Hungary's Brief Hour Of
lndependenc
EDITOR'S NOTE: The ntrug- the neck of Stalin's statue and
gla of the Hungarian people for independenc- blew delivered by the "unalanl
-4 the crushing l
-nava made page I headlines for , almost a month. How did it all '
start! What were the high spots? Relmaa Morin. Plllilllf Prize winner. has put together from already published dia- patchea and other information this gripping chronological ac- count of how a great event in history unfolded.
By RELMAN MORIN Associated Press Staff Writer I
pulled it down. No shots were fired there. TRAGEDY WAITS
But at the Budapest radio build- ing. AVH men. the tough; and kill-1
,ers of the secret police, were
waiting. . The students sent a delegation
Wednesday. Oct. .'ll. That was the day the Russians retreated into the countryside.
Terrible scenes took place in the next hours. People, moving freely f now. hunted down the secret po-.l licemen and killed them on thel spot. Some died like rats in the: city's sewers Others were hanged I by the heels and beaten to death.
Page 12. The Guardian Thursday. Nov. 29,1956
Site Of Supreme Court Bldg. e,.And "-5 End lWill Be Focus Of Ottawa Mall
By JACK VAN DUSIN Canadian Stall Writer
OTTAWA iCPi-The spot where a pile of rubble lies at the foot of the West Block on Parliament Hill some day will be the focal point of a long. ornate mall.
But meanwhile the rubble-all that's left of the old Supreme Court of Canada building torn down this fallhwill be the lite of sin outdoor parking lot. on wall
into the buildlnzeto compel the Still others holed up in steel-and-'of the old building. when the
radio to broadcast their demand that Soviet forces get out of Hun- gary. The students said AVH merit refused to let the young men come out.
The others thcn tried to break
I .1 Toward midnight on Saturday.'dovin the gates and rescue them.
l . . Hungarian colonel threw an army l- greatcoat around his shoulders and l hurried out into the wintry dark- . ness of Budapest.
' He had just received g thrilling i message
i Russian Army headquarters tele- l phoning from outside the city. . . A l the Soviet commander desires to slate that new orders have come from Moscow....Soviet forces Viill be withdrawn from Hungary at -time. . .would the colonel be so good as to come to headquarters
I"
and assist in the necessary ar- rangements? Col. Pal Maleter -e daredevil
guerrilla lender, hero of the Buds- pest uprising. and as of that day minister of defence in the govern- metlt-could hardly believe his ears.
Three times during that same day. the new premier. ltnre Nagy. had protested that more Russian tanks and troops were still com- ing across the border.
MOSCOW ABOUT-FACE
Now suddenly. in typical Mos- eow fashion,
out.
Col. Maleter and two ministers of state in tho Nagy regime. Fer- anc Erdel and Gena Losonczy.
roared away through the battered. wreckage-strewn streets of Buda- peat.
Thls was the hour of triumph, the crowning
gary's struggle or independence.lcocktail," a hand grenade wired
So they thought.
As they crossed the city. lIl0l
three men heard an occasional l lng torch. Carrying the "cocktail.' l stutter of tommygun fire. Another she came so close in a tank that
l member of the AVH, the hated she burned alive. 50 did the rrew,l3lllll'll9d the assault secret police, had been flushed out of
and killed
In Moscow Square. they passed Army barracksAiinopposed by the I9”-PFDP9llEd films. a vacant pedestal. The iron statuelguards - grabbing weapons and of Stalin had fallen with a clang-' ammunition. .1:
ing crash after 10 years. WORKERS SING
tan anthem.
the fighting began in Budapest.
keep up with tho swift-paced ev-
l ' ehooses."
';y" The story of the ordeal of Hun- -' S gary goes back months before it - ; began making headlines These ,;;p' are some mlleposts:
In March, the name of forms premier Laszlo Rajlt, executed as a "Tltolst" in 100. was officially cleared.
IATCI lA'l'l:l.Ll'l'ls
In tuna and July, the Hungar- ians watcliod eagerly the riots in Poznan. Poland. and the lenient sentences handed down by the courts.
Rakosi. resigned as premier. An- other. Brno Goroe, replaced him. Subterranean forces were heaving beneath the strata of the Commun- Iat high command.
