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THE GUARDIA

{Ruining Daily llfounded in 1887i. Authorized as Second Class Marl, Post Ulfice Department, Ottawa.

Proaident, Ian A. Burnett; Vice-President, \\ m. It

Burnett; 5eey.-'l'rcas., U. M. Burnett; Editor and

lllanaglng Director. J. If. lfuruutt; Associate Editor Frank “Hillier.

"lire Strongest Memory is Weukrir Than the Weakest lfrlr."

rirrumlfoan r-:7r"oi_\'§f >11 |‘I ‘inn 1F, urjv

Tragic Accidents . . lwo shocking tragedies, due lo lires caus- ed by explurlrng qnsolinir, have occurred to mar our joyous Chi-strains season this your. The ac- cident at Mcufaguc on clfflSlfilflf. ova, rcsgrlfiug in the ilaatir of Mr. Kerr, was followed on Christmas night by l-lrc ruorc disastrous lire ut Elmsdale in Mirth Mrs K-Irlu-Ellf Matthews arid fv/o of ltcr children lcsl their lrvcs. The syru- flffll,‘ u‘ W7 i". cilizsu» <31» out lo the bcrcrrv ed lruv r-".'-, l," i/‘Jvii in". l‘ilb so sirddcirly bee". turned iriro ruacii-rrrr; rislrrigs fro: decorations were not re- spouzi l-.'i 1hr above mentioned fatalities, but it i= iisll la EIWyiVJ/All“. oucc more that too many pitcriiV. i. 1-"1 b: lzr, ;rr to ensure safety in fir» 111m: llllilrig this particular sea- son. a... i. is airays a menace; but so are over-dry spruce rrzc», faulty electric fixtures, llfljcl rlC!'..\I.ri,>r\5, rind lighted candles used for iccarativw purposes in windows, etc. Family ro- lll1|"f15,‘v‘~'l1.Cll occur at this season and are among 111B most cngn-iable events of the year, rank high in the list of fire hazards. Young people es- pecially should be warned constantly against tho slrghlr-t ircl of cirrclcssncss with matches or other combustible materials.

mlianadzvs Crops

The crass value of Canada's field crops fhis. yerri lrrrs lccn cstimalcd by the Dominion Bur- Pau of Statistics at 9,287,000,000. Notwith- standing o marked decline this year in produc- tion, this is about 3 per cent higher than the re- corded value for 1946. lt is the fifth highest gross value in 39 years, according to the Bur- eau's records. The years in which production values were higher were 1918, 1919, 1920, and 1924,

Pioilirrtioii declines ore registered this year by all crops except rye, llUK-SCCd, buckwheat, hay and clover". This year's output of wheol was relatively low in the Prairie Provinces. It ls valued at $398,000,000, about $74,000,000 less than in 1946. Soaring prices during the last 12 months more than offset this year's general crop decline on compared with 1946. The general rec- ord is therefore one of declining production and rising prices. This means that the domestic con- lumers of Canada are paying many millions of dollars more for the supplies yielded to them by the farms, ranches, orchards and dairies of the Dominion this year than last.

“ll-fliers The Rub-ls-~-~-—~-~~-~--—~~--~ r

A Birmingham physician, in a letter to that HddlllOflUl depositary of British indignation, the London Times, tells the story of a patient who visited his office, "o very angry man," who need- ed o certificate that he was the father of twins before ho could buy o baby carriage of adequate width. The patient Sfllfll "As if l should bo ruch o fool to waste my money buying o pram for twins if I hadn't got twins!" But the pati- ent in his ongcr seems to have misiudged the bureaucrats. They do not bother with such de- tails. They proceed on the sensible genera! rulc that they know bcttcr. lt i! not that bureau- crats are suspicious of the motives of the gen- oral public. It is just that it is so evident to hirrcoircrols that those persons incompletely oc- rruaintcrl with rrll the regulations do not know enough tu corno in out of the rain.

Constitutional Progress

A lif-‘vl "WF-"lly issued by Ihe Uirrlorl King 11o n lnlruiuuIi-rri Ollirc, rlculs with the manner- in which putts of the British Commonwealth prQ qrcss towards sell-government. On this ladder :rf political progress stand on the lowest runq whirl flfl‘ ltltrfWll i" fl(‘|_\(‘l\(l(\fl(|£‘$ in wlrir '1 the rluflrirrily irl flir- Crrrvcrirrrr rs suprorue, suliiccl to lhe uopiovirl (ll the Secretary of Stale.

