' (Cheers).

ASZARWS

’ marinas" aoiianan, see connection .r_<:iivsa'.i:isaa.

iismiisneii 1823.

Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Wednesday, January 24, 1855.

New beries. No. 208.

HISTORICAL QUHHARY on THE RUSSIAN viii.

raoit rrs coiiiraivcirirasr T0 _'l‘HE ritirssivr TIME.

VOTE 0!‘ THANKS '1'0—T_EE ABIIY AND NAVY spaitcir 01-‘ Loan Joiru RUSSELL-

The embarkation of the British troops took lace towards the end of.August. iii a despatqli o the 539th of that month, Lord Raglan mentions the uclnioivlcd ments that he thinks are due to the oliicers oftie British uavy—of whom] shall take notice hereafter, when I come to that part‘ of the vote of thanks for the assistaiice they had given in order to effect the einbarkation of so large a number of troops (Hear, hear). The expedition proceeded to the Crimea. There was some question with respect to the place of diseinbarkation. Lord Raglan himself preceded the fleet in a swift steamer, surveyed the coast, found that some points which had been tliouglit of for landing the troops were guarded by new rcdouhts and fortifications, and at lengtli fixed upon a place for discmharkiug the troops, to which he obtained the assent of llarshal St. Arnaud, the Coinmiinder of the French army (Hear, hear). This selection was so judicious, that the whole aruiy was disembarked without opposition: and that important operation was clfected safel and completely in the course of a short time (llear, hear). That, sir, was ti. worthy proof of the skill of Lord Raglan, and was calcula- ted to give great satisfaction to this country (Hear, hear). Having landed on the 14th, the army proceeded, and made a iuarch of considerable length on the 19th. On the 20th of that month they had to march a’ few miles further, and found the Russian army intrctiched upon the heights above the Alma. They attacked them; and, in the course of a few hours, made themselves masters

of those heights-the Russian army making no

- further attempt to occupy or retake that position

(Hear, hear). It was a position _well chosen; of great natural strength; and so strong, that, to the right of the Russians, the position was quite iinassailable, from the precipitous nature of _the round. It. is generally believed,_ that, Prince iienscltikotf, who there commanded, said it was a position at which the Allied army might be ke )l. at

'i.y for three \Vt:£‘.l'.°, and thereby prevented rom proceeding to the sage of Sebastopol; yet such was the brilliant valour of the English and French troops, that they carried the heights (Cheers). The Light Division of the British army_ were , received with volleys ol musketry and grape, which for a time thinned their ranks; but the brigades at I urge came up, and attacked the position with such force, vigour, and determination, that the Russians yielded the heights-——nevcr again to be recovered Sir, have already said that, with regard to the details of these actions. Lord Raglan himself has told them in the clearest language. I may mention, however, sortie circumstances relating tothe noble Lord himself. Marshal St. Arnaud carried at the same time the left of the Russian position (Cheers). The charge of the French was so impetuous and so vigomiis, that the Russians yielded the ground, and the French army was

_ e.;tal)l.ished on the heights that had been occupied

_"_" , easel‘ any danger he might incur in the J’ ‘,3, ‘ o_fi_t (Lheera). . . _._,g,vg__,_ _ t _ battle of the Alina who thin gained, the ” fifi? Lib? I time, while botbtlu militaryaad wma of the fleet were teeiqttitg ' . l,g$fl'!l‘.l& tlieititot an "arid bury- -lfitlfli 3, ' l. ibfli. ‘I _' ' - l‘ '_ .-4 -_.'-z - . I kipr ,t|lg£.i_U .. " ' ‘r ‘ .‘ .'-.-

I

rt‘ -’

" ' i h t lstic (Cheers). _f.m,ii,i3iil'fiii'i“ifeiiii5 tlireacnilide in which the great

“am

by the Russians (Cheers). On the British side rent masses of troops were collected. Lord Rag- :ui, seem the great force with which he had to contend, esired an officer of his staff to go to a height that he saw, aiidsee if there was any chance of planting a caution on that height (Hear, hear_). The officer, on rejoining hi said he tho. unit it was possible. Lord Raglan immediately dincted two guns to be taken to that height. The Russian artillery was so powerful and excessive, that most of the artillerymeu who accompanied those guns were killed in ascending the height, but the guns were placed, where Lord Raglan had desired. (Iflicers of his own stall‘ fired the first shots from those guns, and at first they were not, efl'ectiv'e.; but presently they got the range, and their shots‘ were so directed against the massesot the Russian army, that they made deep chasm: in that dense mass; and after a time the whole y beg‘:,ui,_to move, the columns were shaken, and the Russians com- menced their retreat (Cheers). Such was a proof, ‘as I conceive, of the efl'ect that can be produced by I General seem the point where the enemy may be attacked, an directing the attack as he did with

the coolness that belongs to him: “lid ‘he d°°l‘l°“ It was

forcefof the enemy might be successfully o posed; ntltl-when I speak of the coolness of Lord glaii, be rniittedto mention, that his

