C THE GUARDIAN

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"Lev": Irina IIIIII Island Llka II: Dav” Editor. Prank Walker General Muuur. tan A. Btu-net!

Ii. :uii u...i.cii II summers-dc. Montague and Albencn. Auinii .Li:d us second Class Ilail by Liu Poll Oilfoo Department. Ottawa.

5: win-.ei. Chartiiueuiwn. sumlnernos Iliziou per Innum. I;i. -Mien in P I-2.1. I100. other Provinces and u.s Iu.ui Plr Innutn

"'l'lic:trongeIi memory is weaker than the weakest ink."

WEDN 1-zsifavfa any '29.-1955

School Closing

So far as an lTTlDOl'i'cllll section of our population is concerned, school closing is the big event of the year, and the prelimin- ary hurdles, in the way of examinations, serve but to whet the enthusiasm of the younger fry for the carefree days ahead. They are not so carefree for harassed parents, but who would have it otherwise? Youth comes only once, and perhaps the saddest spectacle in life is a man orwvoman who has had no real youth, no period of blissful irresponsibility to look back upon But schooling is far from being the whole of education. Hours of idleness can be fruitful too. Sports and camp activities. and all that goes with outdoor enjoyment under a summer sun. contribute more than health and happiness to a growing child. They develop initiative and intellectual curiosity, sportsmanship and experience in communal activities of many kinds, which are by no means lacking in educational value because they take the name of games.

Nowhere in Canada are there better fa- cilities for vacationing than in Prince Ed- ward Island, and this applies to school children as well as to our summer visitors. It is to be hoped that during the coming '4 weeks and months, safety precautions in ' water sports and other outdoor activities will be kept in mind. A recent tragic drown- ing accident emphasizes the need for pro- hibiting children swimming in dangerous areas. We have an abundance of safe beaches, and the holiday season will be a happier one for all concerned if they are utilized exchisively. I

Refugees

'H'lO Division of Inter-Church aid and Service to Refugees is I social agency of the World Council of Churches. As its I name implies I is concerned mainly with the resettlement of European refugees; this, of course, i quite apart from similar work carried on by various governments. Dr. Edgar Chandler, the Divisions execu- tive director, recently made a report in which he stated that he is confident that the reiisief resettlement, which has been lagging for some time, will be stepped up during the coming year. In 1954, 9,525 refugees were given new homes by the World Council agency.

0!! the whole programme of refugee resettlement-including direct placements by governments-Dr. Chandler reported that Canada came first among the 40 na- tions participating by accepting 9,589 per- sons. Australia came second with 2,298, Brazil third with 1258, and the United States fourth with 1229. This is one branch of world service, at any rate, in which this country is playing I leading role.

"Meanwhile", Dr. Chandler said, "those less fortunate refugees remaining in camps awaiting emigration or resettlement, not knowing what the future holds, are the con- stant responsibility of the Service to Ref- ugees. It is for these people that the spir- itual care which I church organization can supply is especially important. Last. year about 400 'hard core' cases were placed in church institutions in Belgium, Italy, Sweden. Great Britain, the Nether- lands, and France".

A special problem for agencies dedicat- ed to this work, according to Dr. Chandler, is presented by the 41.000 "unrecognized" refugees from East Germany now living in Berlin. A special six-man team has been set up by the Inter-Governmental Commit,- tee on European Migration to visit these refugees, determine their needs and the possibilities for their resettlement. The team includes two representatives of the World Council, two Roman Catholic of- ficials, and two German Evangelical Church leaders.

Man Made Diamonds

Fantastic scientific tools that quickly simulate Nature's age-long processes now bring marvels in transmutations that an- cient slchemists groped for but "W97 achieved. Working with man-made tem- peraturcs and pressures equal to those 240 miles deep in the'earth. General Electric research scientists have created a diamond. the hardest gem, prized for its beauty and industrial uses. But scientists caution against fanciful expectations of a diamond (of every finger and pot of gold for every Laboratory production costs are

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made diamond chiefly as a landmark in man's search for knowledge in the field of super-pressure and high-temperature re- search. Performing tests on carbon, the main ingredient of plentiful coal and the sole constituent of diamonds, experiment- ers claimed success in 1893 and 1906 in manufacturing miscroscopic diamonds.

In trying to create other gems, labora- tories sought in a few months to mimic forces of Nature extending over millions of years. Miniature rubies were produced in 1837 by treatments of alum and chrom- ium.- Some ten years later a fusing of alumina in boric acid brought claims of a lwhite sapphire. fIn pre-World War II

Germany, synthetic emeralds were made,

in a complicated and expensive process.

