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THE FARMERS DEPARTMENT.

DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT.

Young farmers, begining housekeeping, are apt too sink too great a proportion of their capital in furniture, riding horses, carriages, kc. and often live up to, or beyond their in- come. Farmers, to be sure, should live quite as well as other men, of the same property; and they have the means ofliving better than others. possessing the same nominal income, so far as the substantial comforts of life are concerned. But small savings are of great consequence to personsjust setting out in life. A enny a day is 11. to: 5d. a yeah—Six ence a ay, (a moderate allowance for dram rink- 01’s,) is 9!. 2:. 6d. a year. A rudent farmer will do well, every penny he ays out for tri- fles relating to his daily expenditures which can be dispensed with. without an essential abridgment of his comforts, to calculate in his own mind, what that sum would amount to in a year. The aggregate will be greater than he could have antici ated without the aid of arith. rustic. In regar to expense of housekeeping, it is observed by Sir Jo n Sinclair that “ the safest plan is, not to suffer it to exceed a cer- tain sumfor bought articles weekly. An annual sum should be allotted for clothing, and the per- sonal expenses of the farmer, his wife and chil- dremwhich ought not to be exceeded. The whole allotted expense, should be considerabl with- in the probable receipts; and if possib e, one eight of the income annually received, should belaid up for contingencies, or expended in extra improvements on the farm.”

Potato Fon‘na.——The farina obtained from rotatoes is now an article ofcommerce in Scot- land, where very fine samples ofit are brought to market. It is stated to be quite equal to gen- uzne arrow root, and is sold at about half the price of that preparation. Mixed with wheat- en flour in the proportion of one-third, it is a freatim _rovement to household bread, and is .ght of igestion. Sir John Sinclair’s mode of preparing the farina is perhaps generally known ; but the following short account ofthe process for domestic use may not be uninter- esting :—Into a pail of clean water, place a fine colander or coarse sieve, so that it may be two inches in the water: grate the potatoes when pared, into the colander taking care from time to time, to agitate the pulp in the colander, so that the farina may fall to the bottom of the pail When the fibrous part which remains in the colander, or sieve, has accumulated so as to impede the washing ofthe tarina into the pail, remove it. About one gallon of potatoes is sufficient for a pail ofwa- fer. After the water has remained in an un- disturbed state for twelve hours, pour it off— the farina will be in a cake at the bottom. It is to be dried slowly before the fire, being rub- bed occasionally between the hands, to prevent its becoming lumpy, and it is then fit for use. The French prepare an extract from the apple in the same way; but this is expensive. as the fannaceous past of the apple is very small.

SHALLOW SOWING—DEFECT IN HAR- ROWS.

. In nature there is scarcely any other provi~ man made for sowing seed, than b scattering them on_the surface of the groun principally by the aid ofwinds. One leading fact may be inferred from this circumstance—that although many seeds-sown do not germinate, yet the dept r to which those become covered that do grow, must he very inconsiderable. This fact is in accordance with the observation and ex-

THE BRITISH AMERICAN.

periments of agriculturists. They have faund that plants which are planted deep come up more slowly and sickly, and produce less abun- dantly than those that are planted at a proper depth. For most kinds of seeds one inch is a sufficient depth; and in moist favourable weather half an inch. But the greater part of grain sown in this country vanes from the smallest part of an inch to three or four inches in the same field. The consequence must be a very great difference in the time of coming up and in the vigour of the plant. On this sub- ject, F. Von Veght, a German writer thus speaks.

‘ I remarked also, that not only in the pea- sants’, fields but also in mine, the corn always sprang up unequally, and this not only as re- garded the length or shortness of the time in which it became visible, but also with respect to the strength and t‘ulness of the plant. Hi- therto Ihad ascribed this to inequality in the germinating power of the seeds, since seeds sown close together, and under precisely the same circumstances, had brought forth very weak and powerful plants. [thought also that some disease had hindered the corn in its un~ folding, or that it might have suffered from worms. Turning my attention to the point, in consequence of what Burger said about it, I took up out of many fields plants of the rye or barle , which showed this difference, and found, a most without exception, that all the stron ly growing plants were covered with very ittle earth, and that the seeds of all the weak plants were from one and a half to three inches from the surface. Each had shot out

'ttle roots. and at the same time with the opening of the seed-leaves the coronal knot had formed itselfimmediately above the soil; roots and small shoots richly and strongly, an quite contemporaneously and in nearly like proportion, sprouted out; even on the same side where acrown (main?) root penetrated in- to the earth arose a new shoot. The broad fresh leaves promised to afford much nourish- ment to the plants from the atmosphere. and thereby to occasion a vigorous growth. How was it with regard to the more deeply sown seed? The little roots were few in number and weakly; from the seed a small whitish pipe, from one to two inches in length, had sprung to the surface ; the coronal knot formed itself on the surface, but with only a few meagre leaves, and one solitary car alone expanded thereon.’