, ‘ that he exposed himself too much, ‘iat he ha gone too far in advance‘, that the iusuian tire was robot in that point that the life

of the commander ought not to bo risked, one of

them said to him, that he thought he was exposing himself too much. Lord , Rai.;laii's answer was, 5‘ Do not speak .to me, now; I am busy” (Cheers

-and l!lIglt!8I').' There is nothing of epigrammatic

wit—there is nothing, perhaps, of heroic sentiment in‘ these words: but t ey were.the words of an English getltlctnaii attentive to his duty, and‘ quite

. o

_ l ing the dead (Hear, hear.) After a time the English

and French army proceeded on their march. It was found that the crossed the next river, the Katscha, without ilficulty, the enemy having abandoned all defence of that river; but when they came to the Belbec, they found there certain works which the Russians had erected to prevent the dis- embarkation of military and stores by the Allied forces at that time (Hear, hear). Great consulta- tioii was necessary, and it was considered whether these works should be attacked, whether the army should proceed, as had been originally intended, to attack the north side of Sebastopol, or whether some other course should not be taken. It was de- cided that, instead of occupying themselves in re- ducing those forts, the army should at once, at all risks, march across the woods to the south of Sebas- topol, and endeavour to make themselves masters of Balaltlava. That march was accomplished on the 25th of September. It was conducted with great skill; the. army being exposed, of course, to the danger of a flank attack while they were per- forming it; but it was most successfully performed. They seem to have surprised the Russian comman- der; for the rear-guard of the Russian army was met on the road to Sebastopol. The" English and French army proceeded without diflicultry; they made themselves masters of Balaklava, and of the. coiintry betiveen that port and Sebastopol Ibe- lieve that operation was one showing great skill. But immediately after the operation, Lord Raglan had to lament that the officer with whom he had so co-operated, and with wliomhe had cousiilted both as to the original decision upon the undertaking of the expedition, gas to the -means of embarkation of the forces, and of disenibarkiug them, and as to the tight at Alma. was so reduced by illness, that he could no longer continue the command Hear). Marshal St. Aniaiid, with heroic spirit, ha deter- mined to persevere to the last in performing his duty to his Sovereign and to his country (Hear). He was determined, although in a few weeks or perha s in a few days, nothing but his dead bust shoul remain, that that bust should not be without its laurels (Cheers). In .a day or two expired an officer who had shown so much gallantry and heroism, with whom the army had every reason to be satisfied, and who would always be considered as a man who, to the last days of his life, had per- formed his duty (Cheers). I cannot omit here the words in which Marshal St Arnaud spoke of Lord Raglan at the battle of the Alma, because they are the words of the chief of the army of another nation, and while they show the generosity of the writer, they seem to bestow worthy praise on the character of Lord Raglan. e says :--“ The bravery of Lord Raglan rivals that of antiquity. In the midst of cannon and musket-shot he dis- played a calmness which never left him ” (Cheers) ‘he command of the French then fell into the hands of General Canrobert; and it is with great satisfaction I say that, ever since he has had the cominaud, Lord Raglan and General Caiirobert have acted together with a rivalry only as to who should best serve the comuioii cause—with no other rivalry, with no species of jealous —eoeli - admiring and upholding the character an the actions of the oth- er (Cheers). On the 28th of September the armies occupied the heights in the neighbourhood of Sebastopol. About ten days had elapsed when, after a full ex- amination of the ground, it was the impression of Sir John Burgoyne and other eminent officers (and I mention Sir John Burgoyne because he was the bestqualified to give an opinion on the subject)- the impression of Sir John Burgoyne was, that the task would be far more dillicult than had been stip- posed (Hear, hear). It had been iniagiued that the regular fortification of Sebastopol on the land side never having been protected, the -Allied army might have begun operations close to the town, and des- troyed those defences. They considered, that with such artiller as they had ready, the capture of the town mightbe very soon accomplished. Wlieii I look back to letters that were written at that time by various bfficers, and transmitted to us by our Ambassador at Constantinople, I find confident [ex ‘ tatious expressed that Sebastopol would soon .fal . But Sir John Burgoyne, upon examining the ground, found that the hills, as they extended towards Sebastopol, opened into wide ravines separated from each other, and that the troops that were placed iipou one part of the‘ hill could co-operate with the troops that were placed ii ii another Hear, hear). He therefore found that it. would very dithcult to carry on the approacheg in the way originally intended, and that it would be dangerous above all to leave any part of the lzliiglish force unsupported upon such ground as I have described (Hear, hear). It was accordingly necessary to bring as much heavy

