- NEWSY NOTES -

By AGBICOLA .-aunt's MONUMENT’ iii; 753?" '°“‘'"" ‘“‘n:.?;‘l:.’.‘..°°' “M

At the Junction of Grey st. and arranger st.. in Newcastle on Tyne, stands an Ionic column rising to , nsjgr-.t of 135 feet and surlnount.- ed by a. statue of that Earl Grey, who was Prime Minister of Bri- tain when the “Reform Bill" was

. Newcastle has always been intensely litlcal (in the best sense of e word) and when this important measure was enacted it soll_"lll. to honor the local states- man who had helped in its pass- age by electing his statue.

In the year 1430 the electorate had been fixed, as far as the counties were concerned, at those who possessed la. freehold worth at least no in modern money. For four hundred years no change had [axon place in this qualification; but that was only part the slory. The Kings of 1!:ngland—the Tudor.-l and Stuarts in particular —llzld treated numbers of borough seats, each returning one or more menlbers. and often with few, and in some cases with no voters. "BE‘lW’.‘l'ill the accession of Henry VIII and the death of Charles 11". says a nistorian. "one hundred and eighty iuch borou hs were creat- ed, nearly all of t em being small villages." These were the “rotten boroug‘l‘s" we read of; some were mtten lit first. others became so by the shifting away of the pop- ulrltioll. leaving a tithe of the elec- tors to return the members, while the towns had no representation at :11! There was no change in the law (which was fair in theory) but popular representation had been reduced‘ to a farce. some of the greet landowners could send at dozen members, from as man in- significant hamlets. to Wes'trnI‘;ister while new and growing cities like Manchester and Birlninghun, had 110118. -

Bad as this was. it was nothing to the corruption which had in» fested the bcdytgolitlc by the close of the euhteen century. It was possible for an outsider with no stoke ;n the district. to buy his way into Parliament by a payment of a heavy fee to the owner of the rotten ix/rough, who thereupon di- rected his tenants as to how they must ‘.'.'W. one of these boroughs. says Prof. Meiklejohn was only is ruined wall in a. gem. emAn's k. and another was “two or 0 fields and a, clump of trees"; 50 that it was necessary to t voters as well as to influence them

The lzrovring commercial impor ance of the towns induced the new middle class to challenge the of the land-owing semi- feudal classes. In this they were aided by the whole mess of the new working classes in the fac- torles and mines. It was a very disturbed. not to say revolution. 31')’. England that introduced the Reform Bill of 1832. “It would be difficult to describe and impossible the heat of public preceded the elections of 1331" says the historian. Th» coilntly believed that the Bill. from which they expected so much. hid been defeated in the late House by a trick. and it remained for tho people to show their sense of injury by re‘/.lmlng a. very different House.

As very few no votes, they were orced to not indirectly, that is.

y bribery in some instances. inti-

daiicn in others, open violence nmost.sndinallb.v1aheunspoken

eat. of red revolution. The elec- iions wt May 1831 were noteworthy or the defiant crowds who jostled their aristocratic orppornents at the hustlngs.

‘By Stplbmber of that year. the House. 8110“

the - 9- . ty of 136 it passed the "People's ill" which the last Parliament ad slain. Gre and 151011811111“ triumphed bill. there Lords --

1115 1&1‘.

Saturday. first mutteringa of the storm gan right away. The Funds fell at once. “In many towns the bells were Lulledv ‘lie shops were shill’- md the journals appeared with mourning borders. At Nottingham the mob rose lmdbumed the castle: they also fixed the mohison of an unpopular squire." The mob at Derby rttscked the jail and relax.- 'ed the isoners. At Darlinzwfl Loni Ta « ervlile just escaped with his life; Lard Ionclonderry was at- tacked and left for dead. In-Lora don itself the rubble in immense numb--.~l marched throng the West End breaking the windows and as- saui. the peers; and were only driven from Apsle House—the re- sidence of the Du of Wellington —bv the timely arrival of the Life Guards. The whole country from end to and, seemed in the grip of rebellion, with the result: that the v Peers who had provoked the cr izlletened to bei Lord Grey '0 etain office. 5 travelled slowly those days nnthing of the arrangement where _ an

0, . e"::‘|‘r'l:|'-.IrIl.tu qnlly. cheaply.

