tack‘ by a hawk or eagle.

Webster's D5-ctionary defin news as "information about a thing be- fore unknown." If the tales told by reporters were ttue. they would be news indeed. Do the writers of these tales not ,know that» birds and animals do not sudsd-enlv de- viate from habits that through the ages have been mmutablc? Do editors never verifv these tales of 3 “thing before unknown?"

But the courtesy C_-f editors is yery gracious. The daily press will publish letters that correct mis- statements. We ask you to write such letters correcting false stories about wild creatures. Always re- member that editors are interested to hear from local era.

The Hawk Mountain Sanctua .y Association

we all know Hawk Mountain sanctuary as the “first sanctuary ibr the protection of the birds of prey." The of visitors. from many states and many countries to Drchers- dur-

the re- marikab mim-ation flights of haw-ks and eagles. Tire Sanctmry has become a school and a labor- story for h-awk inrlonnation and

research. And a very delightful fellowship exists between the be- ginners in hawk study and the

export observers by give of their knowledge. Hawk Mountain Banctuarv has

has been necuary in order to es- zabllsh I-lawk Mountain sanctuary —for the whole enterprise has re- paid us three-fold in the keensat- ‘sfsotion of success. Conservationists will recall that the opportunity to estaiblish Hawk Mountain Swnctilary was first of- fered to the National Association of Audubon societies, in 1933. when M)‘: John Baker was Presi-‘ Wit of the‘ 308151 aigfwbirectors. a stopped ii. an incd pos- session of Hawk Mountain only after it became perfectly clear that the Audubon Asociation had tak- en no ‘stops. to secure the prop- erty. nor to put’ an end to the cruel shooting of eagles and hawks which during many years had we a shambles of Hawk Moun-

Mr. Baker. men President of the Board of Directors. was ly criticized for his failure to act. As a result. in October, 1034. Mr. Bfilflh by that time executive of the Audubon Assooiaizion. tried to force us to relinquish I-Iawk Moun- tain to the Audubon Association.

any member of the a'.o.c.. Mr. Baker asked for and accepted funds for the purchase of Hawk Mountain by the Audubon Association. al- though neither he nor the Audu-

Spinning and Weaving

Send me your wool to be spun Into Ylrn and woven Into blankets. The chlrfees are: i .

d 28 cents per pound. Blank- “! 00!! 32.00 '\undci-ed; and if un- laundered $1.85. It takes five pounds of wool per blanket. .

Wool must be weu washed, all burrs and dirt picked out.

The aim of gfnglo yum medium. and doubled yarn. in line, medium‘ and coarse, also hooki ylrn.

Put shipper’; name, | dress own- ers name and Instructions inside all - ‘)u-cal-.

Send by man or freight. Freight will be paid. on 100 Round lot.

Price of well was ed. dry. bland. white wool is as cents per mm!-

oo for unwashed wool 12 cents sash. 14 cents trade

Auto robeI.. blankets and Fancy Bod Throws for Illa.

. CONDON P. 0. Box 95 as Queen street. hulolictown l.-/us-s-2a-rri-W-May as Aug”.

SCANDIA Fox Farm Choppers

llo.IVfo'r‘lgi‘.n.l'Iu-iia .No.Ifornu'lIl.‘oruu

Bo. _

bon Association had any connec- tion with the enterprise.

It appeared that a great ury was being done to Hawk Moan ' I sanctuary: that. though

» f of Audubon -Association bridged our lean years with generous gifts, while we sought help from a wide P“bU0- Gifts came in small a- nmunts. but from many peo le. in this way the Sanctuary 3.. came widciyi known. It tiuvve as I. democru c orauiisa on, gup- ported by a fellowship of hemis- conservationistaeach of whom was $6“ ‘ly interested in its suc- flbw. the sanctuary is establish- ed. inudopecndcnrtly of the E.C.C., and is in itself a nucleus of con- servation arourd which a great and permanent conservation work KN . The Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association is incorpor- ated in Pennsylvania. It held its first meeting in June. 1938. at which time the E.C.C. turned over all moneys which it had held for the sanctuary. as is shown in our 'I‘ncasurer's report on page 22.

