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Sculptor David McFalI sits in his London studio beside his near- ly completed statue of Sir Wins- ton Churchill which drew howls of
protests from critics. The two-ton fright-foot-lIigh statue of the Brit- 13h statesman was paid for by the loyal folk of Woodford district
EDUCATIONAL HORIZONS
By Sister St. Mary Charles, Birehwood High School, Charlottetown
Discipline is the training ofdignity, reserve, enthusiasm, fair.
children to proper and orderly action, by making use of the everyday life situations of th e classroom to supplement instruc- tion. Hence a foundation princip- le of all school discipline is that every pupil be allowed the maxi- mum of liberty possible without infringing on the rights, inter- ests, or convenience of others — including the teacher. Chil- dren must be taught not only ,_ self - expression but likewise ., self .- control. School discipline does not de- pend wholly upon the teacher; there are two other important external factors — home train- ing and the public opinion of the :community. A knowledge of each -'lndividrua1 child's home environ- ment, parents' attitudes, the kind * and age of his companions, is in- dispensable to a good disciplina- rian. I The teacher‘s role is not just i that phase of a policeman’s -—-
" " to see that rules are kept and to
"ferret out and punish offenders.
It is a teacher's duty and privi— lege to help children develop favorable attitudes towards ideals In life; to strengthen, through
1 practice, such desirable traits as self - respect, respect for autho- rity and for the aged, loyalty, Industry, truthfulness, courtesy, kirdness and gentleness. toler-
‘ ance and self-control, etc. It is
' likewise his obligation to weaken in them the weeds of opposite un- desirable traits.
In general, a disciplinary pol- icy based on sympathy, kind- ness, understanding. impartiality and a spirit of good fellowship, seasoned. of course, with justice and firmness. and supplement-
r‘ * ed by the teacher’s own example, ’ ’is most conductive to accomplish
. this most important work of the
' r school.
THREE STAGES These general principles apply
to all ages. But we may distin- j‘ ' guish three periods in the educa-
tion of youth: (1) childhood, with instinct as a strong factor; (2) youthful maturity wit-h reasoning oowers developed and a discip- lined will, as one might expect to find in College students.
Between these two periods of dependency and of freedom is a second period of transition. which includes adolescents or High School pupils. In this period of adolescence the action of an edu- cator is of the highest signifi- cance. An adolescent is under- going critical change. His charac- ter changes rapidly; he is uncer- tain and irritable; he is likely to become capricious or obstinate; Ills ego is inflated and he makes
I Odd attempte-s to prove himself 'and display to the world his in- creasing virility.
An adolescent must be treated with great prudence. Authority must still be firm, but at the same time more tactful, m o r e reasonable. more informed with intolerance and kindness. At this critical stage we must neither break a will by hrucqucncss nor
encourage \i'illiulness by we a k
“Quiescencc, THE TEACHER
The neg-gr)" 'i'v if the teacher 1' a m .l' in dizcipline, " piritual qual- . 1‘ in the dis- as in the dis-
“ i' ‘fi'v
“12‘ L‘ch
ness, sincerity, sympathy, vita- lity. It might be well to add a saving sense of humour.
The teacher’s voice plays no small role in the problem of dis- cipline. A shrill, high - pitched tone reacts unfavorany on th e nerves of children. As a teach- er‘s voice gets louder, so does noise and disorder. Boys espec- ially are apt to take advantage of a weak, vacillating person- ality, revealed in a hesitant voice. NEED TRUST
Judgment and tact are all im- portant. A teacher must know when to speak, when to keep si- lent; when to overlook minor of- fenses and shortcomings, when not to; when to praise or blame, when to ignore. A teacher must always have faith and trust in his pupils. Distrust breeds dis- trust. Children with a sense of honour find it difficult to for— give a teacher for doubting their word or for making a false ac- cusation. Encourage truthful! ness by rewarding a frank and full acknowledgement of misde- meanors on the part of the of- fender.
A reputation for impartial jud- gment is an essential requisite of the teacher who governs wise- ly and well. Make few rules and do not indulge in much talking about infringements. If an emer- gency does occur, be prompt and resolute, but always calm and tolerant. ‘ PUNISHMENT .
There can be no government without some degree of punish- ment but the teachers’s aim should be to prevent, as far as possible, the necessity for pun- ishment. Punish-meats are either 1) natural, the direct consequence of an act. Ex. paying for a brok- en window, or 2) artificial or imposed — rep-rimand‘s, tasks, detention, deprivation of p11v1- lege, corporal punishment.
Recourse to punishment is just- ifiable only when all other means of correction (reasoning, per- suasion) have proved ineffectual. To be beneficial, punishment must lead the child to realize that his misdeed in moralb/ wrong. Authority must therefore punish out of love and sincere interest in the chiles welfare, aga wise parent does, never in anger nor irritation.