D . llnri . :;INA§oe4|“Elon: crmwfiu ' DIAI . Ag vi WOOL um”: n3"'r‘.lm4u °"Ne Ind

lamps Intel. .00;

-.._n

. the

W1‘ 1010!?-the:-a ca ht.

minded its busy“: mm” ’3‘.}'.°, how far the new Commons con. “1“’°d 9-‘ the Ollfibreali we can only eurmhgez but the fact that it play. ed in'.o their hands b lntunidat- "'8 ‘hf’ WW8. and e further knowledge that the ‘loops actually in Bristol‘. made no move to check the rlotens. shows. if not compile. RY. there was something not far remove.» from it. 'I'hirty houses were burnt in the principal Square 01 fine city; the nl.=ho;p's Palace W95 10006!-i. and set on fire" and so was the Mansion House, where the Mayor had his residence. Mos: certainly all of the city would have been given over to aesLl'uct.lon, if an outsider had not taken com- mand cf the troops (without auth- Orltl’ for the act!) and dispersed the riotus. However, this disor- der wakened the Government to the danger of playing with fire. Sterner measures were adopted flaainst disturbers of the peace, and when in the summer of 1832. the Lord's passed the long-sought Re- fofm 13411. B. general julbillitlon over- name llle last vestiges of revolil- tionary action.

such was the price that England. id for me cle-ansirlg of her pol. tioal system. and the important thing to keep one‘s eye on, is that not.-hing less would have been ef- fective under the circulnstances. It might have been worse. for forty veers before that. the French mile had remedied their ill.» by a olution which involved the feu- dal I'l.ll.iI1K classes in a. common N111: and in our own time we have seen Russia. undergo the some ter- rible oxlperlenoe. But in England the praveinblal slownus, (which real- y keeps step with commonsense), us within reasonable bounds alf r we had won our point; and no such dlsaste bcfell our national life. Wherefore we in the North erected a. pillar and statue to the statesman who had guided us throwih it all.

ON THE ROAD TO TBACADIE

By the kindness of a valued friend. Dr. W. L, Holman the writer was recently enabled to visit the district in which Tracadle is situated. The mod round the shore towards Dalvs permits a view of the ‘dark—ro1ing brine’ of the (341111. but the writer was too busy looking landward to be im- pressed by its beauty. For all along the way were wild pla.nt.'», some of which I'd never before seen. and others which were al- most stmnsera. so long ago was it since I last saw them. There were immense beds of the Black crow- berry, Empetnun nigrlun. growing ogimiilie sandy ‘bar.rens' as they are

._.

r or misleadingly called; and side by side wl it, the Purple Growb , which Gray calls E. ni-

01'?!’ gm. plan a minor controversy over this lot- does not trouble to give it 1!. name, but merely remarks that there is aredformofcrowberry in the c. This would indicate that he had never seen tile plant when the fruit was ripe, since ‘it is red only when immature. Our Ameri- can cousins have now E31166 give it the staztus of a spficles 1111- der the name FknlIe'-1"1l-- M-|‘0lIlI|'- pureum. is ustified, in my aplmon: the Purpe Crovwberry is a. taller plant. and the twigs lvgave B noticeably so-urfy bulk, in the bunk gpmies has not. when the two are net Side by side. as at '1mcad_e. their difference is readily seen. In the bottom of a. dried-up d. I got my first glimpse 91 vulgru-ls, popularly Mares Tall." Just w‘-‘hw Linnaeus called it so, I cannot make Wt. 511108 "- 1'9’ upendage not 5,} Brush" and artistic verisirnilitude! with simple entire leaves in whorls. and minutes flowers sessile in the mills. in summer. says Gray: and we'll let it 30 85 t-hail There is a field by the roadside whereorn the wild thyme crows. and some of it has white filorwers. instead of the regulation purple ones. This is Thyrmus Berpyllum. which seems to tax: possession wherever it gets a. footinlz. Owln: to its stroriq-simellinsv oil it can- not be good for struck. Ind may come under the heading of a noxi- ous weed by and W9- At Traoaldie my attention was called to u stviirdy mtl-e Dlant of the Liiiy llbmily, with leaves re- sembling the lily-of-the-valley. and surmounted by a brllnch of en berries, each with six black stripes dawn me 51¢»-._ 7?--t. in the mark 01 me stve,-_nWre-r-art, Wale’ Sola- mon-, B-:mL Smllacinl: Stellfiini later the berries may V*3}'V f1‘°m dull ruby red to almost back‘; Thane is also 11 "Lily Pond at .p"c.,.;,-s,_ mwn 3 --._-rv .—sr£ensive and iving %;r.3.-.1-.'l-_-, I.» was mt. my mod fortune to see ilhem in bloom. since they close about midday. but the?’ njlugt be a d’1d»Tl’I’iIl'.“' .=’~h‘. and ore of which the owner must be 51151- ly proud added