Next ionic rlrc (JCUCIHdCIICIOS iii which the Governor rtrzicrscs rill lcgrslrrlivc rind executive functiana, lrirt 1N (l'»'.~l'»fO(l liy q nominated corin- cil coirrpnscd of lirc (olnnrul Secretary, the At- forney-Gcncrrrl. bollr appointed by the Imperial Government, and ‘other officials or members of the public. ‘

From this point, r1 constitution begins to take shrroc. Th: Governor and his executive have the assistance of u Legislative Council——rit first entirely nominated, but us soon as the people arc ccnroctcrrt to exorcise the franchise, it is expanded lo include elected members until in course of time lire lrrllcr ore in a majority.

The next stag: is what is known as repre- sentative govcrnmcrrt, composed of a LEQlSlGlIl/E.‘ Assembly entirely e12: "' and o nominated Upper Hcuzc, viiéir the Executive appointed by the Crown. The lower house controls taxatior- and other matters and although fh: Governor has the rig-ht to veto legislation, this power has not been exercised for many years. Bermuda, Barbados and tlic Bahamas have such o con- stitution. '

Then come the colonies which have attain- ed. responsible government with ministers from the elected majority port-y of o fully developed parliament forming the cobinzt and on wlrosc advice the Governor acts. At the hood of the ladder is ‘he fully fledged Dominion which in oll matters is responsible for its administration Such ore Canada, Australia, New Zcaland and

' Soutilr Africa, with in oll respects the full status

of notions and of their own freo will and iccord In members of the family of the British Corri- muwaoltlr and impiro

— EDITORIAL NOTES _..

Feast of St. John the Evangelist.

Tomorrow Innocents’ Day, First Sunday alter Christmas. fi l sllPllf-‘TY accidents were plentiful Christmas D01’ Md yesterday. Cleaned footpaths and pove- uicnt fill‘ the frost preventative,

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1t is greut having the snow ploughs active, nv-Jir if ir does prcvcnt the operators spending u holiday iii home. ‘h . i. . . Not everyone is mokifrg a long week-end of it, but business is certainly at a low ebb after the pro-Christmas rush. i k 1r i Storclrccpers and assistants will beor Mrs. R. E. Mulch in mind for the inauguration of Boxing Doy as a holiday in this city.

The form Communist is not to be applied rndrscrirrrinirtcly, but the action of the Canadian Seanren's Union ru opposing the shipment of qr-m; to Chino makes it clear that those responsible for the decision ore on the side of Russia in that conflict at least.

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Diplomats and others have for some time referred to the combined British and American zones in Germany as "Bizonia", and the sugges- trorr is made that if the French zone is also in- cluded it would then be "Trizonia." The bore possibility should result in immediate agreement of the Big Three to the unification of Germany.

A I fi i

Farmers who are cutting down on produc- tion of hogs because of increased costs ore mak- ing a serious mistake. The government, although reticent about the form of its future action, has indicated that it will take steps to make it profitable to continue to feed them. Canada's comrrrittnicuts to Britain, and participation in the Marshall ploir will require that the level of production be raised.

1| l i I

Neither His MolestyZ Canadian or United Kingdom ministers has made recommendations for awards for the New Years list of honours. Their purpose, however, differs as does tho re- sult of their lock of action. While in tho case of Canada the effect is to have no award: to Canadians resident in this country, while in Britain the labour government submits no recom- mendations, leaving it to His Majesty's discretion who should be included and who not.

I i Q Q

lt is settled then, that "O Canada" is to be the official Notional Anthem of Canada. An official ruling this week settled once and for oll the question of whether or not military persosnel should stand at attention when "O Canada" is played. From now on, the order said, all ranks of the Navy, Army and R. C. A. F. will come to attention, and officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers will salute.

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The late Judge Tilley, who passed owoy at his home in Saint John yesterday, was well known and esteemed in this Province. As Pre- mier he co-operoted actively with the Stewart- MocMillan Government which was in power in this Province at the time, and with Premier Moc- donald of Nova Scotio in reosserting Maritime claims. The result of this joint co-operotion was the presentation before the White Commis- sion which resulted in substantial increoierin subsidy to eoch of the Maritime Provinces.

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Johann Kepler, German astronomer, born this date 1571; his great work The New Astron- omy: Commentaries on the Motion of Mars was published in 1609. The discoveries which this volume records form the bases of physical astron- orrry. Terr yours later he published The Harmonie of the World, dedicated to King James l: "O God, l om thinking Thy thoughts offer Thee"

"It nioy be well to wait o century for a reader, r1’. God has waited six thousand years for rrn observer."

