‘ history of the Biological Sta—

mm in St. Andrews. N.B., has om. Its appearance marks

the Station's fiftieth anniversary m 1953, The account tells about me more important researches carried out during the fifty years

station from its early days with ‘mly a small summer staff to its present size. There are 11on 34 lull-time scientists and some 30 “Mime technical. iclerical and administrative staff. and over 3

III

hundred seasonal. vessel. and part-time employees. m INFORMATION me Station works under the fisheries Research Board of Canada—«formerly the Biologi-

cal Board. It is directed to in- vestigate practical and economic phoblems connected with fish- eries and with the life in the waters. Investigation implies re- search. Most attention has. there- fore. been given to finding new information about fish and about winding and developing Canadian fisheries. Some of the results give background information but much can be applied directly. The Biological Station is part 04"; national institution. As such It sometimes does work to meet the needs of Canada as whole. For example, the Station has contributed greatly to naval de- fence needs for knowledge of

water conditions and to National requirements for research in the Eastern Arctic.

ll

ELLERSLIE Especially the Station serves the Maritime Provinces. At pre- sent. there is a permanent sub- station at Ellerslie. P.E.I. This substation engages two full-time scientists and their supporting staff of technicians and mainten— ance assistants and works in close co—operation with the Fish Culture Branch‘s Service in ap- hplying research results to oyster mum-lemme. "fil There is a statistical office in Ifinallfax. N .8. Year round branch offices and field headquarters are in five other places: Elgin and Chatham. N.B., and North

OTV

"Sydney, Lunenburg and Yar- mouth. N.S. Temporary field stations are set up as needed. AFLOAT

rM‘The-station's boats work in all aritimes

waters from Passa- maquoddy Bay to the Bay of Chaleur and beyond. However. the Administrative Headquarters for the work is at the Biological Station in St. Andrews, Charlotte

Publish Illustrated OI St. Andrews Biological Sin

1; also traces the growth of the"

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County. where researct i Centred for fifty years},1 has been

Durlng the early days of the Station famous scientists and their students found Md describ- ed the plants and animals living In the region. They also studied theeffects of the different forms of life on each other and how they adapt themselves to different water conditions. The general pattern of ocean currents was also defined.

EARLY WORK

There. were some very practic- al results from the early work. For examples: Basic work on handling fish products for mar- ket was carried out and demon- strated to the industry. Lobster hatcheries were shown to be in- effective and were closed. The costly creosotlng of pilinlg i.I'II Saint John Hanboutr for protect- Inn against marine borers was shown to be unnecessary. The way wasnopened for practical mmer cu nice on private 10 se . NEW RESOURCES a 5 'Later surveys also led to prac- tical results. When the clam fishery collapsed after its post- war peak, the causes were look- ed into. As a result a new hydrou- ltc dredge has been developed which promises to help assure clams in steady supply. A sur- vey for herring in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Nova Scotia open- ed the way for new fisheries in the southeastern Gulf and expan- ded fishing in the Yarmouth, area.

Scientific facts have been used in arranging for the wise use of fish resources. Wonkalble plans [for avoiding sale of poisonous or polluted shellfish have been found. The wastefulmesl of fish- ing small lobsters has been shown so clearly by scientific results that well disposed fisher- men support regulatiom against taking them.

A sound scheme to speed up the recovery of dliseaseoayalged oyster grounds was wonked out. Quite good forecasts of yield from the Bay of Fundy scallop grounds are now possible. The usefulness of keeping down saIw- bill ducks on salmon rivers to increase the output of smolts seems sure and is now being tested on a large Scale.

TROUT WAYS Ways of bringing rich brook

trout stocks of Prince Edward‘

Island within reach of anglers

have been found and are being tested. The Station does many

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a Janada’s research duties L1! the [international Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fish- eries. St. Andrews studies help— ed show thatt he wlhole yield from west Atlantic fishing grounds can be Increased by using the larg~ er mesh sizes in trawls which are now called for by internation al agreement.

As lobsters are marketed alive, special holding and shipping methods must be used. Research done at the Station shows the temperatures and other factors which lobsters from different water-s can stand. These results are Widely used by the industry to keep down handling losses. MECHANIZATION

In some cases, the Station’s

«knowledge of fish and of fisheries

in other countries has led to the of introduction of new and more different types of fishing gear to the Maritimes. Not all trials have been successful. However. the Station can claim credit for hastening the mechanization of Maritime fisheries. For example, it helped with the introduction of the longliner. the small dragger, Danish seining and more recent- ly, the Norwegian. Together, these have greatly changed the industry for the better.