my,‘ oelyr 11/yd‘ um, 1,yn1'ri"*$'0’1 that the

ote. Iilionool hasafririflenrf talrgtaobq-then

loam could the i in I l?."." .‘.'.f"§.‘?.‘ “ll... ‘.i‘.i' kn... “°a..a.$.-°f.“ 1..., out what m- maliciously named foetldssilnn. nee ruum In umioh it in not!) and the tall yel- nlblo In ean- low Ink,” 111. pggudgeonu, of L ..‘:‘.'.""..'.‘..2.i.: -o hue: and '1€.2° with ya‘ rum shortly ‘to form Tfgws G121 WV; ‘cod Pl! vlx. owner 0 h.“ cum f0w_ It IOICI lee: Iris. I ml? '53. 3 ~ r sail-ul. er, an odor vthl some com- I "°"' "“ pare that of roast. beef. thouoh '.:.:-:::.".:::~:.:: «mm -. we so wmvum-lair.’ ,, ,,,,,..., n. "One mans meat mans ""“""' ’ ole eV'a'we kml'n'pel-t¢gi.°ly gag: S 0 P E X, my such an elusive, “angible, es-

? eonieoffhenmimlethonieant urecadielnvonzok garden: on which the owners must have ex-

to bird and these he has arrogated

iii 11

e.:;’"',W "pf. V till-i‘ will

NATURAL RESOURCES MAEEHFIELD.

I CONSERVATION I

A WEEKLY C0I4Ul\m OF PRACTICAL OPINIONS OF THE VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSES OF

1 ‘rm: CHARLOTTETCWN GUARDIAN

.-yr

i.lmummn

BY MR. LUDIDW JENKINS.

STOP! LOOKS! LISTEN! ! !

(By Mrs. Edward Buck Emergency Conservation )

"rho natural tendency of civili- zation is to destroy the products and ciioicest handiwork of nat.ur_e. Civilized man exlerminatrs when: species of ’)'u‘ds, beasts and fishes as no savages have dreamed of do- tng . . .'1‘he ruthless destruction of the past must. not be permitted to continue —— it is wasteful. wicked and suicidal. Hereafter in the United States and its Territorial possess- ions, not one tree should be cut down. not one bird, mammal or fish should be killed, without a reason so good that it fully justifies the act."

'l'.‘his grave message. of the late William T. HCTIIB’ _ dean of coll- servaticnists, was uT.1:ll‘2SSEd in our country through that great union of youth, the Boy scouts of America. fore t.‘na.n il decade ago. Over eighty years before these solemn words were spoken, Henry William Her- bert, grandson of Lord Carnsrvorn. writing under the nom de plume “Fmnk F0-l'estel"' of his varied ex- periences in ‘shooting for sport t.h1-onghout the world, warned of the depletion of game in the United States “where every male inhabi- tant, with rare ex-ceptioris. 15 3 111111‘ ter ready with the .1111 81111051 115' yond example.’ Fci'.s‘t/er Bltt-rlbllted iridisrriminate shooting to a lack of knorwiedgle of the habits of game saying that "the rarest and choicest are slaugiitercd inootrisiderately, not wanton-ly. at such times and in such ma.n-nets, as are rapidly caus- ing them to disappear and become extinct."

"on Long Island," wrote Forester in the Democratic Review, 1845-46. “the most evident example of a dim- inlshing species is that noble bird, the h£8.l’.h hen or pinmated grouse. where, within the memory Of 031‘ elder sportsmen they might >2 taken in abundance at the proper season, but where not a solitary bird has been seen for years.’

Today We KNOW WW5 We hefim henisnottobeseeninany of its former range and that th the g of 3. single cock in Martha's Vineyard several y€al‘s 320. 11119 species has become extinct. Yet our stupidity remains and we continue to melign, harass and exploit eVe’1'Y phase of sentient nature. to cut 01111‘ trees and pollute our streams with prodigal waste.