Color holds a big part in the popularity of gems men mine or try to make. Green. red and blue-hued stones always strike popular fancy. Yellow appeals less. glittering diamond, symbol of youthful love and an expression of affluence, is univers- ally dcsircd. So also are the sapphire and ruby. .

sembling volcano craters) and stream and beach gravel are diamonds' hiding places. For centuries India was a chief source, fol- lowed by Brazil. Now Africa yields 95 per cent of the world's supply.

Arkansas has pipe formations resemb- ling those of South Africa and actually lmined diamonds for a time. Tourists may now pay I small fee and search through the diggings to their heart's content, keep- ing any diamond they find. The site is near Murfreesboro in Pike County.

Diamonds are extracted from the earth only with great difficulty. Even in the great De Beers mines at Kimberley. South Africa, tons of rock are dug from depths, crushed and sorted for one small gem. Generally, one in 35 million parts of ore is diamond. But great finds occasionally occur. The world's largest diamond, the Culiinan, weighing 3,106 carats (about 1 1f3rd pounds) came from the Premier Mine of South Africa in 1905. Fragment of a bigger stone, the Cullinan sold for about 150.000 pounds.

Of unexcelled purity, the Jonker dia- mond, weighing 726 carats, was found in 1934 and cut into 12 flawless stones. The great Orloff diamond is believed to have been stolen from an idol's eye in a Hindu temple.

EDITORIAL NOTES i

Another war may or may not be in the

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Medically Speaking

Several Will

do this: Give you child I table- spoon of mustard mixed in I Ell” of warm water. or two tablespoon of salt in I glass of warm water. or a glass of soapy water.

Much easier and qtllcke. how- ever. il the 311111310 PN03d'1" M sticking your finger down ill! throat.

Place your tot face down on

By Heath

Britainls House of Lords. the oldest parliamentary chamber in the world, is once again to give consideration to reforming its or- ganization and procedure. No sweeping changes are suggested for the noble assembly which is being asked by the government merely to set up I committee to investigate the feasibility of re- during the membership of the House. The potential membership now stands at almost nine hun- dred while the average attend- ance is generally something less than a hundred. Three members constitute a quorum. It is to this great discrepancy between the large number of peers entitled to attend and the small number who actually do so. that the Lords' committee will address itself. The composition of this centur- ies-old upper house reflects its tradition and its functions. The twenty-four bishops and the two as hbishops constitute the Lords Spiritual and indicate the close connection between church and state in Britain. Since the House of Lords is a court of Zllisiice as well as a legislative body it is

calendar of future events. But it is well to keep in mind, though not to dwell on it, that as a plain fact of history everyl armament race, prior to the one now in motion, ended in conflict.

0 0

Among those recently honoured by al college in California for "outstanding ser- vice to religion” were an educator, a business man, a bus driver, and an Eskimo from Alaska. Certainly no one could deny, the democrat.ic complexion of the selec-l tion.

Members of the Montague Junior Board of Trade are to be commended for their initiative in erecting an attractive road- side lunch-table, with proper accessories,. at the foot of Bell's Hill, three miles from" Montague on the Charlottetown Highway. Fitting reminders are posted about 1000 ,feet away in both directions. Of such lit- ltle things is tourist goodwill built. Already. it is reported. the facilities are being usedl quite frequently.

It may be taken as evidence of the im-

the life of the community. that the appoint-

ment of a Provincial Racing and Sportsi ,'Commission has been deemed advisable.

lThe newl-Commission, headed by Judge

Darby, with the veteran athlete and Sports-3 man Mr. James Pendergast as secretary.l and Mr. Douglas MacLeod as a Commis- sion mcmbcr. will be responsible for pre- scribing the rules and conditions under lwhlffh all horse racing and other sports shall be conducted in the Province, and fix-

iing the license fees required.

0 I O

In the United Sttates. an insurance company reports, deaths on the highways numbered 35.000 in 1954, and injuries nearly -two million. Ninety-five per cent or more of the cars involved in fatal ac- cidents were in good condition. Usually they were travelling along straight, dry roads in clear weather. Almost all their drivers had had experience of at least a year and, incidentally, 91 per cent of them were men. Those under 25 caused more than a proportionate share of high- way accidents. Three in five deaths oc- curred mt night. As for pedestrians, 38 per cent of those killed were jay-walkers. This survey indicates that traffic accl- dents Ire caused mainly by' those who take risks. They result from oimdeseness

it isnd especially after suit. nialidvi. imiulkins Indill-indeed qscihunvswias-nolyoobisnufarlie

unlirippy union of 1801.

portant, field which sports now occupy in ed

Indncitloumlncspooisiiyonihopsi-t'”"

assured of legal talent at all times by the appointment of the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary- These nine men are appointed for life and. unlike other members. they are paid for their services as members of the house. When the House of Lords assumes its high responsibilities as a court of justice. these nine "Law Lords" and other peers with legal train- in: function on behalf of the whole house. 0 O I