O Q

A Philadelphia policeman surprised himself as nrrrny others by arresting two galloping Christ- rnos lrcrrs. Ho glanced at the erect-looking Christians lrcrs, turned away rind then sudden- ly looked buck rrgrrin. ll seemed as if they had moved. "No couldn't be," he told himself and again turned his head. But once more the pol- icenrurr trrrucrl his head-and this time the trees were galloping down flrc street. He stopped the trees and the man who was holding one in each arm mashing lris body between them. The man was held on a larceny charge.

Ir n- 1 w

Thor.‘ is going to be on lrish general elec- lion in February, Prime Minister Eamon de Val- cru said in o spccclr Fire's projected general election would be hold "about the first week in February." The election wos called as o result of the defeat of do Volera’s Fianna Fail porty by the new Republican Party in two out of three by-clcctions at the end of October. De Valera, in a reference to partition, said: "We claim the whole land as ours, and we wont freedom, and ceasing of interference in the Government of this land by rrny outside power."

‘I ir i Q

According to the Ottawa correspondent of the Montreal Gazette, Canadians definitely now are confronted with an integrated, three-year dollar-recovery program, and if Prime Minister King's pointers are to be tolren seriously the restrictive period will be near its and before the peoole by their ballots ore able to Aay what they think about it. The year 1950 seams to be the. key your. lt is the your repeatedly indicated by British Government spokesmen o! the year of finol deliverance from their economic distress; it is the ycrrr in which the King Government's aid to gold mines is plonnedto and; it i: tentative-

ly tho end of the testing period for the Marshall Plrm.

THE GUARDIAQIL

Al a. teacher you will never cciua b0 be a student. You will never feel that you know enongh- u, do your P1111111 iii-vii“?- Yoii ivilr realize that. fr‘ you do not. keep up “fir, rue world it. will rrrrircli away (ruin you lrr snven-lerrzire booLsu . llori. R, E. Ansley, Albert-a Minister of Education.

The peculiar contribution 11ml. 01111’ the Sovereign can nrrrko to the business of state derives from Lin: experience 1.11m. u King or Queen gathers by remaining can- Ltnuously at. the hCart, or grggl Bf. fairs u liilc successive ministries come and go-aud now also from a simultaneous participation in the counsels of all the independent Governments of the Comlno11~ \vealt.h.--London Dally Mari

If there were no water what would the cavity be like? ' From pale to pale, llre earth would lie a desert of granite, basalt. and lava, shaken by repeated earthquakes, BXDlB-ll‘ Science Illustrated. The unlezflbered sun would beat down 01'! L116 rocks and 111 the absence of oceans there would he almgg‘, no winds. Without- nnter Lircru would be no rr-catlrering and no erosion. These are necessary for U"! "raisin! 0f soils and the form- tng of rocks other than granite, basalt and lava which are formed from the earth's molten interior.

Because tho Victorian egg board offered £50 prize for a nest, which would get the egg clear of the hen before she could trample it with muddy feet, the board‘: Melbourne office 1s stacked with an array of working models. some of them cal- culated to upset the equunfrnlty of oven the moot solid hen. one af- fort. incorporated a drawbrlcfge, gearwheela, collection box nud conveyor belt. As soon as the hen lays an egg, it rolls down a clrulc toihe conveyor bell. The lien must cross the dxawbrldgo Lo leave the neat. Her weight. causes the drawbrldge to drop and set 1n mo- flon gears which carry the egg along the conveyor belt to a collec- tlon box. Some models utlllze cer- eal pocketsand hairpins. Others no masterpieces of rnetalworkcrs art. - Australian News,

‘Tooth decay among Norwegian children which dropped sensa- tlonally during the occupation years has shown an alarming fun-ease since liberation, reports Norwegian Dental Professor Gutlrom Toverud. With the end of the war, careful record; kept by Norwegian dental authorities during the occupation yearn were Showing some lntcrcsl- in; figures. The average number of dental cavities among throe- year-old children decreased from 5.6 1n 1939 to 1 ln 1946. among 6-7 year olds. from 30 1n 1939 to 9 1n 1946, "These figures" noted Prof. Toverucf “give some indication of the extent; of tooth decay among our young people before the war." Tho ‘change 1n dlet'"1liroug1i' 111-‘ creased use of root vegetables, coarse flour. and green plants was held primarily responsible for the decrease. Now, uurvcvor. reports from school dentists during 1946-47 indicate that. booth decay 1s once again on the upgrade, with o re- version to pra-vrar diet. largely to blame. Prof. Toverurl calls for enr- fler treatment. careful dietary CO11~ trol ln all schools. and establish- ment. o! more pirbllc health sta- tions. - From Norway News.