Praise and blame. judiciously applied, prove effective, particu- larly in the period of adolescence. 0f the two, praise is preferable: it will arouse enthusaism and fresh vigor. To insure its ef- ficacy, it must be given with tact opportuneness and precision. 1N PRIVATE
Correction in private will bring forth more response, than correc- tion in public. for an adolescent resents being humiliated before others. Reprimands should not be directed at the class in general, but at the individual or individ- uals for whom they are intend-
ed. Reprimands must be precise and specific and are more effec- ,tive when words of praise are spc-kcn to those .who behaved well. or even. if possible. to the censured pupil for matters in wh‘ch he gave satisfaction. Jus- tice demands a proportionality between offense and rebuke —
should never be penalised to get even with an illusii‘e culprit. It should be the aim of teach-
.. .. cHuRciiu STATUE DRAWS PROTEST
and certainty. that a whole class,
near London which Churchill re- prerems in Parliament. (AP Wire- photo via radio from London)
High School Discipline ,
that for adolescents it is a hard-
By NAT COLE Canadian Press Staff Writer VANCOUVER tCP‘ — Forty-
six years ago a pioneer surveyor stood on rugged Mission Moun- tain, 130 miles north of here.
On one side of the mountain he watched the Bridge River swirl down a valley to a rendez- vous with its mighty neighbor, the Fraser. On the other side. but lower than the river bed, were the calm waters of Seton Lake. The river and the lake were a short 21/2 miles apart.
Geoffrey Downton envisaged a tunnel through the mountain join- ing the two and providing energy for a giant hydroelectric project.
Exports For Oct. Higher
OTTAWA (C‘Pl—Canada made some spectacular gains in ex- ports of wheat, cattle and uran- ium during October but there were sharp losses in oil, nickel and iron ore.
Total exports to all countries increased to $445,000,000, up 12 per cent from $398,800,000 in 0c- tober last year, with the January- October 10—month total edging ahead to $3,992,600,000 from $3.- 968,700,000 a year ago. the bur- eau of statistics reported today.
October‘s exports of uranium more than doubled to $30,707,000 from $13,852,000 in October last year, swelling the J anuary-‘lcto- ber 10-month total to $215,098,000 from $94,959,000.
Cattle shipments, mainly to the United States, doubled in the month to $16,548,000 from $8,818.. 0‘0, boosting the 10~month total to $78,172,000 from $27,950,000.
Wheat also climbed to $40,241,- 000 ’ t-m $22,599,000 in the month and to $374,799,000 from $302,- 333,000 in the 10 months.
But newsprint, the top export item. slipped slightly to $59101,- 000 from $59,017,000 during Octo- ber, continuing a recent trend. The 10«mlontlh total was down to $569,940,000 from $605,400,000 last year. ‘
Oil exports dropped to $3,837,- 000 from $8.421,000 in October and to $64,637,000 from $125,642,- 000 in the 10 months while iron ore shipments were down to $15,- 838,000 from $20,807,000 in the
ening influence rather than a cor- month and to $95,006,000 from
rective on. NO RIDICULE
“The first duty of a school to- says Buxton, “is to make them happy." Make the school‘work so interesting and meaningful that pupils get The less you threaten, the less you scold, the
wards children”
absorbed in it.
better will be your school. Un-
less you wish to he hated. be-
ware of sarcasm or ridicule.
Let us be courteous and polite.
$138,904,000 in the January-Octo- ber period.
Debbie Files Divorce Suit
LOS ANGELES (APT — The marriage the entertainment world once deemed ideal officially hit
remembering that children are the 990315 Tlh‘WSd‘ay as Deume
sensitive human beings, more
Reynolds filed suit for divorce
easily won by kindness than by fmm Eddie Fisher.
3 display of authority. Lighten up
'Ilheir split made headlines last
your class with a pleasant count- September When the crooner be‘
enance. Make pupils feel
by Sam
squiring Elizabeth Taylor
your sympathetic interest and de- around New Y‘Ork- “Sher and
votedness that you like them
Miss Taylor have been frequent.
and want to help them — and companions since.
half the battle of discipline is
Miss Reynolds alleged extreme
won. We can control only those cruelty and asked Custody of the those we love and those who love couple’s two children.
us. This department is conducted cited no specific
Miss Reynolds’ brief complaint instances of
by the Prince Edward Island cruelty. It said there is substan- Teacher’s Federation. Contribu- tial community property of an tions are welcomed and should undetermined amount.
be sent to Estelle Bowness, Gen~ eral Secretary, lottetown.
She also asked for a fair share
Box 518, Char- or this property and reasonable
alimony.