Mr. Maurice Broun remains with the Hawk Mourimain Sanctuary As- sociation as Curator of the Sanc- tuary. and Mrs. Broun is still the sanotueryk beloved hostem. For Mr. and Mrs. Broun

and of such initiative. devo- tion and kindness as is not often met with in this world. The sanctuary has now I head- fillbrters. the old "shaumbock 'Ila.v- em" of Revolutionary days. the gift of one the Association’s Directors. The little house which has looked out on the marching troops of the R.ev;_'ution and of the Civil War is stoutiy built, quaint and hoinelike. on the property which went with it is I. fine . a. necessity to the sanctuary which elsewhere has no reliable water-supply.’ With the mlaltion of "8baumbock’s” anew of service opens to the Hawk Mountain sanchury Association. It now becomes poadble to have Mr. and Mrs. Broun in residence throughout the year. At. their own eanpense, they are spending the winter there. and are protecting the mammals of the Sanctuary from hunters and in s. "Wehavo I. Gave at," writes Mr. molm. "He lives in the cel- lar, where we first found his nest when we got the house. He has a cozy nest (made of burlap bag all chewed up) under the chairs. Thcdoeamiheryoarlingcomoto cod under our persimmon tree. A aiuow lives under the front steps. a weasel in the stone wall out back. and a big gray suuirrei in the in front." Mr. Broun tells us also of the tracks of ruf- fed grouse and wild turloory, of . ccoons. . and red and gray foxes, which he has seen in

he

- NEWSY

BY AGBICOLA

Crosses and Monuments.

on the village green at Ryton on the Tyne stands what is known as the Market Cross: its bass is a ser- ies of stone steps. whereon the country folk displayed their fruit, vegetables. butter. and eggs and so forth. before the advent of the grocery stores. Just behind it is the Cross Inn with its lop-sided signboard: when the sign was first gut up the enterprising landlord

ad named it the Holy Cross Inn. but this was too much for the villagers’ sense of propriety and‘ they forced him to cu: out the first word.

Away on the other side of the Darwent Valley was the stump of the Ciilbaide Cross. which also was once used as a market cross, ion ago. It is a local tradition tha

d the Black Death-the Newcastie used to travel to this cross. taking the provisions placed there by the country folk and leav- ing the money for them in a. basin of vinegar, as a disinfectant. Crosses. however, were not orig- inally intended as conveniences in marketing; but were erected for several other purposes Many North Country crosses were prom- inently placed on the crown of 8. hill as convenient landmarks for travellers in what were then more or less desolate regions. A fifteenth century -writer tells of another pur-

0 NOTES 5 , TIMELY NOTES on TOPICS 1 cosnscren wnn :‘1‘<l)gl.atHl:stlSrui§i?“l:lseVoe!I" gfiairlié

depended on his speed. There are smaller water beetles galore, but one must be a. specialist to distin. suish and name them. The larvae of the caddie-flies lazily roll about the sandy bottom oi mile pool. in their tubular hsbitations camouflaged with bark and stony Particles. An interesting collection oi “life in a different medium." The sheep sorrel (locally hhc “Red Weed’) is very much in evi- dence in the hay-fields this sum- mer. It is of course always with us, but when there is plenty of competition from fires: and clover, it is pretty well em: down. my

is short, this and the clover is kmerd out. so mg: sorrel is lourishing d will

In doubtless produce anoiuh seed to give us the seven year's weeding of the old proverb. Liming the land will help somewhat against it. by encouraging the clover in next rotation, but this year all we can do is to grin and bear it; a course which Josh Billings usuru us is the foundation oi all the phil- osophy ln the world.

We have the many-flowered Woodbrush (Luzula calnpeatris, var, m||“i'"0l’8.) a grassylookingplant with soft ha leaves and umbeil.- ate cJiestnut- ued or pale brown flowers. On a ramble the other day I saw a woodbruah that did not exactly fit this description, yet

pose “that when foike passyng see the Cross. they shou‘d thynke on Hym that deyed on the Crosse. and worshypp Hym above all . thynge." of-her crosses were set up‘ as memorials oi notable events, asl was Neville‘s Gross near Durnami. where the English defeated lire

Scots in 1346. and captured their

King. or this famous cross only

the base remains. the shaft hav-

ing been "suddenly defaced andl throwne d e by some lewde dis-

posed per ans" aboutthemidclleof

thesixteenth century ('I‘othl.s.catc-I gory belongs the series of’ fifteen. beautiful “Eleanor Cromes which

Edward I caused to be set up. whereever the bow of his Q1189“

rested for the night on its way‘ from Lincoinshire to Westminister) , In the northern chuichyards are‘ sometimes found “Pal.m' crosses.

which do not seem to be memor-| ials for the dead and may have; had a part in forgotten religious

ceremonies. Preaching on pulp“

crosses seem to have been Quite un-

known ln the North. _

All cross heads with crulcilixes

were broken after the R.eiormat.iotl.

indeed in the south of England

some were destroyed as early “S

1531. The shafts were usually spar-

ed by the mob. and WE“? finer‘; wards surmounted with a ball an obelisk or a sundial in place of the symbol of Christianity. The lower elements of English society had got. out of hand (just as they dad in Spain in our day) and what they did not mutilate they insui.- ed: it is on record that in 1549 a young man nailed up a dead can on the market cross of St. Ives. Huntingdon. Seventeenth arid eighteenth century market CF05‘ ses" in the Nor‘.~h.were usually in the form of classic columns. but man was in places a reaction to- wards the original form. and the

the know. At least two pairs of- Great Horned Owls. for which to the shame of the Game Commis- sion, a bounty is offered in Penn- sylvania. live in peace at the Sanc- tuary..