The flexibility of the English langunge~"as sire is spoke and as she 1s vimll." ~15 lrrdccrl nn amaz- lng thing. And nowhere 1s llrls quality for ls 1t a curse?) better demonstrated than on the sport pages of North American daily newspapers. ‘fir a recent summary of football scores from the United States The Associated Press re- ported tmvouLv-one major college games, and In doing so used no less than twenty different. combina- 1.10115 of words to describe the rc- sults. Notro Dnnir- “slimuczV Ar"- my, Mississippi "wlriuperl" 'l'(‘11fl(‘.’i- sec, and Princeton "walloporl ’ flav- vard. A backfield star "guided and plunged" his team to vlrtar-y over a rival, while Yale was ‘spilled’ by Brawn. Other learns were halt- cd. lularrkcd. fllf-lliJbCfl of. knocked off’ baivlccl over. rlurrrpcd. sldclrrrsla- crl rrurl nrrrrclrerl over". 'f‘\vo lcrrms remained undefeated. two more were “rleadlor-kcrl." nnrl hfissorrri. in n burst of rhetoric. wrrs ve- porlcd 1.0 lrrrvi: “lrnvellorl iutn the south for r1 victory" ovcr Dlllif‘. Another team was “pounded? nrrcl one, 1n o tribute to the mechanical age, simply "ran-out of gas." A mldwestern team. ln o gesture to free enterprise, "capitalized" an the other fellows gamble to trike the game. Ono team. Cornell, actually "ivon." —Globc and Mnil.

This gift. of mcnaory 1s not pecul- lor to the migrant. birds. and it. ls probably stronger 1n the bigger birds than the smaller. A parileiriar example has recently pleased the keepers of the isviarles at the Lon- don Zoo. A lady resident. 1n Soot- land came into possession of a young golden eagle and spent. much trouble 1n trying lo mine u; but as 1t. grew ahc lrccrimc n little wr- vous of hcr‘ protege. Perhaps the fur-t, that. other eagles hrid ril one time killed a number of lnrrrirs influenced Irer. A year or so after she had partednvlflr her- pet she went. to the Zoo to see 1t. and was taken to the aviary by the keeper. The bird flew down at, once from the top of the aviary and greeted the donor with an obvious pleas- ure that. both delighted and astou- ished the keeper. instances could be given where birds lrnvo proved the possession 0f airr-a] as well as ocular mbmory. 1n the ircvcr-eud- 1n: dlacusafona on the differences between lnatlnct rind reason f llrlrrk the lift of memory, which plays so largo a port 1n reason, has been too generally disregarded. -- Lon-

rfou Spectator:

QHARLOTTETOWN

» J¢Y,rR.‘\‘s;\‘$c->..‘ ‘W“‘

'32s. c; Old Charlottetown

I'm! P. l. L) a

_-.-

ICE RECORDS

The Argus iof Jarr..z, 1850) i; in. dcblcd to H. Beer‘. Esq" of South- fiovl. fur the following record of the 1.11110 of fire lee lii the Char- lottetown lruvboirr, ir-Irlch he nu kept for Liventy-four years:

1855: Dev, 28. first person walk. ml across tlio r-lvcr on the lee; 31, first hora-n crossed.

1:156: April f4, last. lrorr-e crossed and last» oer-son Walkfl‘! over‘. Dec. f5. steamer Ora ruade her last. trip: l7. first ruwboal. crossed; 1B, sev- eral people walked over; 20, first horse vTDSSBdI 21, Mclnnis the marl i'0l1l‘l-l‘f‘ fried to cross, but broke “Wmlgh the ice and had to put. back. No more horses crossed 1111s year.

1857.- Jan. 14. horses crossed and continued crossing unt11 Aprl] 5; April l0. last man walked over, and 1'0“ boat made lrcr first, trip some rlajs; 13, Ora made her first trip.

1858: April 10, last. horse crossed; last. person ivalked over; 19. Ora made her first trip.

1859: March 29, last horse cross- ed; 30, first. boat crossedplasl. pass- enger crossed semval days after- on drift r" . Dec. 23, first porsou cross- ed over 27, first. horse crossed.