"VER.MI'N” AND “GAME"

min". The sportsman seeks a pretext for killing every creature that offers a. target for his gun. If killing it

that it is "game". the sportsman stdgmatizes it as "vermin." Be as- serts tlia/i, it should be killed because it eats fish or, occasionally. a gang

himself. These he wishes to kill himself. Frequently the protected species. or “game”, is of less value to man's economic welfare than the so-called “vermin" which is

fioed for “game" maintenance. To the trapper, the terms fur- beaner and "vermin" are used in- terchangeably. He believes, erron- eously, that most fur-bearing ani- mals are a menace to farm and garden and, therefore, may be clas-

similar conditions. The soil in his rock garden had to be hauled sev- eral miles as well! He mixed black muck, snhdl. clay, and '.ferr'tii.L'.':r, (to which I would have added a little burnlt, bone.) Now these ma- terials. exoept the brick clay per- haps, are easily come at in our dis- trict; the “black muck" could be got from the dried pools 1 saw by the roadside. The mixture should be drumrped in irregular heaps. and the stones arranged on the heat“. as artistically as possible, forming "pockets" into which more soil is packed. The stones should carry any rainfall into ire pockets. and mi. ymd.3;1ying h-zap will give per- fect dranags. an im'D?1‘l5'11t thing for wintering moat “:ll_nine" plants. A small portion complete-:i each year, will not overwziijlc thc€3~1”d€1l' er, and will be sornelnln-2 to so at every spring. Willi-2 V0111 l3"3l‘€T1‘ nuls are slcwly imre-asing, try_ a few low-growing annuals. to SW3

"bed" of white Castalia

. A red vatietv has ( yggr of any "N7 . an ‘ us: the I;‘.D1'lM‘d me.

tropical fiiIOI‘CJll\

wtive Iris

immfdiate shoals of bloom. One of the most, =at’sfving is Sanvitsllln rccumbsn? which has light grezii caves. with E slightly yellow 5‘.-sen. and yellow flaw-rrs with blackish disc-florets.

E-ome of the rc-~k—'_'ar\1erls were on i.‘.~.-2 slr.')‘m si... r_f the drlmes In such situations it is r/ossibl-e to build u-p the rocks in s succession of {.5n~a-mes, above. and placing the stories, more or less like a retain- ing wall to border the work. and to avoid the general fl_a‘i-ness some- times a-ppareni. in $111011 8laT‘d£-‘nS- when the perennials begin to fill 9,»-Q 'po:k.5r'.S half the cragglness will djsayup-.ar: wh-arses if the stone- work is flat. at first, in time it will be entirely covered. and the rock garden will resemble an ord- [nary flower bedl

"Canadian Nature.‘

"Ilhis is the title of It new "bi- monthly magazine devoted to na- ture and its conservation." Bi- mcvnthlv in this instance means evlm two months and N0. 1. V01- ume 1. just to hand. covers Sept- Oct.. 1939. Its content: are pecu- liarlv suited to th-:-so wiho w'sh to in-silicate the love of Nature 31110718 our yoliniz folio. hv nrwtlcal meth- ods. and school mvuaeurms, aquilrlllmil. elm-eel for hearing but- terflies and insects. are d-escri-bsfl and 1l!u.~mi-d. 'I'\‘.i.=1'-:- is a full one Ill1l*l.l‘i1H(.'-\ of six of our com- mon axle", and four colored plates of game bi‘v'is: ihe lat ..r being ex- mmglu we? done. How to imam b'ue-minty of Canadian plants will

very intrisruirzr to the yolmg olk. l.!‘lfI t-.°a*l‘i tlbrm mctelin of nrranwtmerlt too. '1‘-.-aches will do well to look over this rmnsirie. which is evidenff v dealmlfid to give them matter for nature talks. without. being too tedlnical.