Mr. and Mrs. Broun will beback in Hawk Mountain next Septem- but they cannot - there

I’!

t the year. Yet the year round Bawt Mountain sanctuary odors unities for the study rics of birds and main- mals, of-ecolozy. botany, forestry and geology. Its wild creatures should be protected at all times from human and trappers. This could be done at a small expense. Ihsssnctiiaryislikeade t- fui club: many are the frien igs that have been formed on the O - salvation Rock. An iricreaaedmem- bershlp. a few generous donations from those who are able to give llrfcely; and Hawk" Mountain'Banc- tuary uid give continuously to the pub c that effective service which it now offers for only three truths of. the year. Memibership in Hawk Mountain sanctuary is a reciprocal benefit. I hope that conservationists will take advant- age of the opportunity offered. Membership dues and donations should be sent to: Dr. Earl L. Poole. Treasurer, Reading Public Museum. Reading. Pennsylvania.

Pct Squirrel

BARY. kid. — A member of the Joseph Glody's family every fair- weather day books a leash onto their pet squirrel and takes it for

walk. Gicdy captured the creature last fall during hunting trip. observing a hawk c g something in its mouth. he shot at it, scaring it into dropping its burden Olody found its prey was two baby squirrels. one if them was killed in the (all. He took the other home. when Mrs. Glody fed it‘ th an eye dropper. Now it eats al’im.e apples, and drinks from a

Tm-—7~-*

A LAlle:'rur csor

llnro a tugs cropiof uoamiy nyoroqupapa this year by faadlns

. soul Fox rm

Iasulu aarlll ‘format noun allowa Iiiujibono ouumi with I 'uoI_'nosI.’rstf_oulatbo nose coal- uy.qayhu_qwufo1.ueoranchctI _guuo_basHuoadhIcrroII|a

.Induonloni.-

Afiyoultlhics lodhyorwrlil

. . dinoflo

its ‘st. Johns iillllns

Ryton Cross built in 1795 is a very

graceful examl>1e- Some of my ancestors lie almost within its shadow

since" the Great War. they tell me, a number of wayside crosses have been set up as war memorials. some are of good design. but too many appear to be what an archi- tech calls "pattern-book crudities .

Nature Notes .

Gunny, who was a resident of Tile Lodge Farm at Charms. Ens- hmd, has just died, one week after celebrating her twenty-fifth birth- day. She was a black cat. and W85 barn in May, 1914. Her former owner retired from the farm eight years ago. but Granny refused to leave the scene of her childhood. She was su posed to be the oldest 531; 1;; mg and. An encyclopaedia states that the averarse We °‘ 5 mg is ten years. _but I have known of several that lived over eighteen

ears. A neighbor tells me of a horse. still living, that has topped thirty- (lvg years, but he has still 507719 way to go before he _'a.ttains“the mature age of ‘Clover and Old Bill." Clover belonged to a clergy- man in Pennsylvania, and was con- sidered the oldest horse in the unmad states; he died at the age of fifty-five. In 1925 "an itemnin the daily press told of Old Bill. B horse in Harmony Township. NJ.- who was 57 and still working. He. was a strawberry roan and accord-- lng to authentic records was born‘ in 1868. Up to 1925 he had only lost one day's work through sick- ness. and his then owner believed he would be good for another years work at least. Old B ll had his own ideas about toil, be eved in going mead and getting somewhere. so he would not work on‘ the tread- mill or "horse-power.‘ Longevity in man or animals is. 85 ‘B1’ 35 I have’ obseérivtgd a hereditary trait, ii e eoun . When I go down for the mall I generally stroll an yard or two to the “road bridge, properly a con- duit. There is a pool on the with side of it, and as 1 near it. D109‘ goes a frog and swims away. By his chocolate spots on a. green ground I note he is o Leonard Pros (the Rand hlleclnu of Kaim). which seems to be the commonest in this district. There are four other species on the Island. the rarest I think being the Pickerei or Marsh ‘Pros, startled b the splash a band of "Water sir! defl make for the shore in a. desperate hurry; but they quickly get OW‘? their scare. and resume their av- parentiy aimleu “skating over the brown water of the col. The color of the water is der ved from the dead a agnum moss through which it iows.‘and reminds one of a similar phenomenon often soon near the Scottish Border: in fact the historic river Rode owes its name to its red-brown color. crawling slowly over the-stones at bottom of the pool are snails lackish. pointed shells. which up and Jerk tbolfihu the ‘anus position: use are 0