There are two other special categories in the membership of the noble chambc. When Eng- land united with Scotland in 1707

land later with Ireland in 1301.

something had to be done with the Scottish and Jrlsh aristocracy. It was decided that they should send some of their number to represent them in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. The Scots were to chose 16 to serve for the life of a parliament. while the Irish net-rs sent 28 of their number. appointed to Wesl- minslcr for life. The Scots still hold their election of peers but the Irish peerage has almost dwindled away. I not-surprlvlnit

situation in the light of political

developments in Ireland since the

These special groups are not likely to be affccied hvpihe mild rcform movrmnni recently launch- hy the Eden government. If is the hercditarv group of oi-crs that provides the overwhelming proportion of membership in the llousc of rds To bccnmc a mt-mhpr one is either raised lo the nccrmze by the snverelizn or rcccivcs it hv inheritance. Hfhe nlricsi son of a poor is miiI-m""'.'- ally entitled in ii seat in the Whilst! of Lords upon the death of his father and ihls he holds for life.

On one matter the Lords have shown themselves adamant. They refuse to open their ranks to the fair sex. A noble lord may die with only a daughter as an heir. She will then assume the family title and the estate, but she may not take her place in the Upper House. Over the years there have been many attempts to change this situation but the Lords con- tinue to remain I masculine stronghold. -

O O 0

Among the many hundred dukes. earls. msrqulscs, and barons are some of the Rblesi men in Britain. Others are neither interested in or informed about political or public matters, and they do not even trouble lo 3) to sessions of Parliament. Yd their membership rights remain intact and. if I particular Inca- sure threatened their interests. they might come out in force to vote it down. Such ihlnu IIIVI happened in the past.

This is not the first attempt to ,reform Britain's tradition-Hell

Reform For The House of Lords

Macquarria

ancient part of the British politi- cal process. The difficulty is that to make it more efficient might also make it more powerful. Such a development few people want. least of all the House of Commons. So, perhaps, its weak- ness has contributed most to its continuing existence. and there is little likelihood that the House of Lords will emerge with any new grant of power.

The Age Old Story

And iimu didsi divide the sea before them. so that they wsnii through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecut- -nrs thou threweai into the deepl. as a stone info the mighty waters. Moreover ihpu leddest them in

the day by a cloudy pillar: and in the night by a pillar of fire. to give them light in the way where- in they should go.

There an several ways you can '

Pa3e4TlIcGIIinlia:L

NOTES BY

returning some of the that used to mark the prewar exhibitions - particularly the lack of nickel-grabbing from visiting children. Then there used to be at least one "wonder of the world" that was worth the rice of admis- soin. Today. the via for is plagued

ms WAY

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ofisn recomnuna. log I new not of subsidies. Th. Gordon Commission long baton completion of its work, win 1,. able to advise means of Iccelaut. 111! III?-iollll Prolrell and avoid. in: economic pitfalls. It will mg formulaic policy; but it win 3,. strange indeed if it does not eon. vsy to the Government itself .

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IN THE

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then stop in

and see for youngj the popular BROWNII i-iawK:v': FLASH ourr-'rrV

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Wi'illilD PEIRCEU i'::

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Quwiinor illlilliall Uri .--.illi

Yes, it costs only 4 unis to send a picture poiicnrd anywhere. so luop thorn pound - the folk: back home, wa mccnl They'll want i is know when you are and how ycu'iI cnioying your summer vacation brip.

So rsiolva right now in inks along plenty of writing materials and stamps. Then M can doubly onloy your trip by sharing if with others as it happens. To help you avoid annoying delays, hero on a few simple Iugguiions iofoliow while you're Iueplng iiioin potted bod: home:

I Write dearly and give coimm, coiiiiscr, address. Include postal Iona number on mail to Quebec. Montreal, Ottawa. Toronto. Winnipeg and Vancciivor.