camwt be justified on the 8‘1‘01md ‘

sad as “verm.in." Tlierc is constant -conrteniixm between sportsman and trapper for the exploitation of cer- tain animals such as four. raccourl and opossum. The former wants to kill them with dog and gun. the titer, with traps. Between the two groups all forms of wildlife have be- come objects of savage pursuit either during prescribed seasons or, without, limit, at all times. The depletion of all species of by hunting and over-trsp- ping has removed one of nature's surest checks on rodents and nox- ious lnsecis and their larvae. It is evident that in the a.bsi:'r.c-9 of this natural re:-traint on destructive life forces man must, hlrnself, approxi- mate the control of bugs. beetles. and rodents. ’I‘-his he does by the use of poison sprays and poison baits but he l‘.l'.‘V€l' yet has competed suc- cessfully with the allies nature has provided for this purpose. Economic loss to the farmer from insects. alone, has been estimated by the Government to be TI-IREE BILLION dollars annually. In 1937 the Bureau of Entomology, Dept. of Agriculture, treated 20,502,000 acres with poison bait, for the infec- tion of grassllcrppers. alone. In 1938 the area treated was increased to nearly 30.000.000 acres. This re- quired 170,000 tons of poison at a cost of narly

INVITATION TO DISASTER

Wildlife has been decreed the courts of the land to belong all the people. It belongs to the man who benefits from it living as ‘well as to the man who benefits from it " DEAD. It becomes the right of every citizen to object. through legislative channels to trapping for profit and shooting for sport, legi- timate as these pursuits may be, if they are carried to ur_-yise extremes whereby vast numbers of human beings are indirectly. though none the less adversely, affected.

SKUNK

A knowledge of the food habits of mamy of the fur-beating animals must convince any geamrmble per- son that their value lies loss in the production of fur which diverts a. hundred and fifty million dollars annually into the comparatively narrow ch»a'n.nel of the fur trade, for a. commodity nine-tenths of which is not needed for protection. than it lies in their b_enef1cia.l d.i of farm, garden alrid 0l‘C1‘l'BXTI pests. Dividing mamlrnals and birds info W0 0165565. "v'e-mii.n" and "game", and allottiniz them to trapper and hunter is marking the farmer's al- lies for quick annihilation and put- ting the source of fur behind his fenogffilt spells disaster. (To be con. u

NATURE WASTING No argument. for tlhe preserva- tion of wildlife can be convincing, and no program for its nestovl-artion can be complete 8.'Z1d effective with- out a change in tragvfng methods. The steel-trap commonly used for commercial tranpiiig, destmyis thousands of fur-bearers and ruins their pel-ts under the mom favor- able cimunistarlces of its use. An alnlrnal caught between the strong jaws of a steel-i-rap suffers from the time its leg is broken by the impact of the trap until it dies of starvation, thirst exhaustion. gang- rene. is eaten by another animal or gnaws its own foot off and escapes. Fifty per cent of muskraizs caught in this manlner perform the amputa- tion within 11 few hours of capture and, if they live as cripples, will not breed again. Innumerable ani- mals not desired by the trapper fall victim to his traps and are sacri- ficed to naught. The story of the trap-lirle is replete with evidence of maimed dogs, dead song and game birds. useful hawks and ow‘s and even larger game, such as moose and deer which step into bear traps. Un- like the hunter of game animals who is subjected to limits and cer- tain given devices, the trapper has few nestrl-cilcns. Generally speaking he is privileged to capture eve-ry re- maining individual of a disappear- ing species with almost any instru- ment he chooses. In only seven states is it compu.ls0r_v to visit traps and remove the catch within 24 hours. Even in these seven it is well known that the law is observed more in the breach than in the observance. _Tlre ccnvinctlori of the trapper that all fur-bearing animals are his to do with as he pleases and 1-hut any obicctlcms in his use of them. ii"c.ugh it result. in eventual d'4"fl9l"T to the l'ur'cr0n. is rnemly malicious intirlcrerloe of his rights bv puling s.cu-tim.cnia1!sEs. has ltd him to orncse salutary legislation in this fl-:l.'i. 0 MUSKRAT The Flsdoral Government has warned main and again that “you can't. go on killlmz milliora of fur a.nim.a.l5 fcrcvver without eventually coming fao: to face with their ex- t-rlmi-nafiifm." Says the Biological Survey. "'I'hr.-<9 are natural herit- arres which r|'holl~id be mane-red for all the people instead of allowing political lrrrups and sclfisll interests to ‘exploit them." 'Ih-3 Survey ad- monish-zs the States fnr their inept administration of wildlife l‘E'=.OllT0?‘l. "Even nmomz stale Con-servation and Come Commissions." it lisssrts. "there are those who look upon fur anlmrvs as 'vermln" simply because some of them feed on species of name bii-ls that hunters desire to shoot for sport .. . admin‘.-itrators of wililife seem to forget they are (-mi‘/:dr‘anr:_ not owners. of our wild- life N-solur-rev