"“l."~wi.i:"“‘ ‘ill? “arr

seemed not two far away; and be- ing rather cautious where varieties are concerned, I sent a plant or two to Ottawa to have expert: Olllnion on it. (I get along not too badly with species. but “variei:ies" and forms" demand -a specialist as a rule!) The answer came back: “Dear sir—Ycur identification of Luzula campestris. var. frigid: is quite correct. It is interesting to know that Clematis verginiana is flourishing by the side of your brook. Two years ago you very kindly sent mt some grape seeds which are now showing young vines adorning mv garden.. Yours sincerely E. W Hart."

Professor Hart is attached to the Dominion Botanical Division. and his were those delighftul “Botanical Notes" for the different months which appeared in a Guardian last year As our "new" plant has no popular name I have ventured to christen it the Black Woodrush, from the color of its

flowers. Always read the silver Fox Notes. even if you are not a. fox

man. I always do, and in theis- sue of June 24th I bame across a remarkable account of part.henoge- nesls in rabbits. That ponderous word means reproduction without the intervention of the male. and is well known to entomologist-5. since female aphids (and prdbably

young parthenogeneticaliy. and also viviparously. during the summer. As the young are all females, they too begin to bring forth in like manner in a few days, and thus increase enormously in 3 "chain- letter" style. With the approach of cool weather both sexes usually winged appear among the progeny. and the results of their union are the eggs which serve to carry the species over the winter. There are other interesting facts about these troublesome ‘green-flies." but that seems to be the most marvel- lous, Perhaps readers may recall that a few months ago I Rave on sketch of a futuristic romance ("The War of the Sexes") in which science had advanced to the point where all the inhabitants of England were (produced partlren- ogenetlcally. an of course were

i femaies—like the rabbit men- tioned in the fox notes. The men had dwindled till there were only 400. and a was breaking out. they were formed into a regiment; sent to the front. where all were killed excepting one poor fellow. Ige l1"i'B.d an awful time when he got

as .

I note with intorast preciaiion the plant inn uroted by the Minister of culture whereby farmers are to be aided in setting up as beekeepers, and hope that readers will take ad vantage of this generous offer. There is no hard work to beekeep- ing. but what is to be done must be done at the right time. I have just received the London Sunday Ex for June 4th. which has a fui -page illustrated article on the subject of bees. and it remarks that there are hardly any bees flying about in Britain now. "A big plague called the Isle of Wight disease wiped out nearly all the old bees of Britain about the time of the Great War. and the bees you see buzzing about in the country have been imported from Scandinavia. Austria and Italy,"

The writer of the article, who seems to be well-informed, says that from every hive the farmer gets on an average 40 lbs. of honey a year In Canada. I am told. the average is much higher than that.

NOTES ON ISLAND PLANTS The Ruiunculaceu

The Buttercup Family. though extensive, has next to no useful members. while most are aorid and some are actually poisonous. Many are very showy and many more have been cultivated and qmp-raved by hcrticulturists as ornamentals for the flower [or- den. The typical genus Ramrnculus is alterna lvely known as the Buttercup or the Crowfoot: the

and ap-

.'." .°’.l'""‘!.""'...'.‘.‘i.‘ .::’*".:°’*‘..‘.i ear -3 ape . or

yellow flowers. and of no special m

poriance. V Next from -Maoawains list. comes the Yellow Water Crowiootrn.

have been incorrect in some other oasu. oerhaca they or this. Botanista will do to look for

I an. n ° mcoluosonthe

agar-in

‘ , Id movements ara_.u fss.t“u‘:Ibmo the Phys: an

Buttercup with two kinds. of star 0!’

growing in mice in the mud of drdnl

some other insects) reproduce their we

in mdrsnchbuttheoid

del inlf ll . Neither of. the DMl- ~ entfiay aflualnuals" live its unit. as north of Maine. but as tho! ,

Q in wail. ._ a yellow V“ ,_ g _ _ 1 zone‘ in-moral.’-.’ d:,.g.r'.' Wurolouu. cum

.7 .

brokerage houses in Lon-

dcmnigland. have narrowed down to Mine, H 's Boy Company. C. M.’ an Compeny. and V . ck dz Kiever. A short time ago Analog and Cobb mud with as Emile Henry Kiwer an aim mat-

well at

turn was in. demand up to $22.50; silver fox sold fairly well in its various grades with a