- enemy and to direct operations . ainst them.

fore, the task became one of very great labour and diflieulty; and both on the French side and on the side of the British, nothing was left undone in order to hasten on this work, and to open a formidable fire on the Russian defences (Cheers). On the 17th of October that fire was 0 ned, and produced a very considerable effect. any of the guns in the batteries of the Russians were dismounted, and their works were, for the time, nearl destroyed.’ At the same time the fleets—both nglish and Freneh—-came near to the forts on the sea side, and opened a most formidable fire for some hours against those defences: but that fire did not produce the effect of opeiiiug the place to the immediate assault of the Allies, for the Russians occupied themselves during the night in re airin the defences that had been destro ed, an in acing other guns as substitutes for lose that ha been dismounted

So affairs went on, until the 25th of October, when the Russians, coming round by the valley of Bala- klava, made an attack upon certain redoubts in the neighbourhood. Those redoubts were occupied by the Turks, and the Riissians succeeded in attacking them. A great force of cavalry advanced, but a body of the heavy cavalry of the British, not regard- ing the superiority of numbers, attacked the Russian cavalry and forced it to retire. Later on the mime ‘day, by the miseonstruction of tin order which had been given by Lord Raglan, an attack was made by the Light Cavalry upon the lines of the Russians, consisting of batteries of artillery and large bodies of infantry and cavalry. Nothing could be more distinguished than the bravery of these men. I believe at no time in the annals of the British Army has courage been more signally displayed. We may lament, that the action was not fruitful, and that it. did not produce against the force to which it was sent that effect which under different _circumstii.nees it might have caused; but that is not the least disparagement to the valour of the men (Cheers) who thus were ready, at any risk, and with those immense odds against them, to charge the enemy that they saw =bqt‘ore;;.tbem, and whom they were directed to attack.

The works of the siege, being in themselves very laborious, occupied a far more than ordinary pro- portion of the besieging force—those works being the more fatiguing, because a t portion of the men were taken away by sicknem and cholera. Those men were thus employed when an immense effort was made bytlie commanders of the _Russian forces—-perhaps I should rather say by the Emperor of Russia himself, for two of his sons were present- in order to overwhelm the force of the Allies, which was on one side besiegirig a great fortified place with a numerous garrison and intrenchments defended by

rodigious artillery, and on the other hand con- fionting the Russian army (Hear, hear). That attempt was made, it is said, by more than 60,000 men: I shouldtliink it probable, that the number was not less than '80,000. .They were troops that not. been present at the battle of the Alina They were troops who didnot know the enemy they had to A encounter; Those troops—roused to the utmost pitch of fanaticism, and, it is said, with their courage animated by other means—-came in vast columns to the attack of the British on the heights of Iukerimn (Hear, hear). Lord Raglan has related the events of that battle. He has stated how, in the darkness of night and in the fog of the morning, the Russians were able to place very considerable artiller -—-no less than ninety 'cces—and to advance vast coliimns close to the English position. In that darkness and that thickness of the fog it was im- possible to exercise the powers and the discrimination of a Cominaiiile-i‘. It was impossible to survey hthe ere were but 8000 men on the fie d. But, although their niimberii were few—although they had been weakened by sickness and by ba.ttle—altliou b they presented themselves ragged and exhausted tom the amid the

pnvations they had ?:ndured—-altliough, _ darknem, they could hardly _ their oom- panions and comrades amongst -their own regiments ‘although a great. portion of them came to the field after twenty-four hours’ work in the trenches, and after hard labour and.priva.tion, and although they had not time to take even it scanty meal before they met this ’wr'>rful enemy, they retained the un uenehed an unquenchable spirit. of the British sol ' , and that irit. was triiiinphant. - That was- as my right hon. sfl‘I’l6lld, the Secretary-at-War truly said the other night.—the battle of the soldier. That. band of heroes, ex )S8ll as they were to artille , against which not ing for every long time cou d have stood, might at lust.——not have been driven from the fie'ld—-not have been defeated——but. mi ht at last have left their lives upon those heights, an those

tirely drenched with rain, and by dryi

be experienced .

school. s°°cnivl_i.v- . . . rather ti-ink about all day in the sunshine, and do just as I please,” and Helen throw down her book, with 1 great pout on her lip.

men who fought that battle (Cheers). I believe, in ° t of destruction of an enemy, scarcely any bottle" been equal to it. More than 5000 dead were

cannot count them less, and it was a very moderate calculation to so ,»lill8t three times as many mun have been won ed. And thus these 14,000 men caused a loss of far more than their own number. I believe, sir there are no modern annals that contain the of a battle which redouuds more to the honour those who fought it, than the battle to which I have 'ust alluded (Cheers). caused desolation an affliction to many ; but I am penna- ded that the renown of that battle will not be forgotten, and that the effect will last until future generations We have seen that, in the course of that battle, them were it. one time various changes of the forces, but we have teen, that the heroism of those brave troop prevailed; and those who have met thele troo those who have to give an account of what it II to attack such troops, will be slow to think tbat~Ruu’L can attain advantages from the war which e in waging two such countries._

FEED A COLD AND STARVE A FEVER.