September eltumors circulate that former Premier Nagy will re- turn. Ile had been deposed In 1955. Oct- 10-ll0.0il) grim-faced Hun- garians marched past the exhumed eomn of "Titolst" lujk.
A few days later, Nagy was re- admitted to party membership.
POLAND mas Events in Poland rang loud in Hungary. They were slow but un- mistakable in meaning. The new Polish leader. Wladislaw Gornullta -like Nagy. returned after being -said Poland would set
its course independently of Mos-
cow. Elie fuse beings to hiss in Buda-
Qn Oct. N, lured University at cm. lint strong. pulled out
tha about-lace waslnesday, announced. All were to be pulledlthundered over the Danube brid-i
hurried into an automobile atidlward iltcni.
ment in Hun-lin street - fighting, the "Molotov Stan l-Inks Cmssed
On Csepel Island. in the Danube, the automobile workers were cele- inns stopped wave after wave of kill brating victory, singing a Htingar- Soviet tanks. Soldiers under th e methodically blasted whole rows
in the Hotel l)uha. Lulu the ('91- the people in that battle. l ant. a 220-pound pianist. eotild play again for the first time since i FIGHTING SPREAD-E l
Upstairs in the hotel. forei'gn,caught fire throughout Httngary..drenched them with gasoline and correspondents were piecing to-lln the towns of Gyoer. Bat-it and oil. They destroyed 14, and died Izether the Slllry of unbelie-vabls;Sopron. Russian or secret police-"in droves themselves. human courage-"David has de-,fire mowed down the people by' feated Goliath" - and trying tolhundreds.
ents of the day. They noted. "Gol- cally somewhat larger than New ation for the rebels and set a dead- iath can come back any time hellirunswick and with a population line for them to lay down their
Then a soviet puppet. Matyaa 3'
I Nov. 3, a tall. powerfully - built Shots were tired.
A 21-year-old man nameless and unsung. fell dead beneath the bare branches of an acacia tree He was the first victim of the nine- day rebellion
Serious rioting exploded. People smashed the windows of the ra- dlo building, set fire to a secret police squad car.
At that niutncnt, Hungarianl Ariiiy lanksv made in Russia ”. thutitlerod over the cobbles. The crowd burst into frantic cheers.'. People mounted the steel mon- stecrs. waiting the red-white-green flag of Hungary. embracing the Soldiers.
The tank l'l'PVlS passed out arms Zanti amniunuion to the siudentsu
During the night, events took I sharp turn.
.GEROE ASKS HELP Erno Gerne. than first secretary
of the Communist party. went on the radio. He condemned the stud-
concrete dungeons. beyond the reach of vengeance. . The government panicked. it
offered more and more cortces-l xions. But nothing availed u n t it Geroe and his henchmen fled. I probably in a Russian armored car across the Soviet border. !
NAGY TAKES OVER
Nagy and a group of political moderates took over. He an - nounced free eliclitins and a com- plte break with Moscow. On Nov. 1. he withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact vitiit-h binds the Soviet satellites.
This was much farther than the Poles had gone when they rebel- led. Did he go too far too fast?
Three days passed. Budapest was almost out of food Cold winds swept. along the Danube The city was terribly battered, homes de- stroyed, buildings gutted. streets littered with wreckage and the skeleton: of burned - mil tanks. There were funerals eierywhere.
But the Hungarians drank the heady wine of freedom.
Then came Saturday. .Nm'. 4.
S u d d e n l y, from the borders, that the
news reached the city Russians were coming back and in greater strength. Nagy called in the Soviet ambassador three times, protesting.
The street iighicrs began mak- ges- T h ey immediately camp ing more "cocktails" and re-load-
onts. And be appealed to Russia to send tanks and troops to Buda-
pest. In the dark, chilly dawn of Wed- Oct. 24. Russian tanks-
-justices of the Supreme Court held forth for some 70 years. is staying up to hide the parking lot from the street.
Federal district commission offi- cials hope to start on the small and a huge underground parking lot "in a few years." The project is part of he National Capital Plan as envisaged by French pian- ner Jacques Greber.
RIVERSIDE STEPS
Big steps will go down from Parliament Hill near where the old building stood for some 100 years. An underground parking space will be cut oil! or the hill near the steps. other step: will run down from there to the Ot- tawa River where a dock will be built.