'Ilhe full account of the Station’s his-bony can be obtained while the

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Christmas Spirit, Tears Conflict In Springhill

By DON HOYT Canadian Press Staff Writer SPRIIN‘GHILL, N.S. ICPI —

Tears form easily now in the

eyes of the women of Springhill.

Christmas is less than a week away. What Christmas there is will be for the children. The mothers and wives of 75 men brought up dead from the (fum- berland No. 2 mine two short months ago can find no joy in the holiday that is traditionally for the family to share.

Mrs. Harold Raper sat in the kitchen of the smart - looking home her husband built with hands hard from 41 years in the coal mines of England and Springhill.

“We always went to church on Christmas Eve," she said. “I’ll be going to church this year but Christmas? Well, I don't know.”

supply lasts by writing to the Board of Canada, Biological lS-tati-on, St. Andrews N.B.

She-has one, 13. still young enough to enjoy Christmas. Two

othci' children are married. “We‘LIGHTED CROSS

always had such an exception— ally fine Christmas. All our kids always joined our group and we had such a good time.

“I'm not going

-.... _...» ~m§~vpr —. h

l

to stay here.

Christmas Eve." Her eyes turned‘

towards the floor. She took off her glasses. Dark rings circled the eyes which last saw Harold Raper when he left for work the night of Oct. 23.

A few hours after the funeral, Britain's Prince Philip visited Mrs. Raper while on a tour of Springhill. But the consoling visit was only momentary. Now all the sentiment and love associated with Christmas are nearing an emotional crescendo for her and scores of other women in a town visited twice by mine disaster in two years.

“This is going to be a terrible Christmas.” Mrs. Raper said. “I just hope that after the holi-

..-n~._...... .. .w .H... . ..

ma? The “Mid”?! played whit Ml The Guardian, Charlottetown, Thurs... Dec. 18, 1958 15 all day and the evenings we had ..-.,.....-_... .;,_.__~_ to ourselves.

Some women can't talk about a Christmas without their hus- bands. Mrs. Charlie Burton is «me, Her husband was the first man to emerge alive from No. «It pit after a 1956 exposion killed 391 . . anl trapped 88. She knits andtgnr:_1§1‘§0‘:;m' days 1'11 be abi, to pull myself-Slal‘es at the floor. Her husbandl ‘ ’ °' L0g3[119r_” {died in No. 2 this year.

' There will be gifts for the chil-L

Mi-s. Fidele Allen is Negro. Her di‘en. Special contributions have husband was white. He rebuilt an l???“ 59111 by 0ther_I0WnS andl old company home overtooking ctties. Welfare organizations are} the now-closed Cumberland Rail- seeing to it that every child from} Way and C081 com.pany_ In a. grade one to six gets at least one window facing the pits whereygm- I ‘ men have worked and died forl Douglas Jew'kes ‘5 me 0‘ 1" three-quarters of a century at l lighted cross bears testimony tot ‘ ‘ tragedy. l

“He was a good man." Mrsl MR- Allen said. “He was one in 31 I million. People said our mar—Q Now is your chance to buy . riage wouldn‘t last six months; . but we made out in our owni “W”! smgh 3' ' way." Fidele Allen. whose bodyt was the last to be recovered1 from the collapsed No. 2 colliery, was buried seven days before} their 19th wedding anniversary.l They had four children.

Christmas to Mrs. Allen will be} a horror. “There's nothing left ofl Christmas now,” she said. “Wel always had such a good Christ—'

miracle miners saved from No. The decorations in town

2. His brother Bill didn't makefstorcs testify to that. A huge it. He had three sons and a‘Christmas tree covered with col~ daughter. One of Billie's boys istorcd lights stands like a lonely Jackie, three. He still looks to sentinel on the main street Within Santa Claus Ior a gift no onelsight of the mine.

“You come back. You hear no whistling of When's my Daddinhristmas carols. Only a few coming from the bump?" lwomen wear Christmas pins on

This is a town in mourninglthcir usually - black coats.

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