3 PuiloiumAddvoIsOnAllMali-forvocoiioniviaii,ifiagood ldooiowdtoyourhciviooddmuoviiheicploiicomlvcf cimlopuovpcrosiu.

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your lap in q spanking P0ll”ll0:& 3' 9gl.'”R'”'i': ll':::'"o"f3 3 ':xumg;glo: warning against the path on which i Edd M3 1"” with your 3 than I market. - Sudbury Dally Senator cteru uready h" "l gmffdinadlld l1;l1(I:VLI'rul:lo::ut:: ml! st”. grazgner signals. - Toronto Tele- e ex - of his mouth and then down the m "1 3,”; 5 mm back as his tnmaymn vogmdgg; long; and 'i'..'.?.;e.-."' A 'i-eigm uE'ggr!-Inpgfl-R:-mt; leg)-I mu ant use Y0"? Set. 3' it in ith f l ti . . e m on Zibstiiuie I blunt spoon handle. ed. thing), 03:9 ”.f.'3;"”g;'.f.'g p:::t married Women in Japan are ex- when he begins to vomit, place the other momma composed of ertiiig I marked influence on vital his head at least eight to ten inch- 113 um Flu, um "boon. such social and political problems. we es lower than his hips. You can use long gum. 3,. bound go hgvg .3 men! strength was shown re- your left arm to support his fore- effect on railroad employment. -- Mil"? When organizations of house- head. If he begins chokinl. "115 St. Thomas Times-Journal. wives successfully campaigned to i will prevent. him from breathing Mimuy "hug. an "egg up check price rises of certain can- any of the vomited material into only at the risk of making a com- lumer goods and public utilities hlg lungg, plete nuisance of itself to civil- Inch 8! an and electricity. To. Your chm may "F Md I-cfch inns. if the shattering sonic bang day there an approximately 3).. but bring up mm. 1 mg, mp. gust go with greater velocities. 000 womens organizations in the pe1'1l:'gwe 513;: ';,”l',f,,”,,,;"'&,,: ri::"i:nii;i' oiiiel:nhi'tii1l:enmiiue'iii' iiigunatbizuiwnilil Emiiiigii m:m3:ii2iJ.': gy g to mgre mm V05," nun. ulaied areas, the "bang" is pro- Times Gazette. lie on warning: Don't make your youngstervomitifhehasIwal- yod lowed a hstrong corrfslvfy sub- stance uc as amnion I. I or Eashhilgrlsofig. Inhsluch (mag. voml: ETC. SIRTHRIGHT E m K 1 I-"'9 I 53013 Ellll In to ll. Boll, Matheson & Foster liord Rameses of Egpyt sighedm 3 mac WE 150 Richmond st. ecause I summer even 3 QUESTION AND ANS It mm A d iiiiimgi-i dn ried B 8' Why do I have weakness 135' oliilm obtinhnchli-dii 3'33: Gi'F;' ::"&&Eon n e a e c - - -- can ' I ' That summer fancy fell at last Ind Dllmbne" 1! my I'll V1195 I LL E To dust; and young Verona died Smoke? M. A. lfimner, Q.C., LLB. J. A. Gsrruthei-I, R.O. When beautyll hour was over- A b -m'1;:0 I 3981:2935” Bank of Commorco Bldg. LI Kent 81. mm an 1, num M55 2 e s y C” to blood vessel spasm which can Alugon M. Gum. Ll-kn. fyron J. Grant. 0.D. Theirs was the bitterness we know occur in persons who smoke eX- 1” Richmond St. Dial flfl 1” K3” 3- Dill Ill! " e 1310!-Id! of hlwihofll cessively. On the other hand. there ktell may be no relationship between A. Walthsn Gandet, LL.B. J' 8' T"yIo'! R'o' ' So short I state. and kisses go the weakness and numbness and Phillips Bldg. 111 Grafton BL c"''" K"" B 9”" 3”- To tlomba unfathomably deep. the smoking. A careful ' W100 9133: 30089 4750 Whie Rameses and Romeo it b h i i is cl i- Palm Ilgghm And ""19 Ariadne 9'W- zblig-I y you P y” n H H Bank of ieviivf Scoiia am u..i..'i; 3' Mhbom moi I I. -John Drinkwater. -T msronic NAMI mmmk P0030 I &HIROPRACTOR WELL asrsausnnn N'd10lS0lI Gagetown village in New Bruns- 175 GIIMI Sinai Dr. W. 3. Canon The first co- , ative consumei-s' wick, near a new Canadian army an Pflncg 34, pm ug society in Denmark was estab- training camp. was named after 3- An MM3Gl1lK11' "shed in 1566- Gen. Thomas Gaze. died 1781. Carrie mu. -om om. Queen si. ARCHITECT Chin. B. MGQIIIM, ILA. G. Keith Piokard, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION "' ”"'"'”"' st ”" "" s.........3'.'.i.ll.'.”'i”m"t"”l"'3i'.i MacPhco & Tninor iiticiown. by appointnuini SUMMER SCHOOl l" ""”' ” ”''' "" '5 . CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS Summer School classes for teachers as O , 3;” Mc”0NAL”mr0UR, "hEnmRc0- mum. D n I O O . s n ounced in circulars will commence at Hy R. DOANE 3, COMPANY Prince of Wales College on Monday. July 4th 1" 9"” G”''" 3i" c""""”""" . . Phoao I54! - IMO I. 0. Sex M! at l0:00 A.M. (Daylight Time.) ARTHUR J. GARRFZIT Palmer lnootric Building - Charlottetown IM Fitzroy Six-cci Dill (I11 Qhare HOW STARTLING

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