The mail will run frtim the edge of Parliament Hill along the top of the high cliff overlooking the river and past the new Supreme Court building to the proposed new National Library
The old Supreme (Iourt building was first used as a wot'kshOP by the men erecting lhe Parliament Buildings near by. It was taken over as it ”tcniporar,v measure" by the Supreme Court when it was formed in 1875.
In 1936 federal health depart- ment investigators reported to ,Parllament: "it is quite obvious that the building should be con- demned as being injurious to the health of the occupants and to- tally inadequate for the purposes for which it is used."
under attack. workmen, students,;ln8 the Elm?
teen-age boy; gnd glrlg .. gndl That night. Maleter received the many even younger-swlrbed to-, telephone message from S o v i et lArmy headquarters. He drove out ,
They had been trained to fight l from the city with Erdei and Los- by the Communists. They knew out-zy. how to use a submat-ltinegun, and They have not been seen since. how to fashion a deadly weiiponl M 4245 Im. Sunday the Ru!- the Danube again. This time. the Russians iwere taking no chances.
lto a bottle of gasoline.
A girl ttirned herself into it liv- ,,GmM,l.H,, RF,n,PNg
0 h it e r v e r s estimatcri they; with 4.600 tanks, plus 1,000 more in reserve. An army of 200.000, supported by' rolled o v e r l the country, converging on Buds-I est .
the tank. The rebels burst into Hungarian
l The thick-walled Marin Terezial "Goliath can chm: back any barracks became an epic in the lime he Chooses." .furious fighting i They crushed the Hungarians There. more than L200 Hungar- under sheer weight of steel. To one sniper, the Russians
it-ommand of Col. Maleter Joined of homes or an entire building. Still the people fought back with ,whnt they had. On Csepel island, factory work-
I Meanwhile, the rebellion h a d ers trained hoses on the tanks and
The Russians installed another . puppet. Janos Karlar. as premier. The whole C()Ill'IlFyiRQ01l'lDlII-. By radio. he threatened extermin-
of l0.w0.Mkwas in revolt. In Budapest, fighting ended on,
BTIIIS. The rebellion flickered out.
CONFIDENT ALLY YOURS
fly iiyrnr; Hope 5 mcicr-
MONTREAL, Nov. ?9i.h-"Do my Christmas dioppin at. the B of MT . . . How do you mun?" naked Lingo the other day. So I ioltl her about the Christmas nervit-es available iii the BANK OF MONTREAL. The Gift. Cheqties decorated with a gay group of rsrollers . .. the ll of M Money Ortlrrn that you can send in attractive Yuletide envelopes . . . the Savings Ilitnk Books that come dieir ' iiil Chriatmna gift oovern. Margin eyes were gleaming before I'd nisliod. Elba quickly saw poeaibililies in the idea. "I've been ghmkiu gnd think.” what, to give Henry, my nephew," she mid. ”A gift. ehequeis the very thing." I could see her mind following up on the idea for other people too. "If only I hiid Ito-or-i of "HR years ago," she said, "what a lot. of trouble I could have saved myself."
As Child!!!--our family All loved RED RIVER CF.RI'IAl.. Thalia why it gives me plesauro to urge you to discover what' a uiliidootovy and dzittonnvvie renal this is. Mother always said that break- innt was the most. important. meal of the day - and aw in it that we all had the Red River (I4-real we enioyed so much. I'm wire youlll Iibn it. too-with ita hna blending of grains. Cooks no quickly-and briny auoh A fine nourishment. with every npoonftil. Red River Cereal. Nature's mild regulator. will send your family out to their day'l aotivitiea, with the right food valueo.