From the above, it can be readily seen, that barrows in common use do not cover the seed to a uniform depth, but on the contrary vary it from the slightest possible covering to that of three or four inches. Ifthe health, vigour, and productiveness of the plant depend so much on the proper depth, we should suppose it of pri- mary consequence that: no expense be spared in constructing suitable barrows, and bringing the soil to a proper degree of pulverizatiou and evenness. N. E.

Potaloe Cheese—In Thuringia and part of Sax- any, a kind of potatoe cheese is made which is very much sought after. The following is the recrpe : select good while potato '5, boil them, and when cold, peel and reduce them to a pulp with a rasp or mortar; to five pounds of this pulp which must be very uniform and homogeneous, add a pint of sour milk, and the requisite portion of salt; knead the whole wcll, cover it, and let it remain three or four days, according to the season. then knead it afresh, and place the cheeses in small baskets when they will part with theirsuperfluous mois- ture; dry them in the shade, and place them

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in layers in large pots or kegs, where the may remain afortnight. The older they are the finer they become.

This cheese has the advantage of never en. gendering worms and of being preserved fresh for many years, provided it is kept in a dry place, and in well closed vessels.-—Bull. Univ.

Flesh of young Calves—By a municipal law in Paris, it is forbidden to expose for sale the meat ofcalves less than six Weeks old. The great profit arising from the sale of milk furnish- es an inducement to the violation of this lave. Many thousands of cows are kept and fed in cellars, within the walls of Paris for the sale 7 of the milk, and unless a cow ields a calf l about once a year, she is less pro table.

The prohibition of the sale of very young , calves, is deemed of great importance to the. public health. At less than a month old, the flesh of the calf is not even gelatine, but a vicid and glutinons juice, containing very little fibrine, (which is an animal substance essentially nutritious.) still less ozmazome, a principle exciting to the digestive organs. Hence there are few stomachs capable of sup- porting such food; and were it digestible, it , would strengthen and nourish the body very badly. “

COMMUNICATION.

To the Editor of the British American. Mr- Editor, 1 am very well pleased that the Land Assessment Bill has obtained the Royal allowance, because Icon- sider it to be an equitable tax, and constitutionally passed; the appropriation of the money as far as build- ing a Government House, will leave the Governor so far independant ofthe whim ofauy House of Assembly. which is a material point for consideration. “Cassar’s wife should be above suspicion." and a mean mind will misinterpret the motives of the most honourable rnas. ‘ The answer of His Excellency to the House of Assem- bly. respecting theirlate temporary vote. was worthy ofa Governor. and was evidently given upon this prin- .s‘ ciple. His Majesty's ministers have given us a broad hint, and the ad valorem bill will no doubt share the fate of any other tariff. While in England they are trying as far as practicable to assist artisans and me- chanics, here we attempt to tax their productions. I should like to consider a little not only how this ‘tax is appropriated, but how it is levied or collected. I am told that in some places, particularly those remote from Charlotte- Town. there are to be found staunch patriots and liberal land escheaters, who, being public ofl'scers, do not scruple to levy the tsrifl‘ with a degree of minute severity and scrutiny unheard of till lately. I could mention difl'erent instances of this propensity. but will - ‘ content myself for the present, and only for the present, ‘ of giving two examples. The wife of Francis Larkin about June last came from Miramichi, to her place of residence at Lewis Town Point. with a crooked coomb inher hair, anda pair ofshoes; she was sent for by the Excise officer. (l suppose we may so call him) of ,- that place. and obliged to swear the value of those . articles, and to pay the duty thereof. Another person Joseph Heron of Kildare, was obliged to swear and pay the duty for a pair of shoes on his sons feet. Many years ago. there was a Custom-house officer at Dover, \ who used to inspect the ladies dresses narrowly, with \ the view of discovering contraband lace. Whether his heard was blue or not. I can't say. for he was dead be- fore ] was born, but he went by the name of blue-‘“ '3 , till he died. Mr. Bluebeard sometimcs‘ exceedeu' l4 rules ofdclicacy in his research, but the articles i

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