Sees Concrete
Moves Needed
To Meet Communist Dumping
SAN FRANCllSCO (Reutersl— survival of the non-Communist State Secretary Dulle 5 said governments in the Far East."
Thursday concrete measures are
“Such recognition and the seat-
needed to meet Communist Clhi- ing of the Chinese Communists
nese “clumping” world trade.
practices in in the United Nations would so in-
crease their prestige and influ-
Dulles’ speech to the California ence in the Far East, and so dis-
Sta-te Chamber dwelt
of Commerce hearten the free nations, that the on broad principles of Communist subversive e f f or t 5
United States foreign policy and would almost surely succeed.”
concentnated on Pacific and Far
East issues. He made only pass- ing references to the Soviet threat to Berlin.
“Today, the Soviet rulers threaten West Berlin because they have been put on the defen- sive by the inspiring demonstra- tion there of what free men can do,” he said.
“Communist rulers have shown a formidable capacity to impose their rule. But if free men show the good fruits of freedom, the enslavers will always be on the defensive and will face the ulti- mate collepse of their system.” FORCE READY
He said it was United States policy to check the Communist use or threat of force by having retaliatory power and the will to me it.
if the United States were to grant p o 1 i t i c a l recognition to Communist China, “it would be a well-nigh mortal blow to the
THEFT BY HYPNOSIS
WINN’IVPEG (OP) — A female hypnotlst Friday was committed for trial after she was accused by a Winnipeg woman of domin- ating her mind by hypnosis and obtaining more than $3,000. Mag- istrate M. H. Garton ordered the committal of Elsa Westlake, 56 on a charge of theft of money by hypnosisabelleved to be the first case of its kind in Manitoba. The complainant is a 53-year-old Win~ nipeg housewife.
BLAST U.S.-IRAN PACT LONDON (Reutersl—The Coma
Will you be raking in
$l0.000... I5 gears
from now?
You can rake in this kind of harvest ten or fifteen years , from now. About $10 a week will bring a guaranteed mini- mum Ielum of $10,000 in 15
years. Talk it over soon with an lnvestors representa- tive ——- "your best friend financially.” Call or write:
13. F. Cameron
District Manager Summerside
.l. 6. Montgomery
Representatin Charlottetown
Today, his dream has become a dropped sharply.
reality.
In 1955, the British Columbia Electric C o m p a n y made its Bridge River No. 1 project the province‘s second largest power plant and the lower mainland's largest single source of electrical energy with a capacity of 248,000 horselpoweS
This week, the company an- nounced it has completed more than half of its $56.5(X),000 No. 2 project, which will boost the hydro output of bridge river to 600,000 horsepower.
It's taken a long time. to de- velop the potential that Geoffrey Downton recognized in 1912, al- though work on it began as early as 1924.
The first 12,000 - foot tunnel through Mission Mountain was driven by the DOE in 1927, but the company abandoned the pro- ject when the depression came
and the d em a n d for power 152% Great George Street
installed
l46-Year-Old Hydro Power
Dream Becomes Reality
A small generating plant was Bridge Riva and two tunnels in 1934 to serve
:mines. but llolllll‘lg t‘urthe‘ was
Bridge River Valley and nearby The Guardian. Charlottetown, Mon, Dec. 8, 1958 11
Idone unm 1945, when the BCE supplying the lower mainland and 2,000,000,000? u: [launched a huge postwar develop, Vancouver Island with more than ergy each year.
. hours of en.
ment program and listed Bridge River as its top priority project.
in 1948. Downton returned to IMlssion Mountain—this time to ‘push a button that sent the first l46,000 kilowatts along a 130-‘mile V transmission line to Vancouver. By 1960 two dams on the
the through Mission Mountain will be
Something special that you need? $ A NIAGARA loan can help indeed!
Phone 7306
NOTICE
The Regular Monthly Meeting r OF THE CHARLOTTETOWN
CITY COUNCIL
Will be held in the
Council Chambers, .
on
Monday December 8th,
At 7 RM.
*1—
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ers to govern without resorting;“Um:Sl Pally neW‘Spalper Pravda ‘__
to corporal punishment, Fear ofiSE“?l WWI" Rusjla cannot rej I.’ I n v e s t o r 3
pain may seem to be the only/imam llldiffcrcnt t o the oonolu- , m, 77,. ...:,_..a_.,...
check tovthe lawlessness oi" some 511311 (“l a mlhlary treaty by Than] , S y n d | c a t 8
children. as it is of some men. and III? UH‘N-ed States Which sub- - . . .. . v i o
Personally. I believe we (2m 9K" J94“? Rugs}? 8 southern DOI‘CIP'I'S.uwnlecmmsme. mum-"momma well without it andl"Lo immediate danger."
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(‘LLer- ham-1219 following quali- I ties as essential in the teacher; ceed quite
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