Mod Beautiful Venues. I had, , have I few very simple ruin for protecting their Invelinnw. Talia
Ilia: Joy-to see the ones you love intent on a family game- lika the exciting and skillful game
preflint hands are the buewnt
of he Communist party usIlIlllI- ting. They demanded that Russia pu her troops out of Hungary. Tuesday. Oct. 2:. saw the begin- nlu of the Budapest uprising. It, started with peaceful iitudent dem-' oastrationa. Soon. the aarrrow. cobbled street leladtag into the city's main: rang with the tread of. nun thousands - employees of nod enterprises. oh - duty workmen in oil - stained In g. aalversity professors
of SORRY! What. delight to watch Dad and the younnterI- and a couple of neighborf kids - laughing in competition through a family gamel So many bonlen. tliaas days, are finding the plenum of family on-n many of them are lling the obelyea at home with a group of hue rain like the ue.-popular 80 RYI Start now to build your own t-ollaetion-to keep your young onna happy st home-and to
hands. And Cam na'a ITALIAN BALM to node or I'll!!! hnnda- uitn it faithfully after every as- poeurn to work - wstter- weather and your bands will be soft and prett , always. And if”: no trouble at I--with the household nine Italian Balm with the new dis- penaer that's so convenient - both for only Mic! Just a quick thumb preiwtira and you have the little you need. nub it in vigorously for a mood or so and you'll be bring tlit-ivi.stilI closer to you in proud of your lovely bands! A the am home 'vond the drug counters, everywhere. - guns I
'hyhfhlaP...0fsItheOiekcna:&sold iacaaadsbgh LIPTON CBTCK NOODLE SOUP. mt to know why it's so popular with an nianyf Yrwi'I have the answer when you try it yourself. I've spent many hours making rhicken coup-but. none, was better than Lipton (lurk Noodle. There's the frv-tdi. delunla I Invov of Uta chicken in a rich broth. with ind. the riht aniount of noodlee. Believe Ina. you're ling one of the real delights of the gnu if you don't ghow Lipton (Xiekea odIahup.Cooksinjtautaewnioaunh, ton.,.l.'ovns,oa-Isl Go 18 cl Canada-and urn it roguhbl
also . 1;;!r;.aih:,CIo's'.:...'...nasa.ua-ugh min. A Elton rt: ' , . . Jdnis W attain
Judges' rooms were compared 'to "old-fashioned bedrooms in an old-time hotel."
ISTATELY Sl'('('I-ISSOR 'I'c-nders for a new Supreme- Court building were called two years later. Queen Mother Eliza- beth laid the cornerstone May 20. I939. as the late King George VI looked on. The huge white stone building was completed in l94l. btit the jtistices stayed in the old edifice another five years because their new home was needed for wartime office space. Judges of the Supreme Court
"escape comba .t
moved into the new building in I9
.46. The late Sir Lyman Duff. who l
hdbeeninthaoldhmdh' . tins, had retired as cunt
But the old bttlldlag sq in ,.,.,,,i points. according to Gauge Au. dette. Supreme Court elerk of Drocess who began waking than in 1918.
"I sed i out . dow :IILO L;C :i':"yc".',"- he recalls. "We lived mg" em-3;. '”"'P'Y M5,” Wars all. it was
Fighting Fish Made Coward:
uglifligttgt: 'fiAl;) ..r'.:rl:e Siam- : are gturn I'll” dlflllkilll cowards with some of the new tr-nquitntn; drugs.
The experiment-. being con- ducted at the Illinois Neu ro- psychiatric Institute. are aimedl at a better understanding of how "39 lflllllulliurs work on humans. Their results were reported Tues- d:yul1ty l!)r.tIt.eo G. Ahood. director 0 e nsiute's neuro ' v laboratories. physiology
The Siamese scrappers known as Betta splendens. normally take out after an antagonist in a flash. But when a' pinch of the tran. lluillzers was not in their water, they beat a hasty retreat.
Their color markings. which or-, dinarily flare into brilliant hues under battle conditions. turnedl pale and lifeless.
Anti-histamines were even more effective in crushing the acquntic Illllllnfl spirit. The some fish became so fearful they sometimes tried to leap from the tank to
Male fish paid no attention in females swimming. in the game tank when anti-histamine: were added to the water.
mm READY TO BLOCK CANAL
COPENHAGEN. Denmark (Reuters) - Former Sues Canall Pilot Capt. Norman Caspei-sen said today that as far back as last August the Egyptians were preparing vessels to sink in the slnal. "In August we could see vessels belonging to the canal 00"lP-Elly being filled with cement and stories." he said.
WIIALING REVENUE
Gross revenue of Australia's five whaling stations in 1955 Kached 84.400000, slightly above
AT BRYANT ELECTRIC CO., LTD. . l
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1957 SYLVANIA TV SETS 2i INCH ZICSIIZW CONSOLE MODELS
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This is only one of the many outstanding sales which Bi-rant Flat-iric Co. Ltd. will offer this year. Watch this - paper for further announcements on real money saving events.
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...1Qir Pa'lY tleatmgemi
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