Tlie above is one of a class of popular " uyingo" which have come to be regarded as truis but many of which are founded entirely in error.mTt would be nearer right to say, starve I. cold and starve a fever. We believe there are comparatively few of the common ailing: which may not be entirely overoorrie by atten- tion to diet. Take a cold for example. By iinpro 1- exposure to inequaliliuqf femperalurc, the system ro- comes disarranged, and the different fuiicfionu of the body are performed imperfectly. The circulation of the bleed, especially, is disturbed; the usual secretions

0 not go on; headache and general dullness tliro ll- out the system are experienced, and unless a reaction tulieu place, local inflammation of the throat, lungs, &c., and a partial or general fever is the‘ result,

Now, to “ feed" the stomach, and thus add more material to the already overloaded blood, in the worst thing that can be done. On the contrary, let the diet and drinks be greatly or entirely diminished, and give the blood an opportunity to throw off the~superuburi- diint matters. Avoid wet or cold feet, and sudden changes of temperature, and one or two nigbtfsleep with an empty stomach, under a double’ supply of bedding, will generally cure on ordinary col . Tho some means, per-severd in, will “ break yup” almon any cold, however severe. There is nothing better- for a cold, than thoroughly soaking the fo'eti'n hot water juot before going into an extra-warm be .

A word or two more in regard to " catching cold." It is generally thought that it cold is taken by changing from a warm to n cold atmosphere. This in hardly no. A cold is more the result of inequality of temperature in difibi-out parts of the body. A person may 0 from ‘a warm bed and plunge naked into a snow ban , and not take cold, and yet become quite sick from purely holding one arm in warm, and the other in cold water. The body may be warmly clothed, and yet I cold be taken by having the feet wet, or a slight current of air blowing upon an arm, or upon the head or neck So I person may take cold by the side of a blazing fire, bo- caiiae the driifl of air toward the chimney cool: that art ofthe body away from the fire. One part of the body being clothed warmer than another part, will dil- turb the circulation of the blood, and induce some forll of discus classed under the general name of a “ cold.” One of the most common sources of a‘ cold is the gettin is art of the clothing wet, and thus cooling

that part 0 the body below the general temperature of the system. On the contrary, a person may been-

the clothes uniformly, or chain ingthem entirely, no 'ficulty will t it be kept in mind, th"It,tlIe reatest danger of "catching cold" is from aniso-

qualily of win-oillt in dijfereril parlr of the body.—.flaIert- can .dgri'r~uIliti1'sl..

WHICH, A KITTEN OR A'CHILD. “I wish I was it lamb; lambs don’t have to go to I wish I was it kitten; ltittens_ don’! study "I‘is too pleasant weather to study. I'd

‘rt

" 0. well," said her mother, you may be 'a kitten,

if you pleiise—give up your books and school, and friiik all day; but if you like kitten’: play, on must take liitteu's fare.” 4 mother in earnest, but I'h0n.Il\O aw

Helen could hardly be ieve her e was, she clapped her hands, and thought it would be the hop- iest day ofher lifc._ So instead of diligently learning bar lessons, and joining the school-girls us. they pane la], she ran into the arderi to do as sb_e pleased. but she did I do_not now, but she came in with her api-on torn, and her hands very muddy, and went to- wards her mother just as usual. “0,the dirty kit- ten,” said hfir mother; ‘:30 away; go out doors, where you belong, Helen di not know whether to laugh or cry, but she concluded to laugh, thou h it was not very funny tiller all. Some time in the orenoon, her

heights might have been occupied by the enemy, in

artillery uito the batteries as could be broutzht, and

the work which our soldiers did, both day and

night, was performed with the utmost pcrseveraiit-e,

in order to place the heavy artillery in position to destroy the defences of the place; but it was obvious from the moment that deteriniinrtion-—that necessary determination-—was taken, the prospect became one of it very different chiiracter- for the Russians, having it great quantity of heavy artillery in Sebast I, and all the nits likewise of their large fleet, an havinga cone‘ rablc garrison, C the whole of the men that tfhe crews of -ttieshi ,notcouiiiin ihepopii at one Sebasiopot, gzoiiiindiftled a force wag , if not superior, ‘t,0,0l|",, (lieu, tiedr). tom. at iaoncnt, thoro-