1860: March 21_ last horse cross- ed; 22, last. person walked aver, 23, first boat crossed; 29_ steamer made her first. trip. Dec. 15, steam- er made her lost trip; 19, first person walked over.

1861: Jun. 11, first; horse cross- ed; April 12, last, horse crossed; last man walked over and first boat: crossed. Dec. 20, steamer made her last trip; 22, first person walked over.

1862: Jan. 1. first horse creased. April 16, last hone crossed; 17, last man crossed; 2!, several persons crossed on drlfl; lce, there was I great. quantity 0-f snow and the people had to turn out, to break the roams; May 3, first. vessel ar- rived and left the harbour; Dec. 2o, the Ora, mrrao her last. crlp; 22. last person walked over; 24, first. horse crossed.

1863: April 14, last horse cross- ed; 1'1, last. person walked over. Dec. 11, Ora made her last trip; 23. first man walked over; 2B, first horse crossed. -

1864: April 'f, 1&1: lrorso crossed 9, last man walked over"; Dec. 15, Ora nrade lrer last trip; 16. first man ivalked over.

1865: March 25, last. horse crusa- ed; 27, last man walked over, Dec. 29, Ora made her Last trip.

1866: March 31, last horn crosl- ed; April 1, last. man crossed; 1. row-boat. crossed; 5. Ora made he: flr-sL Lrlri, Dec. 20, Ora made her last. trip; Z10, first. person walked over.

1867: Jan. ‘f. first horse crossed‘, April 5, last horse crossed; 7. last man crossed; 16, steamer mode tier first; trip; Dec. '7. made her last. trip; S, first. person walked over; 10, first. horse crossed.

1868: April, last. horse crossed‘.

~19, lost, man walked over; 20, first

row-boat. crossed; 24, Ora mode he! first. Lripf'D‘e‘o.”1f),‘ Ora made her last; trip; 13. first person walker} over‘; 14 first. horse crossed.

1369; April 4. last. horse crossed, 6, last man walked over; continued ma crossing fur 15th. when Orr- rnade her first. l.1'l.~p.

1870; Jan. 9. sailboat ran: 12th, first pcrcson ualked over. March 21, last. horse crossed: 22nd, last per- son walked over. April s. Ora uwdo lrer first. trip. Doc, 23, Ora made her last. trip; 26, first. person walk- ed over"; 29, first slimy-storm.

1871: Jun. 5, first, horse crossed. ‘March 13, last horse crossed. Nov. 28-29-30. Des. 1-2, very hard frost, rivcl‘ and harbor frozen; 6th. first person‘ walked over.

1872: Dec. 23_ first person walk- or} river; '24, first horse crossed.

1373: April 13. last horse crossed iii-tr; 14, lust. per-sou walked over. Nov. 30. stcnnrcr ceased running. Dec. 2, a few people crossed over, 3-4, ice became soft; 12th, first. per-sou walked over after this; 16th first. horse crossed.

187-1: March 23. lnsl, horse arom- crl. Drr‘. 14, 1hr‘ Elfin rrrarle liar first trip to Southport wharf; but. run occaslunallyi to the edge of l-lia ire; steam tug Henry Altken ran to the nhnrf until 111th", 20, first. person vvrrlked over: 2S. first. horse clan-soil.

11175: April '.‘~t_ 1111.1. llOThC crosrrcrl; ‘b6. lust person ivnlkccl over 1.0 Soiliilpurl. May 2. Patrick Dirffry urrlkcrl over" to Kcuslngtou ‘Point.

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-.-cwsss—-\sss-u-uvei.m-i.-.~_~- ‘PUBLIC FURUM

1' This column la ripen r- ma rliloullon by corni- apourlentp of quelflonl oi i Inbred. ‘Ibo Lu-rluttetow- gr.

f-rfnk

Guarrllnn don not nooeuar u, enrlo tho opinion or eurreapoudonh

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'fi'u'h'n'a'_b'h'u'a'b'n'u'fc'ur'a'n'br'b\ntu

WINTER STREET CLEARAN CE

Sir,—-A.fl.ar" driving _ou Lin; sirects, for two days rind nights, uurirrg Llre recent storm, I llllu that. all I have for my work to u repair blll on any our.

I! the City Fathers cannot. give our citizens and taxi drivers bet- tor streets b0 travel on, we had better lay up our car's and go book b0 snow shoes.

I can understand that. 1t is dif- ficult. to plow tho stream when cars are left. parked on. the streets at fright, but. a stiff fine would cure the offenders.